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The aim of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is to contribute to intersciences coupling applied electromagnetics, mechanics and materials. The journal also intends to stimulate the further development of current technology in industry. The main subjects covered by the journal are:
- Physics and mechanics of electromagnetic materials and devices
- Computational electromagnetic in materials and devices
- Applications of electromagnetic fields and forces
The three interrelated key subjects - materials, electromagnetics and mechanics - include the following aspects: control, micromachines, intelligent structure, inverse problem, eddy current analysis, electromagnetic NDE, magnetic materials, magnetoelastic effects in materials, bioelectromagnetics, magnetosolid mechanics, magnetic levitations, applied physics of superconductors, superconducting magnet technology, superconducting propulsion system, nuclear fusion reactor components and wave propagation in electromagnetic fields.
Authors: Long, Cai | Wang, Yuanyuan | Dong, Haoran | Tao, Yu | Ye, Chaofeng
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: It is still a challenging problem to detect small defects for eddy current array probes, which requires the probes to possess excellent sensitivity, as well as high spatial resolution. This paper presents a novel high-resolution magnetic field imaging probe with two rows of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) array sensors. The bare die sensors are integrated on a printed circuit board by golden wire bonding technology. The two rows of sensors are placed staggered with each other. The data of the two arrays are merged into a matrix, in which way the image pixel pitch is increased to 0.25 mm. The probe employs …a differential scheme to suppress the noise, so as to detect the weak signal of small defects. To highlight the weak defect indications, feature extraction and segmentation algorithms are developed. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can inspect a small defect with dimensions 1 mm (length) × 0.1 mm (width) × 0.1 mm (depth) on a stainless-steel sample. Show more
Keywords: Array probe, differential measurement, eddy current testing (ECT), image segmentation, tunneling magnetoresistance sensor
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230115
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Mottola, Vincenzo | Corbo Esposito, Antonio | Piscitelli, Gianpaolo | Tamburrino, Antonello
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this paper we present a first non-iterative imaging method for nonlinear materials, based on Monotonicity Principle. Specifically, we deal with the inverse obstacle problem, where the aim is to retrieve a nonlinear anomaly embedded in linear known background. The Monotonicity Principle (MP) is a general property for various class of PDEs, that has recently generalized to nonlinear elliptic PDEs. Basically, it states a monotone relation between the point-wise value of the unknown material property and the boundary measurements. It is at the foundation of a class of non-iterative imaging methods, characterized by a very low execution time that …makes them ideal candidates for real-time applications. In this work, we develop an inversion method that overcomes some of the peculiar difficulties in practical application of MP to imaging of nonlinear materials, preserving the feasibility for real-time applications. For the sake of clarity, we focus on a specific application, i.e. the Magnetostatic Permeability Tomography where the goal is retrieving the unknown (nonlinear) permeability by boundary measurements in DC operations. This choice is motivated by applications in the inspection of boxes and containers for security. Reconstructions from simulated data prove the effectiveness of the presented method. Show more
Keywords: Monotonicity principle, non-iterative algorithms, magnetostatic permeability tomography, inverse problems, nonlinear materials
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230129
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Tamburrino, Antonello | Mottola, Vincenzo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this work, we present a new non-iterative imaging method for Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT). The problem in ERT is retrieving the spatial behaviour of the electrical conductivity by means of boundary measurements in steady-state conditions. Specifically, the interest is focused on the inverse obstacle problem, that consists in reconstructing the shape, position and dimension of one or more anomalies embedded in a known background. The proposed method, called Kernel Method, is based on the idea that if there exists a current density J n that applied at the boundary ∂ 𝛺 of the domain under investigation …𝛺 produces the same scalar potential (on ∂ 𝛺), with and without anomalies, then the power density corresponding to J n , evaluated on a configuration without anomalies, is vanishing in the region occupied by the latter. The proposed method has a very low computational cost. Indeed, the evaluation of the desired current density J n on ∂ 𝛺 requires a negligible computational effort, and the reconstructions require only one forward problem. Show more
Keywords: Inverse problems, electrical resistance tomography, non-iterative imaging method, NtD
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230167
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Stamou, Georgia | Angelopoulos, Spyridon | Hristoforou, Evangelos
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper presents a portable device based on an Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) sensor for Steel Health Monitoring. The system operates by detecting magnetic anomalies in ferromagnetic materials caused by strain, corrosion, etc. This sensor can have various applications in the transportation, building, and aerospace fields for safety and maintenance monitoring of ferromagnetic materials. In this work, a low-cost device, that combines a high-sensitivity AMR sensor, a microcontroller, and supporting electronics has been designed and implemented. This sensor allows the contactless measurement of the magnetic flux density along three axes, when placed above the material under test, while the microcontroller and …the required electronics enable real-time analysis and monitoring of measurements. In order to house and protect the sensor under various circumstances, a 3D-printed enclosure has also been created. This device can be used along with rehabilitation techniques for treatment of defective areas of an under-test material. Its versatility allows it to be employed in a variety of testing conditions for both single-point and scanning mode monitoring. The device’s portability, ease of use and applicability to on-site measurements make it accessible to a wide range of users, requiring only a personal computer to display the measurements. Finally, measurements are presented to prove the device’s accuracy for steel health monitoring. Show more
Keywords: Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR), magnetic sensor, steel heath monitoring, microcontroller, magnetic anomaly detection
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230137
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2023
Authors: Baskaran, Prashanth | Ramos, Helena Geirinhas | Ribeiro, Artur Lopes
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Probability of Detection (PoD) models, in general, take into consideration one or multiple flaw parameters such as its length, maximum depth, and/or maximum surface area, and one flaw signal. However, due to correlation between the response signals, it might be necessary to consider multiple flaw response signals simultaneously. Hence, in this work, we demonstrate the possibility of including multiple correlated flaw signals, features, towards the construction of a PoD curve. The flaw features considered are the 3 components of the magnetic flux density. This is a simulation based PoD estimation for a narrow opening notch type flaw located in the …sub-surface of a two-layer geometry. The inspection is carried out by an uniform eddy current probe that induces a spatially uniform fields into the conducting space, around the region of interest. The analysis was performed using the semi-analytical boundary element method (BEM). Show more
Keywords: Boundary element method (BEM), electric dipoles, magnetic-electric Green’s functions, Probability of Detection (PoD)
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230134
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Skarlatos, Anastasios | Reboud, Chritophe
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A new approach for the solution of transient eddy-current problems involving pieces with one direction of symmetry is presented. The approach is applicable to pieces with translational or rotational symmetry. A Fourier series decomposition of the solution is introduced in the direction of symmetry, which converts the original 3D numerical problem into a series of independent 2D problems. The decomposition has significant benefits in terms of computational time and numerical noise reduction, and is inherently parallelisable.
Keywords: Transient response, pulsed eddy-current, hybrid formulation, spectral method
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230131
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2023
Authors: Lucia, Oscar | Sarnago, Hector | Guillen, Pablo | Burdío, Jose M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Induction heating is an efficient and high-performance heating method which already has a significant market penetration and economic impact due to its benefits inherent to contactless energy transfer systems such as quickness, cleanness, and safety. Efficiency is a key design parameter since it determines not only the appliance performance but also its environmental impact, with significant socio-political implications. However, it is not easy to determine and compare the actual power converter efficiency operating under highly variable conditions typical of IH. This paper proposes an averaged efficiency parameter elaborated based on technical and typical IH usage conditions that offers a useful …value to compare power converters operating under realistic operation conditions. The proposed parameter has been evaluated in some of the most significant power converter topologies used in reported state-of-the-art induction heating systems. Show more
Keywords: Induction heating, power electronics, efficiency
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230122
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Deng, Jie | Pei, Cuixiang | Zhang, Yuange | Qu, Yinqiang | Deng, Ke | Chen, Hong-En | Chen, Zhenmao
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: It is necessary to detect subsurface defects for a key metallic structural component especially a multilayer coating to ensure its structural integrity. In this paper, an imaging algorithm using the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is developed for processing surface wave signals of array pickup electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to improve its signal-to-noise ratio and detectability of subsurface defects. In addition, an array pickup unit of surface wave EMAT with gap configuration is proposed to receive multi-channel surface wave signals and is optimized by adjusting its coil configuration such as number, spacing and detection distance in order to obtain better …SAFT imaging result. Both simulation and measured EMAT surface wave signals are used for the defect imaging and all the results verified the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method. Show more
Keywords: Updated SAFT, array pickup EMAT, surface wave, subsurface defects
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230148
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Pintér, Bálint | Bingler, Arnold | Bilicz, Sándor | Pávó, József
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this work, a parametric study is carried out on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials to investigate how the spatially varying fiber distribution influences the measured signal in an eddy current testing (ECT) configuration. The measurement setup was modeled using finite element method, while the fiber distribution is taken into account by an inhomogeneous anisotropic conductivity tensor. The study revealed a trade-off relation between the size of the ECT coil and the maximal dynamic range of the ECT signal, which contributes to the understanding of the connection between the fiber arrangement and the ECT signal and provides an opportunity for …optimal ECT coil design. Show more
Keywords: Carbon fiber reinforced plastic, conductivity tensor, eddy current testing, finite element method
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230142
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Mendi-Altube, Amaiur | Villar, Irma | Carretero, Claudio | Acero, Jesús
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper describes the procedure of electromagnetic and thermal modeling of an induction hardening load of 42CrMo4 steel. In addition to the temperature and field level dependent physical properties of the material, the magnetic behavior of the load is captured by means of some kind of non-linear impedance boundary condition which simplifies the computational cost of the simulation. The numerical results show the critical behavior around Curie temperature. Finally, a comparison between several simulation results and experimental measurements are provided to assess the usefulness of the proposed electro-thermal simulation.
Keywords: Induction heating, non-linear load, electro-thermal model, finite elements
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230182
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
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