Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering - Volume 2, issue 1

Authors: Singh, V. R. | Kumar, Anil

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Food systems are complex and inhomogeneous in nature. Ultrasonic propagation velocity in the food systems, in this case processed milk cream and vegetable oils, is studied. Ultrasonic properties of the food systems are similar to those of complex biological tissues. The presence of vegetable oil as an adulterant in the processed milk cream is detected with the help of a double-probe-through-transmission ultrasonic technique. The present study helps to maintain quality control of various food systems, particularly with regard to their adulteration, if any.

Keywords: food systems, adulteration, processed milk cream and vegetable oil, ultrasonic technique, transducer

DOI: 10.3233/BME-1992-2101

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-5, 1992

Authors: Yang, Wen-Jei | Yang, Paul P. T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Thermography is a noninvasive technique through which temperatures are monitored and recorded, thereby allowing visualization of heat flow. There are three types of thermography: liquid crystal thermography (LeT), infrared thermography (IRT) and microwave thermography (MWT). This paper presents a survey of the literature pertinent to the biomedical applications of these types of thermography. The noninvasive and high resolution characteristics of the thermographic systems make them valuable diagnostic as well as therapeutic aids. Typical research areas include detection of blood flow, diagnosis of joint inflammation and cancer, thermal modeling of various body parts, and use in reproductive problems. The survey discloses …that thermography has found applications in various fields in medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry. Show more

Keywords: thermography, liquid crystal thermography, infrared thermography, microwave thermography, biomedical applications

DOI: 10.3233/BME-1992-2102

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7-18, 1992

Authors: Ursino, M. | Artioli, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new method for estimating the high-frequency characteristics of wave propagation (phase velocity and attenuation per wavelength) in hydraulic lines is presented in this work. It consists of measuring the ratio of pressure amplitudes at two distinct sections of an occluded tube at different frequencies, and minimizing the difference between the experimental pattern and the theoretical one predicted on the basis of the transmission line theory. In this work the method is used for estimating the high frequency propagation characteristics of two different latex tubes. The values obtained are then compared with those provided by the more traditional three-point …pressure method. The results of our trials demonstrate that the new method furnishes reliable estimations of the asymptotic values of phase velocity and attenuation per wavelength, provided the frequencies used during the experiment are sufficiently high. Moreover, the method turns out quite robust as to the influence of noise and possible measurement errors. For this reason it seems particularly suitable for studying wave propagation under difficult experimental conditions, such as those met with when measurements are performed on blood vessels in vivo. Finally, some discrepancies between our experimental results and the predictions of the transmission line theory are pointed out, and their possible origin examined. Show more

Keywords: attenuation per wavelength, phase velocity, transmission line theory, viscoelastic tubes, wave propagation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-1992-2103

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 19-31, 1992

Authors: Hirao, Kazuyuki | Benino, Yasuhiko | Soga, Naohiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The fracture and inelastic behavior of A-W glass-ceramics, phosphate glasses, silicate glasses, and borate glasses were determined in simulated body fluid (SBF), kerosene, and water. By using the stable crack growth technique, an inelastic behavior was observed on the diagram of load versus load-point displacement. From these studies, it was suggested that the inelastic behavior of bioactive glass-ceramics was produced by the plastic deformation of glassy phase on the grain boundary.

Keywords: glass ceramics, inelastic behavior, artificial bone

DOI: 10.3233/BME-1992-2104

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 33-40, 1992

Authors: Asaoka, Kenzo | Kawano, Fumiaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The creep behavior of amalgam in Class I cavity was simulated by an axi-symmetric elastic creep finite element method. In this procedure, the stress and time dependencies of the creep strain of amalgam were incorporated. Exponents of stress and time dependencies were postulated as 2.0 and 1.0, respectively. Amalgam with 1.0% of creep value (tested by American Dental Association Specification No. 1) were selected for the material to calculate. Simulation was conducted for the occlusal force of 40, 100, and 150 N, respectively, on the caps of enamel and vertical direction to the axis of the tooth. Results show that …creep strain of amalgam in the cavity did not increase linearly with time because the amalgam deformed to become stress-free and creep rate was a function of the stress. It was concluded that elastic deformation of the crown with no filling material in its cavity is an important factor in determining the creep strain and the gap between the cavity and the restorative material. Show more

Keywords: dental amalgam, creep, finite element method, marginal fracture, cavity preparation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-1992-2105

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 41-50, 1992