Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering - Volume 35, issue 4

Authors: Moore, Kevin D. | Wu, John Z. | Krajnak, Kristine | Warren, Christopher | Dong, Renguang G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGORUND: The development of vibration-induced finger disorders is likely associated with combined static and dynamic responses of the fingers to vibration exposure. To study the mechanism of the disorders, a new rat-tail model has been established to mimic the finger vibration and pressure exposures. However, the mechanical behavior of the tail during compression needs to be better understood to improve the model and its applications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the static and time-dependent force responses of the rat tail during compression. METHODS: Compression tests were conducted on Sprague-Dawley cadaver rat tails using a micromechanical system at three …deformation velocities and three deformation magnitudes. Contact-width and the time-histories of force and deformation were measured. Additionally, force-relaxation tests were conducted and a Prony series was used to model the force-relaxation behavior of the tail. RESULTS: The rat tails’ force-deformation and stiffness-deformation relationships were strongly nonlinear and time-dependent. Force/stiffness increased with an increase in deformation and deformation velocity. The time-dependent force-relaxation characteristics of the tails can be well described using a Prony series. CONCULSIONS: We successfully quantified the static and time-dependent force responses of rat tails under compression. The identified mechanical behavior of the tail can help improve the rat-tail model and its applications. Show more

Keywords: Rat-tail model, mechanical behavior, finger, force, stiffness

DOI: 10.3233/BME-230170

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 337-349, 2024

Authors: Wu, John Z. | Pan, Christopher S. | Ronaghi, Mahmood | Wimer, Bryan M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Wearing protective helmets is an important prevention strategy to reduce work-related traumatic brain injuries. The existing standardized testing systems are used for quality control and do not provide a quantitative measure of the helmet performance. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the failure characterizations of Type I industrial helmets and develop a generalized approach to quantify the shock absorption performance of Type I industrial helmets based on the existing standardized setups. METHODS: A representative basic Type I construction helmet model was selected for the study. Top impact tests were performed on the helmets at different drop heights …using two different impactor masses (3.6 and 5.0 kg). RESULTS: When the helmets were impacted with potential impact energies smaller than the critical potential impact energy values, there was a consistent relationship between the peak impact force and the potential impact energy. When the helmets were impacted under potential impact energies greater than the critical potential impact energy values, the peak impact forces increased steeply with increasing potential impact energy. CONCLUSION: A concept of safety margin for construction helmets based on potential impact energy was introduced to quantify the helmets’ shock absorption performance. The proposed method will help helmet manufacturers improve their product quality. Show more

Keywords: Construction helmet, experiment, impact test, shock protection performance, safety margin

DOI: 10.3233/BME-230173

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 351-363, 2024

Authors: Slavin, Blaire V. | Mirsky, Nicholas A. | Stauber, Zachary M. | Nayak, Vasudev Vivekanand | Smay, James E. | Rivera, Cristobal F. | Mijares, Dindo Q. | Coelho, Paulo G. | Cronstein, Bruce N. | Tovar, Nick | Witek, Lukasz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been successfully utilized as a 3D printed ceramic scaffold in the repair of non-healing bone defects; however, it requires the addition of growth factors to augment its regenerative capacity. Synthetic bone mineral (SBM) is a novel and extrudable carbonate hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions known to facilitate bone healing. However, its efficacy as a 3D printed scaffold for hard tissue defect repair has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility and cell viability of human osteoprecursor (hOP) cells seeded on 3D printed SBM scaffolds via in vitro analysis. METHODS: SBM …and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing and sintered at various temperatures. Scaffolds were then subject to qualitative cytotoxicity testing and cell proliferation experiments utilizing (hOP) cells. RESULTS: SBM scaffolds sintered at lower temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) induced greater levels of acute cellular stress. At higher sintering temperatures (1100 °C), SBM scaffolds showed inferior cellular viability relative to β-TCP scaffolds sintered to the same temperature (1100 °C). However, qualitative analysis suggested that β-TCP presented no evidence of morphological change, while SBM 1100 °C showed few instances of acute cellular stress. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate SBM may be a promising alternative to β-TCP for potential applications in bone tissue engineering. Show more

Keywords: 3D printing, direct inkjet writing, bone regeneration, bioceramics, synthetic bone mineral

DOI: 10.3233/BME-230214

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 365-375, 2024

Authors: Otsuka, Yuta | Indo, Hiroko | Kawashima, Yusuke | Tanaka, Tatsuro | Kono, Hiroshi | Kikuchi, Masafumi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research using panoramic X-ray images using deep learning has been progressing in recent years. There is a need to propose methods that can classify and predict from image information. OBJECTIVE: In this study, Eichner classification was performed on image processing based on panoramic X-ray images. The Eichner classification was based on the remaining teeth, with the aim of making partial dentures. This classification was based on the condition that the occlusal position was supported by the remaining teeth in the upper and lower jaws. METHODS: Classification models were constructed using two convolutional neural network methods: …the sequential and VGG19 models. The accuracy was compared with the accuracy of Eichner classification using the sequential and VGG19 models. RESULTS: Both accuracies were greater than 81%, and they had sufficient functions for the Eichner classification. CONCLUSION: We were able to build a highly accurate prediction model using deep learning scratch sequential model and VGG19. This predictive model will become part of the basic considerations for future AI research in dentistry. Show more

Keywords: Deep learning, classification, panoramic X-ray Image, Eichner classification

DOI: 10.3233/BME-230217

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 377-386, 2024

Authors: Castillo Ortega, María Mónica | Quiroz Castillo, Jesús Manuel | Del Castillo Castro, Teresa | Rodriguez Felix, Dora Evelia | Santacruz Ortega, Hisila del Carmen | Manero, Octavio | Lopez Gastelum, Karla Alejandra | Chan Chan, Lerma Hanaiy | Martinez, Diego Hernandez | Tapia Hernández, Jose Agustin | Plascencia Martínez, Damian Francisco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Polymeric electrospun mats have been used as scaffolds in tissue engineering for the development of novel materials due to its characteristics. The usage of synthetic materials has gone in decline due to environmental problems associated with their synthesis and waste disposal. Biomaterials such as biopolymers have been used recently due to good compatibility on biological applications and sustainability. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to obtain novel materials based on synthetic and natural polymers for applications on tissue engineering. METHODS: Aloe vera mucilage was obtained, chemically characterized, and used as an active compound contained …in electrospun mats. Polymeric scaffolds were obtained in single, coaxial and tri-layer structures, characterized and evaluated in cell culture. RESULTS: Mucilage loaded electrospun fibers showed good compatibility due to formation of hydrogen bonds between polymers and biomolecules from its structure, evidenced by FTIR spectra and thermal properties. Cell viability test showed that most of the obtained mats result on viability higher than 75%, resulting in nontoxic materials, ready to be used on scaffolding applications. CONCLUSION: Mucilage containing fibers resulted on materials with potential use on scaffolding applications due to their mechanical performance and cell viability results. Show more

Keywords: Electrospinning, tissue engineering, Aloe vera, biomaterials

DOI: 10.3233/BME-240050

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 387-399, 2024

Authors: Abdullah, Asmaa Muneam | Ali Hamzah, Adawiya | Al-sharify, Noor T. | Kadhim, Fahad Mohanad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prosthetic foot is an essential component of the prosthetic limb used by people who suffer from amputation. The prosthetic foot or limb is expensive in developing countries and cannot be used by most people with special needs. OBJECTIVE: In this study, an uncomplicated prosthetic foot is designed that can be manufactured at low costs using 3D printer technology and can be provided to a wide range of amputees. The foot was designed using CAD software and analyzed using ANSES. METHODS: Carbon fiber material was chosen to be suitable for the manufacturing process using 3D …printer technology. The selected material was tested in tensile and fatigue tests to determine its mechanical properties. The numerical analysis was carried out assuming the use of an artificial foot by a patient weighing 85 kg. RESULTS: The results showed that the material proposed for manufacturing has good mechanical properties for this application. The results of the engineering analysis also showed that the model has successfully passed the design process and is reliable for use by amputees. CONCLUSION: The success model designed in this study in the numerical analysis process gives reliability to the use of this design to manufacture the prosthetic foot. Show more

Keywords: Stress, deformation, finite element, foot, prosthetic

DOI: 10.3233/BME-240052

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 401-414, 2024