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The aim of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is to contribute to intersciences coupling applied electromagnetics, mechanics and materials. The journal also intends to stimulate the further development of current technology in industry. The main subjects covered by the journal are:
- Physics and mechanics of electromagnetic materials and devices
- Computational electromagnetic in materials and devices
- Applications of electromagnetic fields and forces
The three interrelated key subjects - materials, electromagnetics and mechanics - include the following aspects: control, micromachines, intelligent structure, inverse problem, eddy current analysis, electromagnetic NDE, magnetic materials, magnetoelastic effects in materials, bioelectromagnetics, magnetosolid mechanics, magnetic levitations, applied physics of superconductors, superconducting magnet technology, superconducting propulsion system, nuclear fusion reactor components and wave propagation in electromagnetic fields.
Authors: Desenfans, Philip | Gong, Zifeng | Vanoost, Dries | Gryllias, Konstantinos | Boydens, Jeroen | De Gersem, Herbert | Pissoort, Davy
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This work compares three nonlinear solution methods for the performance of an induction motor’s magnetic equivalent circuit model with magnetic saturation. The interrelation between magnetic flux density and permeability introduces nonlinearities in the differential system of equations. Three popular nonlinear solution methods are selected for comparison, namely (i) the Gauss–Seidel method, (ii) the Newton–Raphson method and (iii) the inverse Broyden’s method. While all three methods have been applied in this context before, no comparison study has been published to the authors’ best knowledge. The study finds that the inverse Broyden’s method is most performant in terms of the number of …required iterations, the computation time per iteration and the resulting total computation time. However, for substantial saturation levels, the authors recommend a hybrid implementation of multiple solution methods to obtain robust and reliable convergence. Show more
Keywords: Magnetic equivalent circuit, nonlinear, induction motor, saturation, Gauss–Seidel, Newton–Raphson, inverse Broyden
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230237
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Yu, Caofeng | Yang, Kun | Peng, Jingjing | Wei, Yijun | Shen, Gang | Li, Baokun
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A coaxially integrated macro-micro composite actuator (MMCA) with large stroke and high accuracy is proposed by combining a voice coil motor (VCM) with the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA). The magnetic circuit model of the macro-motion part is established based on the driving principle of VCM, and the multi-field coupling model of the micro-motion part is established based on the Jiles-Atherton model. The finite element method was used to analyze the relationship between displacement, output force, velocity, acceleration, and time of the macro-motion part under different currents, the magnetic flux density, output force, and displacement curves of the micro-motion part, and …the mutual influence between the macro and micro motion parts were analyzed. The prototype of the MMCA was developed, and an experimental test platform was built. The results show that the MMCA macro-motion displacement curve can fit the simulation curve well during open-loop positioning, and when the current size of the input macro-motion coil is 4 A, the experimental curve of the MMCA is the most consistent with the simulation curve. When closed-loop control, the motion curve of the drive can well follow the set displacement curve, in which the maximum stroke of the prototype developed is 50 mm, the positioning error of the macro-motion part is less than 20 μm, the maximum stroke of the micro-motion part is 40 μm, and the overall positioning accuracy of the MMCA is 0.14 μm. The research results provide a new idea and theoretical basis for further optimization and development of precision positioning platform with high precision and large stroke. Show more
Keywords: Finite element analysis, macro-micro composite actuator, positioning accuracy, precision motion workbench
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230236
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2024
Authors: Abdi, Ammar | Barakat, Georges | Ouazir, Youcef | Amara, Yacine
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this work, a 3D analytical magnetic model based on hybridation of the sub-domain’s method and the image’s theory to compute magnetic field and translational motion eddy current in the conducting plate of the Halbach permanent magnet induction heater planar topology is developed. The main objective is to remedy the problem of the transverse edge effect, and hence improving the efficiency of analytical model and the accuracy of results. The developed model also allows fast and precise simulations of 3D magnetic phenomena, and presents an important reduction in computation time compared to 3D finite element simulations.
Keywords: Eddy currents, 3D analytical solution, permanent magnet, induction heating, transverse edge effect, Halbach arrangement
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230256
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Yang, Guangxin | Pan, Jiabao | Wang, Daoming
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: Magnetorheological materials refer to field-response smart materials whose properties are controllable with a magnetic field, including fluid, grease, elastomer, and gel. The unique magnetorheological effect exhibited by these smart materials is a physical phenomenon where physics and engineering intersect and has extensive application prospects in modern machinery. In electro-mechanical systems, magnetorheological materials offer a superior design method for mechanical devices used in the fields of transmission, damping, and braking. It is important to control the magnetorheological materials for advancing the design philosophy of modern electro-mechanical devices. Hence, this paper presents a recent progressive review on the fundamentals of magnetorheological materials …and numerous applications. Firstly, an introduction to the magnetorheological effect and different types of magnetorheological materials are presented in this review. Then, the individual and coupled effects of sedimentation, temperature, and magnetic field on magnetorheological materials are discussed. Finally, magnetorheological materials-based devices have been extensively reviewed, including actuator, clutch, damper, brake, pump, valve, and robot, thus aiming to provide useful information for facilitating the design of complex electro-mechanical systems. Show more
Keywords: Magnetorheological materials, magnetorheological effect, stability, reliability
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230195
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-37, 2024
Authors: Boukhenoufa, Farouk | Ikhlef, Nabil | Aomar, Lyes | Hacib, Tarik
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Toroidal transformers are designed using a circular core instead of the traditional laminated rectangular core, which reduces inductance losses and increases efficiency. The primary goal of this study is to understand the cooling mechanisms involved in electrical transformers, which are critical components in power systems. Steady electromagnetic, fluid flow and temperature equations are simultaneously solved (direct method) using the finite elements method FEM of a shielded toroidal transformer. The paper focuses on creating a direct-coupled model (DCM) to understand the processes involved in electrical transformers cooling, using Magneto-AeroDynamic (MAD) models. The nonlinear models developed will be implemented and validated in …this parametric study for different inlet velocities and the number of outlet. Transformers generate heat during operation, and it’s important to control the temperature to prevent overheating and ensure reliable operation. Show more
Keywords: Shielded toroidal transformer, magneto-aerodynamic, direct-coupled model (DCM), parametric study
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230243
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Pauli, Florian | Hafner, Martin | Hameyer, Kay
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The accurate and time-saving prediction of essential machine variables (output power, torque, and efficiency) is crucial for manufacturers offering a wide power range of induction machines. Many motor variants are typically produced by axially scaling and rewinding the machine. Rescaling procedures of electromagnetic models of induction machines are in everyday use and well known. However, while a high accuracy can be achieved by rescaling in theory, more significant deviations between simulated and measured output parameters of the realized scaled device occur in praxis. These deviations can mainly be attributed to the faulty separation of effects in the distinct machine components, …such as the rotor, stator, and bearings. This paper introduces an optimization-aided modeling approach based on the induction machine’s simple equivalent circuit representation. The method is validated by measurement data obtained from many induction machines with various axial lengths and winding configurations. Show more
Keywords: Induction machine, scaling
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230216
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Witczak, Pawel | Osinski, Piotr
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The article discusses the impact of reactive power load on additional power losses in a high-power transformer operating at a VAr static compensation station. The presence of an almost pure capacitive load on the secondary side together with the thyristor switches is the cause of high-frequency components in the phase currents. The additional effect of electrical resonance between the transformer inductance and the load capacitance is also taken into account. The analysis is achieved using a three-dimensional finite element approach.
Keywords: Power transformer, capacitance load, eddy currents, power losses, finite element method
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230202
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Bensehila, Aissa | Bouzidi, Athmane | Takorabet, Noureddine | Ristagno, Baptiste
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper presents a parametric study of linear induction motor for design purpose. The chosen mathematical model uses a 2D formulation with magnetic vector potential A. The implementation of the model is carried out with the finite element method on the free platform Gmsh-GetDP. Circuit model is coupled to FE model so that constant voltage supply mode can be considered. This work aims to highlight the effect of the pole pair number on the characteristics and the performances of the linear induction machine through two numerical models associated to an analytical one. Furthermore, the study shows the effect of the …pole pair number on the phase imbalance and the spatial harmonic spectrum of the machine. Reducing this imbalance and higher order harmonics presence will increase machine performances. Show more
Keywords: Linear induction motor, phases imbalance, space harmonics, analytical models, FEM, EEC, pole pair number
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230244
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Heya, Akira | Inoue, Tsuyoshi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Liquid hydrogen turbopumps are used in large high-performance rockets. Stable high-speed rotation is required for rocket turbopumps. The damping mechanism of the pump must suppress vibration not only in the radial direction but also in the axial direction. However, conventional damping elements using oil or rubber cannot be used due to the cryogenic temperature of liquid hydrogen. Therefore, the application of eddy current dampers to liquid hydrogen turbopumps is focused on in this paper. Although various structures of eddy current dampers have been developed, the multi-degree-of-freedom damping characteristics of dual Halbach array type eddy current dampers for liquid hydrogen turbopumps …have not yet been investigated. The variation of damping characteristics with temperature has also not yet been verified. In this paper, we propose a novel dual Halbach array type eddy current damper for liquid hydrogen turbopumps. The proposed damper can generate high damping force and can be operated maintenance-free at the cryogenic temperature. The analysis results show that the damping characteristics strongly depend on temperature and that the amplitude reduction effect is greater at low temperatures. It was also found that the proposed damper has a higher damping force density than conventional dampers. Show more
Keywords: Eddy current damper, magnetic damper, dual Halbach array, cryogenic environment, turbopump
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230258
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Sato, Daisuke | Kitagawa, Wataru | Takeshita, Takaharu
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper proposes a method to reduce torque ripple in axial gap motors by multi objective optimization of permanent magnets (PMs) shape using genetic algorithm (GA). Torque ripple is a problem because it causes vibration and noise. Conventionally, torque ripple has been reduced by quantitatively designing the PMs in the shape of multiplicative wave. However, it is difficult to optimize the objective function only by quantitative evaluation through sensitivity analysis. Therefore, in this study, the functions constituting the PMs interface shape are expressed as a Fourier-based series. The PMs is optimized by optimizing combination of their coefficients with GA. As …a result, the proposed model is almost equal to the average torque of the basic model and the torque ripple is significantly reduced. Furthermore, fillets are applied and the effect on each characteristic is verified. Show more
Keywords: Axial gap motor, torque ripple, genetic algorithm, magnet shape, Fourier-based series
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230229
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Bonnard, Charles-Henri | Jamshidpour, Ehsan | Fontchastagner, Julien | Didier, Gaëtan | Zandi, Hamidreza | Takorabet, Noureddine
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper aims to improve the efficiency, affordability, and safety of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) devices. While wireless inductive charging is common in devices like smartphones, charging electric vehicles presents significant challenges due to high frequency electromagnetic fields that can be dangerous for users and those nearby. Current systems are expensive due to the use of specialized materials and components. By developing WPT systems with drastically reduced frequency levels, this research has the potential to significantly impact the widespread adoption of affordable, safe, and efficient WPT devices for high-power applications like electric vehicle charging. In fact, using lower frequencies allows …us to build WPT systems with far less expensive materials, e.g. no need of Litz wires and ferrites that can be replaced by single core copper wires and classical magnetic steels. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through simulation using MATLAB Simulink® and experimental tests. The results indicate that it is possible to maintain good performance, reduce limitations and costs, and improve user acceptance of WPT systems by considerably lowering the frequency of electromagnetic fields that are classically used in such systems. Show more
Keywords: Wireless energy transfer, Inductive Power Transfer (IPT), Electric Vehicles (EVs), wireless charging system, resonant coupling
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230239
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Hamidouche, Rayane | Mezani, Smail | Lubin, Thierry | Hamiti, Tahar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper deals with the design and test of a contactless capacitive power converter operating at a frequency of 1 MHz, intended to supply the excitation winding of an 80 kW wound rotor synchronous machine. The methodology integrates the electromagnetic design of the rotor and its impact on the different parameters of the converter. To verify the validity of the concept, a first prototype was built by using surface-mounted capacitors grounded on the structure of a 1 MHz Class E resonant power converter. Then, a more representative capacitive contactless coupler was designed and implemented. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results …have shown the limits of the proposed contactless power transmission. Special attention was paid on losses and efficiency which are crucial for this application. Show more
Keywords: Contactless power converter, capacitive power transfer, wound rotor synchronous machine, high-frequency class E converter
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230245
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Mysiński, Michał | Jędryczka, Cezary | Demenko, Andrzej | Macyszyn, Łukasz
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The paper presents the results of research on the spatial distribution of the multi-phase, distributed windings in electric machines. The focus was on the analysis of the harmonics of the current linkage spatial distributions. To perform calculations for different windings patterns, taking into account the number of phases, pole pairs, and the number q of slots per pole and phase, the dedicated code was developed in the Matlab environment. Nine different multi-phase windings were studied, for which magnetomotive force (MMF ) was determined to investigate the harmonic content and total harmonic distortion. The obtained results were compared with a …reference three-phase symmetric system. Studies were also carried out on torque ripple and power density for different numbers of winding phases. Show more
Keywords: Multi-phase electrical machines, current linkage harmonics, finite element method, THD
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230242
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Zhu, Junda | Barmada, Sami | Ceraolo, Massimo | Fontana, Nunzia | Musolino, Antonino
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this article, a magnetic shield for automotive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems is proposed. Its innovative feature consists in the positioning of the shield, that is part of the Ground Assembly (GA) of the WPT system. Passive coils, assembled in an array-like structure to build the shields properly located near the transmitting coils are investigated. Currently, there are a variety of shielding methods, each of them with its peculiar feature. The proposed method is simple and does not increase the transmitting and the receiving coil sizes, a constraint that is often critical from a practical and an economical point …of view. The main characteristic of the proposed shielding method is the location of the shielding coils on the same level as the GA. The results here presented are validated by Finite Element (FE) based simulations and are referred to an experimental prototype of wireless charging systems for electric vehicles operating at 85 kHz with a transmitted nominal power of 3.3 kW. The results show that the proposed shield reduces the leakage magnetic flux density in the system up to 37% with a marginal impact on the transmission efficiency, complying the SAE J2954 international standard. Show more
Keywords: Resonant coil matrix, shielding, wireless power transfer
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230207
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Bergfried, Christian | Späck-Leigsnering, Yvonne | Seebacher, Roland | Eickhoff, Heinrich | Muetze, Annette
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Finite element models of electrical machines allow insights in electrothermal stresses which endanger the insulation system of the machine. This paper presents a thermal finite element model of a 3.7 kW squirrel-cage induction machine. The model resolves the conductors and the surrounding insulation materials in the stator slots. A set of transient thermal scenarios is defined and measured in the machine laboratory. These data are used to assess the finite element model.
Keywords: Finite element method, electrical machines, insulation system, thermal stresses, numerical field simulation
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230233
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Roger, Daniel | Rossi, Mathieu | Komeza, Krzysztof | Napieralska, Ewa | Cambier, Jérôme
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This article proposes a design of windings for medium-frequency transformers (MFTs) at the heart of high-power Solid-State Transformers (SSTs). With aluminum interleaved foils of the correct thicknesses, it is possible to obtain low winding losses and a very low leakage inductance well adapted to high-power SSTs able to operate in the medium-voltage grid (5–20 kV). The MFT equivalent resistance and leakage inductance are determined using an analytical model based on Dowell’s hypotheses. Several interleaved winding configurations are analyzed and compared to the standard structure made of two concentric foil coils. The experimental validation is made with short-circuit tests of an MFT …fed by a low-level square voltage source at several kHz, which can provide the necessary high current. Show more
Keywords: Solid-State Transformer (SST), medium frequency transformer (MFT), aluminum-foil winding, grain oriented electrical steel (GOES) wound core
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230404
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Aomar, Lyes | Ikhelef, Nabil | Taibi, Ahmed
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the fundamentals of an original method of shaft alignment for rotating machines based on the principle of wireless power transfer (WPT) process. WPT alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than existing methods (conventional mechanical methods or Laser-optical method) and can result in reduced power consumption and minimized mean time between failures. Shaft alignment is an important factor in the proper functioning and longevity of machinery. Proper shaft alignment ensures that the rotating shafts of a machine are in a straight line and rotate on the same axis. …This contributes to reducing the wear and tear on the bearings and other components of the machine, leading to improved reliability and longer service life. A high precision WPT alignment system has been designed with the primary coil placed in the driver machine, as an electrical motor, and the secondary coil placed in the driven machine, as a pump. The calculation of the magnetic interactions between both coils (primary and secondary coils), in particular the mutual inductance and coupling coefficient, perfectly explains deviations in the shaft (angular misalignment and parallel offset) and aligns entirely with measurement results, with a difference of approximately 4%. This new alignment method with magnetic interactions has proven effective in designing and implementing actual shaft alignment. WPT alignment offers precise shaft alignment tools for proper alignment of shafts and reduces troubleshooting issues. Show more
Keywords: Coupling coefficient, magnetic interactions, mutual inductance, shaft alignment, wireless power transfer
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230235
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Zhang, Yang | Kong, Wanqi | Luo, Jiming | Mu, Yanlong | Li, Ting | Decker, Duane
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: As one sort of flux modulation machine based on magnetic gear effect, field-modulated machine features with low speed large torque. A novel hybrid excitation field-modulated machine (HEFMM) is proposed by introducing the concept of hybrid excitation, the flux modulation poles (FMPs) and excitation winding of which are emplaced in stator teeth and the adjacent FMPs. It can be maintained wide speed range operation through the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening with no increasing machine bulk, as well as the numbers of stator and rotor slot. The working principle of proposed machine is deeply studied, as well as basic electromagnetic characteristics …are calculated by finite element method, including no-load magnetic flux linkage, no-load back electromotive force, cogging torque and output torque. In addition, the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening are analyzed. Finally, one prototype with one kilowatt was built and its static characteristics were tested. The results show that the proposed HEFMM has the features of high torque density, small cogging torque and wide speed range, which is promising candidate for electric vehicle direct drive field. Show more
Keywords: Vernier machine, magnetic field regulation, hybrid excitation, wide speed range
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220288
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Zuidema, Gerlof | Krop, Dave C.J. | Lomonova, Elena A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A multiple-input and multiple-output planar actuator is proposed, which utilizes mechanically driven stator magnet arrays to levitate a permanent magnet mover. A state of levitation and actuation is obtained by mechanically altering the orientation of the stator magnets to control the forces and torques on the mover. A challenge for the design and control of the actuator is inverting the relationship between the force and stator magnet rotation angles, as there is no closed-form analytical solution. In this study, a feed-forward neural network is applied to model the forward relation between stator magnet angle input and a force and torque …output to reduce the forward computation time for the design process and for error estimation in real-time applications. Additionally, the neural network is considered for inverting the solution for a motion profile sampled at 1000 Hz. The developed forward model is able to calculate the forces and torques on the mover a factor 10 faster than the equivalent charge or Fourier model with an absolute error of 3 mN and 0.1 mNm for the forces and torques, respectively, and a feed-forward neural network is able to accurately learn an inverse solution for small motion profiles. Show more
Keywords: Magnetic levitation, permanent magnets, inverse problem, neural network
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230221
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Wang, Yi Duan | Yang, Guo Lai | Wu, Qing Le
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: As a new type of braking method, the eddy current brake (ECB) is nowadays widely applied in life and military. The ECB can generate the strong resistance by the magnetic field, and obtaining the accurate magnetic induction distribution is essential in the ECB modeling. This paper proposes an analytical model of a cylinder ECB used in the artillery that operates under the intense impact load. This model takes the axial edge effects into consideration in both static and dynamic conditions. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and working principle of this ECB. Secondly, a multilayer theory with virtual region is …proposed to calculate the magnetic induction distribution considering the end effect. Thirdly, Finite Element Method (FEM) model is established to describe the spatial variation of the magnetic field in different conditions. Finally, the analytical model is compared with the FEM model to prove its validity and predict the working characteristic of the ECB under the intense impact load, the max recoil displacement and speed range both meet design and work requirements. Show more
Keywords: Analytical model, eddy current brake, multilayer theory, axial edge effect
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230157
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Lv, Pin | Ma, Haotian | Su, Xunwen | Xu, Donghui | Liu, Ziyang | Liu, Lulu
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In order to weaken the torque ripple caused by cogs torque and increase the output torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Improved Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (IMOSSA) and Spearman correlation analysis. Firstly, the improved strategy of Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Algorithm (MOSSA) was proposed, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm was further verified by the performance test of the algorithm. Then, the motor simulation model was established, and the high correlation parameters were filtered out by Spearman correlation analysis. The response surface model was established …by Response Surface Method (RSM), and the regression equation was given. The IMOSSA was used for iterative optimization. Through optimization, the experimental results show that under the premise of meeting the efficiency design requirements, the average output torque of the motor is increased by 21.35%, the torque ripple and cogging torque are reduced by 45.04% and 39.17% respectively, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Show more
Keywords: Permanent magnet motor, multi-objective optimization, spearman correlation analysis, Improve Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Algorithm
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230121
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Yue, Qiming | Yang, Panpan | Li, Zixuan | Wen, Yongshuang | Zhang, Leian
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The critical speed of eddy current braking is a vital parameter in the design of eddy current braking devices. Currently, most simulations and experiments are used to determine the critical speed, which means a lot of time costs. This paper presents two laws of critical speed variation to help designers more quickly determine the critical speed of a particular eddy current braking device. At first, the structure and the critical speed principle of permanent magnet rotary eddy current brake (PMRECB) are described. Secondly, the finite element analysis is used to verify the accuracy of the two laws. Finally, the validity …of the finite element model is confirmed by the eddy current braking test. Show more
Keywords: Permanent magnet rotary eddy current brake (PMRECB), conductor plate conductivity, PMRECB size, critical speed, finite element analysis
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230292
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Wei, Yanqun | Zhang, Jingjing | Hu, Qiang | Ma, Lizhen | Yao, Zeen | Yang, Jing | Jin, Lian | Yao, Qinggao
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: As one of the key components of synchrotron injection and extraction system, the perturbation of the beam generated by the septum magnet in the non-deflection direction will directly affect the orbit matching of the injected and extracted beam. Reducing the leakage field during the development of the septum magnet is a crucial one. Based on the theory of electromagnetic field, the leakage field analysis of septum magnet was carried out by using the electromagnetic field analysis software-Opera. In order to reduce the leakage field, the variation of the leakage field with different shielding structures were analyzed, and the shielding structure …was optimized by using the parametric scanning finite element numerical calculation optimization method. Eventually, a leakage field shielding structure with multilayer metal plate combination was proposed, which significantly reduced the leakage field of the septum magnet. Furthermorethe magnetic field and leakage field were measured by using the Hall probe, and the measurement results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. Show more
Keywords: Septum magnet, leakage field, magnetic shielding, structural design, optimization analysis
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230078
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Zhao, Shuai | Xu, Xinjun | Bi, Yaxuan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Taking the surface profile of C45 steel grinding as the research object, a two-dimensional finite element contact model of rough surface and smooth rigid surface was established by using ANSYS software, and the stress distribution characteristics and rules of contact surface were analyzed under 0–10 MPa normal load. On this basis, the force-magnetic coupling model was established by using ANSYS APDL language. Furthermore, the influence of stress under on leakage magnetic field of contact surface under different load conditions was studied. The results indicated that according to the zero-crossing point of the normal component of the leakage magnetic field or the …extreme point of the tangential component, the number of stress concentrations on the contact surface and the stress level of the corresponding area can be effectively determined. This innovative approach offers valuable insights for future studies on surface contact stress distribution between components. Show more
Keywords: Rough surface, surface contact property, finite element method, stress-magnetization effect
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230407
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Zhao, Hanyu | Zhang, Yueyue | Tu, Jianjian | Zheng, Fan | Li, Jiale
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The coupling of magnetic, thermal and structural force fields exists in the design, manufacture and operation of the magnetic core of transformer and motor, which makes the experimental data obtained from the standard magnetic properties measurement inconsistent with the actual problem. In order to obtain the magnetic properties measurement data of soft magnetic materials such as electrical steel sheet under multiple physical factors, the magnetic circuit structure was improved on the basis of the standard single sheet tester. At the same time, anti-bending clips made of polyether ether ketone were installed in order to prevent the bending deformation of the …sample sheet during the application of tensile stress which would lead to uneven force. Then0 this basic structure of the tester under the coupling of temperature and stress is designed. In order to further improve the excitation performance of the tester and the magnetization uniformity of the sample, combined with COMSOL and MATLAB co-simulation, adaptive genetic algorithm was used to optimize the size of the yoke and excitation coil, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution in the measurement area of the sample. Finally, by combining simulation and specific experiments, the loss measurement results of a single sheet tester under different ambient temperatures and different stresses are studied, which proves that the tester is feasible and accurate, and the variation law of complex magnetic characteristics of electrical steel sheets under multiple physical fields is summarized. Show more
Keywords: Single sheet tester, multiple physical factors, adaptive genetic algorithm, COMSOL, MATLAB
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230162
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
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