Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering - Volume 24, issue 1

Authors: Liu, Tian | Lin, Pan | Chen, Yanni | Wang, Jue

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study investigated the changes in synchronization of different electroencephalogram (EEG) bands in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. EEG data were obtained from 13 children diagnosed with ADHD and 13 normal control children in the resting state. The statistical dependencies between each EEG channel were generated by calculating synchronization likelihood. The differences of synchronization between the ADHD and control groups were statistically evaluated. Overall, the synchronization was significantly higher in the ADHD group in the alpha and beta bands. The present study found that synchronization was significantly altered in the fast EEG bands in patients with ADHD. These findings …may enhance our understanding for the relationship between ADHD and cerebral dysfunction. Show more

Keywords: ADHD, EEG, synchronization likelihood

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130901

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1035-1039, 2014

Authors: Chang, Yen-Ching | Lai, Li-Chun | Chen, Liang-Hwa | Chang, Chun-Ming | Chueh, Chin-Chen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The discrete-time fractional Gaussian noise (DFGN) has been proven to be a regular process. According to Wold and Kolmogorov theorems, this process can be described as an autoregressive (AR) model of an infinite order. An estimator for the Hurst exponent based on autoregressive power spectrum estimation has been proposed, but without considering order selection. In this paper, six common order selection methods for the AR model were used to select appropriate orders of the AR model in order to raise the accuracy of estimating the Hurst exponent. Experimental results show that these six AR methods with considering order selection are …more accurate than the original AR method without considering order selection. Show more

Keywords: Fractional Brownian motion, fractional Gaussian noise, Hurst exponent, autoregressive, order selection

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130902

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1041-1051, 2014

Authors: Liang, Fuyou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Central aortic pressures are better predictors of cardiovascular events than peripheral pressures. However, central aortic blood pressures cannot be measured noninvasively; for this reason, estimating aortic pressures from noninvasive measurements of peripheral pressures has been the subject of numerous studies. In the present study, a novel method was proposed to noninvasively estimate aortic pressures from the oscillometric wave of a suprasystolic brachial cuff. The errors of estimation were evaluated in relation to various cardiovascular properties using an integrated cardiovascular-cuff model. Obtained results demonstrated that the estimation errors are affected mainly by aortic stiffness. The estimation errors for aortic systolic pressure, …diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and wave shape under the assumed cardiovascular conditions were 5.84±1.58 mmHg, −0.28±0.41 mmHg, 6.12±1.42 mmHg and 1.72±0.57 mmHg, respectively, all of which fell within the error ranges established by existing devices. Since the method is easy to be automated and bases the estimation fully on patient-specific information, its clinical application is promising, although further clinical studies are awaited to validate the method in vivo. Show more

Keywords: Central aortic pressure, suprasystolic brachial cuff, oscillometric signal, wave separation, wave reconstruction

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130903

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1053-1062, 2014

Authors: Guo, Lei | Wang, Yao | Yu, Hongli | Yin, Ning | Li, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Acupuncture is based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Its therapeutic effectiveness has been proved by clinical practice. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear. Magnetic stimulation at acupuncture point provides a new means for studying the theory of acupuncture. Based on the Graph Theory, the construction and analysis method of complex network can help to investigate the topology of brain functional network and understand the working mechanism of brain. In this study, magnetic stimulation was used to stimulate Neiguan (PC6) acupoint and the EEG (Electroencephalograph) signal was recorded. Using non-linear method (Sample Entropy) and complex network theory, …brain functional network based on EEG signal under magnetic stimulation at PC6 acupoint was constructed and analyzed. In addition, the features of complex network were comparatively analyzed between the quiescent and stimulated states. Our experimental results show the topology of the network is changed, the connection of the network is enhanced, the efficiency of information transmission is improved and the small-world property is strengthened through stimulating the PC6 acupoint. Show more

Keywords: EEG signal, magnetic stimulation, acupuncture point, brain functional network, sample entropy

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130904

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1063-1069, 2014

Authors: Tang, Wenwei | Zhang, Min | Zeng, Xinping

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the anti-cancer drug 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was taken as the detection object. The biosensor of dsDNA/GNs/chit/GCE was established using the grapheme (GNs) and chitosan (chit) as the compound modified material. The electrochemical behavior of 6-MP on the sensor was discussed, and the damage and its mechanism of 6-MP on DNA were studied. The experimental result showed that, after the modification of GNs-chit, the electrode activation area of GNs/chit/GCE increased remarkably, which was improved from 1.76cm2 to 8.64 cm2 , and the responsive oxidation peak current of GNs/chit/GCE to K3 [Fe(CN)6 ] also increased remarkably. At the meantime, …it was demonstrated that DNA was effectively fixed on the GNs/chit/GCE electrode;6-MP caused obvious damage to dsDNA, and the damage degree on the adenine was bigger than that on the guanine; the interaction between 6-MP and dsDNA was preliminarily deduced as the intercalation, and its electrochemical oxidation process was an irreversible process controlled by the adsorption. Show more

Keywords: Biosensor, grapheme, 6-MP, intercalation, DNA damage

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130905

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1071-1077, 2014

Authors: Xiao, Bao-Lin | Hong, Jun | Gao, Yun-Fei | Yang, Tian | Moosavi-Movahedi, Ali Akbar | Ghourchian, Hedayatollah

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Direct electron transfer of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was achieved by immobilizing HRP on a functional nanocomplex modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the modified electrode have a pair of well-defined redox peaks with a formal potential (E°′) of −26±2 mV versus Ag/AgCl, in 0.05M, pH7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at a scan rate of 0.05 V/s. The heterogeneous electron transfer constant (ks) was calculated to be 1.94 s−1 . The modified electrode response toward hydrogen peroxide was linear in the concentrations ranging from 0.28 μM to 10 μM, with a detection limit of 0.28 μM. The …apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (Km app ) for H2 O2 was 2.54 μM. Moreover, results of biochemical computation showed that the amino acid residues (Ala34, Arg38, Ser73, Arg75, Ala140, Pro141, Phe172, Gly173, Lys174, Phe179, Arg31, Ser35, Lys174, Gln176) of HRP may playa crucial role in the improvement of electron transport between electro-active site (heme group) of an HRP molecule and nanocomplex modified GC electrode. Show more

Keywords: Horseradish peroxidase, direct electron transfer, gold nanoparticles, carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes, biochemical computation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130906

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1079-1084, 2014

Authors: Zeng, Hongjuan | Wang, Deshun | Yu, Junsheng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A layer of L-glycine-molecule-imprinted polyaniline (LMIP-PANI) polymer film has been modified on a carbon fiber electrode for the determination of L-glycine standard samples and L-glycine in cerebrospinal fluid of wistar mice. It has been found that a linear relationship exists between current and concentration for the glycine standard samples in the range of 0–12 μM by using the LMIP-PANI-modified carbon fiber electrode as a sensor. However, there is no any relationship between current and concentration for the carbon fiber electrode modified with no-glycine-molecule-imprinted polyaniline (NIP-PANI). The MIP-PANI- and NIP-PANI-modified carbon fiber films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), …X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemistry methods. The investigation shows that the MIP-PANI-imprinted carbon fiber electrode will have a potential application in in-situ monitoring neurotransmitter due to its easy fabrication, low cost, bio-compatibility and flexibility. Show more

Keywords: Glycine, polyaniline, imprint, film, cerebrospinal fluid

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130907

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1085-1091, 2014

Authors: Tsai, Ming-Chang | Huang, Shyh-Chour

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This research probes into the strain changes of the great saphenous vein (GSV) during step exercises. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) were used to process and develop Gauge Factors (GF=4.79±0.247), 5 males and 5 females with an average age of 20±0.6 years were asked to engage in step exercises (with step height of 25cm), and the strain changes of the GSV in the lower limbs of the dorsal venous arch were measured. The results show that the effect the exercise has on the vein vessel is not prominent within 0.87 min; between 0.87 and 13.71 min, the average rates of the strain …changes in the GSV show a linear increase; after 13.4±0.31 min, the linear curve of the increase rate is alleviated. This shows that to prevent varicose veins in the lower limbs, continuous exercise between 0.87 to 13.71 minutes has better effects in training. Exercising for over 13.71 minutes has its beneficial effects, but the effects are considerably less obvious than exercising for 0.87~13.71 min. Show more

Keywords: Great saphenous vein, strain, carbon nanonets, gauge factor

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130908

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1093-1099, 2014

Authors: Wang, Xiaoyan | Wang, Haifeng | Zhou, Jing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Among the methods of parallel magnetic resonance imaging (PMRI), Generalized Auto-calibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) technique reconstructs the missing k-space data by a set of weights, which are derived from auto-calibration signal (ACS) lines acquired in parallel to the reduced lines. In this paper, a novel hybrid method is proposed to reconstruct by cross sampling the ACS lines orthogonal to the reduced lines and estimating weights with a second-order nonlinear model. The proposed method can mix the benefits of cross sampling and the nonlinear kernel model. The in vivo experiments demonstrate this method, named as cross-sampled nonlinear (CSNL) GRAPPA, can …effectively reduce the aliasing artifacts and noises when high acceleration is desired. Show more

Keywords: parallel MRI, GRAPPA, cross-sampled, nonlinear

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130909

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1101-1108, 2014

Authors: Meng, Lu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is a parallel computing platform and programming model invented by NVIDIA. It enables dramatic increase in computing performance via the power of the graphics processing unit (GPU). In medical image analysis, 3D image registration generally takes relatively long time, which is not feasible for clinical applications. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a high performance computational method based on CUDA, which took full advantage of GPU parallel computing under CUDA architecture combined with image multiple scale and maximum mutual information. Experiments showed that this algorithm can not only maintain the registration accuracy but also …greatly increase the speed of registration process and meet the real-time requirement of clinical application. Show more

Keywords: Three dimensional image registration, CUDA acceleration, mutual information, multiple scale

DOI: 10.3233/BME-130910

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1109-1116, 2014