International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Ma, Yangyang | Li, Yongjian | Chen, Ruiying | Yue, Shuaichao | Sun, He

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the increase in power electronic equipment in power system, the excitation of ferromagnetic materials often involves a large number of harmonics. Therefore, it is necessary to construct an accurate dynamic hysteresis model to adapt to this complicated operating state of electrical equipment. In this paper, a Hybrid Dynamic Hysteresis Model (HDHM), which can effectively characterize the harmonic excitation of materials is studied based on the Preisach model and Stacked Auto-Encoder (SAE) model. The static part of this model takes the form of the inverse Preisach model. And the Multiple Dynamic Hysteresis Model Set (MDHMS) is constructed by multiple dynamic …models of eddy currents and excess characteristics of the ferromagnetic materials. The dynamic part of the HDHM takes the form of the model structure combining the Stacked Auto-encoder and the MDHMS. The calculation results of the hysteresis loop and ferromagnetic loss in the harmonic condition of silicon steel sheet proves the validity of this model. Moreover, compared with the conventional dynamic hysteresis model, the HDHM has better accuracy and generalization ability. Show more

Keywords: Hybrid dynamic hysteresis model, the Preisach model, multiple-model set theory, ferromagnetic materials, iron loss

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220112

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2022

Authors: Ouili, Mehdi | Mehasni, Rabia | Feliachi, Mouloud | Latreche, Mohamed El Hadi

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: In this work, an identification of the electrical conductivity of material 𝜎 was carried out. This is accomplished by formulating and solving an inverse problem based on the minimization of an objective function using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. Such a function represents the difference between the experimentally measured final ejection position and that numerically computed by solving the material magnetic separation problem. For this, the coupled magnetic field and the material dynamic governing equations were numerically solved using the finite element (FE) and Runge–Kutta (RK4) methods. The strong correlation observed between the computed and measured final position of …the separated material verifies the accuracy of the proposed identifying approach. Show more

Keywords: Electrical conductivity, finite element, identification, inverse problem, magnetic separation, particle swarm optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220248

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023

Authors: Zhou, Fengdao | Wang, Jingyi | Wang, Wenxuan | Zhou, Haigen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the electromagnetic detection in the ground-air frequency domain, the receving system converts the magnetic field signal into an electrical signal representing the magnetic field signal. In order to accurately obtain the relationship between the magnetic field signal and the electrical signal, it is necessary to avoid the influence of environment and other factors on the system accuracy through on-site calibration. This requires high calibration accuracy, simple operation, portable equipment and strong adaptability to the environment. However, the existing calibration methods put forward higher requirements for instruments and environment. For example, the calibration of uniform magnetic field generated by Helmholtz …coil needs to shield external magnetic field interference. In this paper, an overall calibration method of measurement system based on magnetic source excitation is proposed to meet the requirements of electromagnetic field accurate measurement in ground-air frequency domain. Firstly, based on the electromagnetic measurement method in ground-air frequency domain, the overall calibration method and principle of the detection system are introduced. Then, based on the computable standard magnetic field generated by the magnetic source transmitting coil, determine the measured voltage obtained by the receiving system, get the calibration coefficient of the receiving system. At last,the source of standard uncertainty related to calibration is analyzed, and the uncertainty is evaluated. In addition, the method is verified by comparing the calibration results with those obtained by Braunbeck coil calibration. Show more

Keywords: Ground-air frequency domain electromagnetic detection, air-core sensor (ACS), magnetic source excitation, calibration

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220197

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2023

Authors: Di, Chong | Bao, Xiaohua | Pan, Jin | Wang, Chunyu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A comprehensive study of a ferrite magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM) for the forklift applications by using open-source platform is introduced in detail in this paper including both modelling and electromagnetic design aspects. On the electromagnetism modelling side, this paper uses Elmer as the core and combines other open-source packages covering the preprocessing, solving, and postprocessing sections to build the finite element model of the FMaSynRM. On the electromagnetic design side of the FMaSynRM, this paper mainly discusses the single-double layer winding arrangement, rotor topology, and demagnetization performance. And the power, efficiency, and current maps of the finalized machine …at different speeds and loads are estimated by the finite element method (FEM) using the open-source platform, which takes different control logics into consideration. Finally, the predicted results by FEM are verified by the tested results. The modelling method by using open-source platform and design procedure of the FMaSynRM presented in this paper can also be used in the design of other electrical machine types in the adjustable speed applications. Show more

Keywords: Open-source platform, finite element method (FEM), ferrite magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM), single-double layer winding

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220086

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2023

Authors: Liang, Shimin | Yang, Guolai | Al-Zahrani, Ahmed | Li, Lei

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: As a new type of permanent magnet arrangement in the eddy current brake (ECB), the Halbach array is gradually gaining attention thanks to its excellent magnetic field utilization. However, the absence of an accurate theoretical model causes great distress in the design phase of the ECB. To tackle this, this article establishes a subdomain model that can intuitively observe the influence of structural and material parameters on the magnetic field and eddy current braking force. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified by the finite element method (FEM). The calculation results show that the eddy current braking force is …the largest when the relative velocity of the primary and secondary reaches the critical velocity value. The recoil equation of motion is introduced to analyze the change law of the braking force under intensive impact load. A small prototype impact test platform was set up to analyze the change of braking characteristics of the ECB under the impact load. To reduce the weight of the ECB, the multi-objective optimization of the ECB parameters is carried out. The vital structural mass of the ECB is reduced by 19.44% while meeting the recoil requirements. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current brake, subdomain model, braking force, intensive impact load, multi-objective optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220138

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2023

Authors: Wu, Jie | Deng, Bingbing | Huang, Hao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper studies on the permanent magnets configuration on the transmission torque of the multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the magnetic circuit models of traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA) and Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA) are established, and the magnetic flux density within the MR fluid working gaps has been derived in order to evaluate the merits of the designed MR coupling. A 3D FE magnetic-fluid analysis has been necessary following the initial conceptual analysis, in order to study the influence of key parameters on the transmission torque. The results show that the transmission …torque of the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array is 33.45% higher than that of the ordinary permanent magnet array, with a same structure size. For the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array, the unilateral magnetic focusing effect is better with the increase of the residual flux density of the secondary magnetic pole as well as the radial length of magnetic pole. And the single side magnetic focusing effect is the best when the main magnetic pole is 15°. The influence of the magnetic pole angle on the transmission torque has been further studied. Show more

Keywords: Multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling, traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA), Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA), permanent magnet, transmission torque

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220227

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2023

Authors: Tong, Yujian | Li, Chong | Fang, Jiwen | Xing, Jichun | Fu, Xiaorui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To increase the output displacement of the linear piezoelectric actuator, a linear piezoelectric actuator with large displacement and three operation modes is proposed. The operating principle of the piezoelectric actuator is presented. The magnification factor of the displacement amplification mechanism is deduced and verified by finite element analysis. To improve the output precision of the actuator, a feedforward PID control model is established. Based on the experimental test platform, the output characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator are tested. Results show the maximum output displacement of the piezoelectric actuator is 558.3 μm under a driving voltage of 150 V with two piezoelectric stacks. …When the driving frequencies are less than 3 Hz, the control accuracy of feedforward PID is higher than that of PID, and the error between the measured displacement and the ideal value is less than 10% after applying the control to the piezoelectric actuator. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric actuator, large displacement, modeling, feedforward PID, experiments

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220232

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-23, 2023

Authors: Zhao, Lei | Liu, Chengcheng | Wang, Youhua | Yang, Yiming

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the effect of higher harmonics on magnetic properties under actual complex operating conditions, the accurate calculation of core losses of soft magnetic composites (SMC) is complicated. First, this paper improves the existing SMC model by introducing a correction factor to correct the hysteresis loss coefficient so that the model can consider the local variation characteristics of the magnetic density waveform and then calculate the core loss under different harmonic excitation. Then, the influence of skin effect and inhomogeneous flux density within the ring sample model is analyzed. Finally, to validate the improved model, it is compared with other …models in the reference based on experimental measurements, respectively. The results show that the core loss calculated by the improved model is closer to the experimental results under different harmonic excitations. In addition, the applicability of the improved SMC model under triangular and square wave excitations is also verified by the derivation of the equations. Show more

Keywords: Soft magnetic composite (SMC), finite element models, non-sinusoidal excitation, correction factor, core loss

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220280

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2023

Authors: Liu, Shiyang | Cheng, Yonggui | Jin, Yuchen | Liu, Jianlin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic field driven robots have a wide spectrum of applications in many areas, such as in biomedical experiment, surgical tools, aerospace and mechanical engineering. In the present study, we make a comprehensive investigation on the deformation and motion of a mesh shaped robot controlled by the magnet. First we have prepared the matrix material of the robot, which is a mixture of silica gel and NdFeB powders. Then the deformation and motion of the robot driven by the magnet are recorded, and the warping and arching configurations are analyzed. The experimental phenomena have been compared with the numerical simulation and …theoretical analysis, and the results are in excellent agreement. These findings are beneficial to engineer new types of intelligent robots, as well as to put them in various industrial settings. Show more

Keywords: Mesh shaped robot, magnetic field, warping deformation, locomotion, dimensional analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220244

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2023

Authors: Yu, Caofeng | Yang, Kun | Xiao, Zhihao | Wei, Yijun | Tao, Xuefeng | Wu, Gan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Studying the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of multi-field coupling of the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) is one of the main ways to improve its output performance. Because of the problem that its multi-field coupling nonlinear dynamic characteristics are difficult to accurately describe, the multi-field coupled nonlinear dynamic model of GMA and two-dimensional micro-positioning workbench is established according to the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model, magnetostrictive model, hysteresis nonlinear magnetic equation and the structural dynamics principle of GMA, respectively. The influence of equivalent damping coefficient, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent mass on the dynamic characteristics of each model is analyzed, and finally, the constructed model …and the obtained law are experimentally verified. The results show that the displacement curve calculated by the model is consistent with the experimentally measured displacement curve, the influence of the equivalent damping coefficient, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent mass on the dynamic characteristics of the model measured by the experiment is consistent with the simulation analysis results, and the maximum error of the output displacement is 1.779 um, which verifies the correctness of the model. The research results provide a theoretical basis for improving the dynamic characteristics of GMA and improving the output performance of two-dimensional micro-positioning workbenches. Show more

Keywords: GMA, two-dimensional micro-positioning workbench, multi-physics, hysteresis is nonlinear, dynamic model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220283

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2023