International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 72, issue 3

Authors: Yu, Caofeng | Yang, Kun | Xiao, Zhihao | Wei, Yijun | Tao, Xuefeng | Wu, Gan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Studying the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of multi-field coupling of the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) is one of the main ways to improve its output performance. Because of the problem that its multi-field coupling nonlinear dynamic characteristics are difficult to accurately describe, the multi-field coupled nonlinear dynamic model of GMA and two-dimensional micro-positioning workbench is established according to the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model, magnetostrictive model, hysteresis nonlinear magnetic equation and the structural dynamics principle of GMA, respectively. The influence of equivalent damping coefficient, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent mass on the dynamic characteristics of each model is analyzed, and finally, the constructed model …and the obtained law are experimentally verified. The results show that the displacement curve calculated by the model is consistent with the experimentally measured displacement curve, the influence of the equivalent damping coefficient, equivalent stiffness, and equivalent mass on the dynamic characteristics of the model measured by the experiment is consistent with the simulation analysis results, and the maximum error of the output displacement is 1.779 um, which verifies the correctness of the model. The research results provide a theoretical basis for improving the dynamic characteristics of GMA and improving the output performance of two-dimensional micro-positioning workbenches. Show more

Keywords: GMA, two-dimensional micro-positioning workbench, multi-physics, hysteresis is nonlinear, dynamic model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220283

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 219-236, 2023

Authors: Liu, Shiyang | Cheng, Yonggui | Jin, Yuchen | Liu, Jianlin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic field driven robots have a wide spectrum of applications in many areas, such as in biomedical experiment, surgical tools, aerospace and mechanical engineering. In the present study, we make a comprehensive investigation on the deformation and motion of a mesh shaped robot controlled by the magnet. First we have prepared the matrix material of the robot, which is a mixture of silica gel and NdFeB powders. Then the deformation and motion of the robot driven by the magnet are recorded, and the warping and arching configurations are analyzed. The experimental phenomena have been compared with the numerical simulation and …theoretical analysis, and the results are in excellent agreement. These findings are beneficial to engineer new types of intelligent robots, as well as to put them in various industrial settings. Show more

Keywords: Mesh shaped robot, magnetic field, warping deformation, locomotion, dimensional analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220244

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 237-252, 2023

Authors: Abdelmoneim, Mohamed | Eldabe, Nabil Tawfik | Abouzeid, Mohamed Yahya | Ouaf, Mahmoud E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, we focused on the heat transfer through a uniformly inclined rectangular duct caused by the electro-osmotic peristaltic flow of an unsteady non-Newtonian nanofluid. With couple stress, the fluid obeys the Papanastasiou model. The flow is through a porous medium that follows Darcy’s law in a modified form. In addition, Dufour and Soret effects, mixed convection, the impacts of a chemical reaction, and the effects of viscous couple stress dissipation are all considered. The governing equations that explain the velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles are simplified when wave transformation is used. The homotopy perturbation method was used …to solve these equations analytically. Additionally, a collection of figures is used to discuss and visually illustrate the consequences of the physical characteristics. In fact, the modified Darcy’s law makes the velocity gradient appear in the momentum equation, which increases the contribution of the velocity gradient to the velocity profile. In addition, the electro-osmotic parameter and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity have a significant impact on the velocity gradient’s direction, as well as the velocity gradient’s ability to be either positive or negative, depending on their values. In addition, in the case of forced convection, the values of the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are highly affected by the value of Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity. The current findings have applications in biology and medicine, particularly in cancer therapy, which involves peristaltic blood pumps(arteries) and suspended gold nanoparticles (nanofluid). According to our knowledge, no prior studies have merged the couple stress Papanastasiou model and the modified Darcy’s law. Show more

Keywords: Non-Newtonian fluid, nanofluid, peristaltic flow, electro-osmotic flow, modified Darcy’s law

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220287

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 253-277, 2023

Authors: Lv, Pin | Li, Mingjun | Su, Xunwen | Cheng, Lushuai | Ma, Haotian | Yang, Ying | Wang, Haoming | Zhai, Yuelin | Wang, Kaixuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: For compensating the gap of present investigations, which did not consider the effect of skin depth before, a novel method is also proposed to obtain the eddy current force. At the beginning, the separating principle of eddy current separator (ECS) is given. Then, based on boundary conditions and the eddy current equations, the internal magnetic flux density, eddy current density and eddy current force density of non-ferrous metal are deduced. By calculating the double integral of eddy current density, the internal eddy current of non-ferrous metal is achieved. The theoretical calculation method (TCM) for solving the eddy current force in …the process of non-ferrous metal sorting is proposed. Moreover, to verify the correctness of TCM, taking 24-pole and 30-pole magnetic roller as examples, the finite element models of static and transient magnetic field are established respectively. Additionally, the correctness of TCM is proven by finite element method (FEM) when the x -axis and y -axis component of eddy current force is calculated. At the end, by the theoretical analysis and derivation derived in this paper, based on the relationship between the relative position of N and S poles of the magnetic roller and non-ferrous metal, the internal eddy current force are analyzed by the consistency between the direction of the internal magnetic flux density and the eddy current of non-ferrous metal. The influence of the size relationship between the non-ferrous metal and a single magnetic pole on the separation effect is discussed. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current force, eddy current separator, eddy current density, eddy current force density, non-ferrous metal

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220143

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 279-306, 2023

Authors: Meng, Lingxiao | Shi, Wenze | Lu, Chao | Chen, Guo | Qiu, Fasheng | Zhu, Ying | Liu, Yuan | Guo, Shuanglin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In high-temperature continuous forging process, according to the real-time monitoring of workpiece thickness and flaws, the processing parameters can be adjusted accordingly, so we can remove defective components in time, which has essential research value for avoiding the interruption of production line and improving their yield and quality grade. We established a finite element (FE) model of the carbon steel’s laser-electromagnetic acoustic transducer (laser-EMAT) testing process. Based on the simulation model, we analyzed the effects of laser parameters, EMAT parameters, and sample thickness on the detected ultrasonic signal amplitude, and we also achieved the optimized Laser-EMAT design parameters. Subsequently, we …developed a high-temperature resistant spiral coil EMAT and measured the high-temperature forging with a thickness of 100 mm and temperatures from 300 °C to 730 °C. Based on the experiments, we researched the effect of specimen temperature on the received ultrasonic wave amplitude. The results show that the excitation efficiency of laser-induced ultrasonic waves improves by decreasing pulse duration, decreasing laser spot radius, and increasing pulse laser energy. The receiving efficiency of the shear wave (SW) detected by the EMAT enhances when reducing the diameter of the EMAT wire and increasing the permanent magnet height. When the radius of the permanent magnet is equal to the radius of the EMAT coil, the receiving efficiency of SW is the highest. As the sample thickness increases, the size of the EMAT should increase accordingly to the acoustic beam divergence for obtaining a higher ultrasonic wave intensity. The amplitude of the SW signal received by the EMAT increases by 679% after the optimization design. With rising carbon steel forging temperature, the SW signal amplitude increases first and then decreases sharply, reaching its maximum at 617 °C, which is 29% higher than at room temperature, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SW is 20.5 dB. Show more

Keywords: High temperature forgings, EMAT, laser methods, ultrasonics, energy conversion efficiency

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230003

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 307-325, 2023