International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Li, Ming | An, Yuejun | Zhang, Zhiheng | Deng, Wenyu | Wang, Guangyu | Qi, Lijun | Kong, Xiangling | Bi, Delong | Shi, Yong | Zhu, Sheng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Canned induction motors fed by inverters are widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical, and nuclear fields. It is necessary to analyse the effect of time harmonic injected by the inverter on the performance of the canned induction motor. However, the existing researches are to consider the inverter and the motor separately, without analyzing the reverse effect of the induction motor as a nonlinear active load on the time harmonics of the inverter. Therefore, this paper establishes a field-circuit coupling analysis model of the canned induction motor considering the influence of load, and studies the effect of time harmonic current under different …load conditions on the electromagnetic field, eddy current loss, and temperature field of the canned induction motor. The paper first uses the analysis method to determine the relationship between the time harmonic voltage of the inverter and the time harmonic current of the motor. Then, the electromagnetic field distribution, eddy current loss, and temperature field distribution of the canned induction motor under different load conditions are calculated. Besides, the laws of time harmonic current on the electromagnetic field, can loss and motor temperature distribution are found. These research results can not only provide a meaningful reference for analysis of the canned induction motor but also provide methods for design optimization and multi-physical field modeling analysis of the canned induction motor. Show more

Keywords: Canned induction motor, time harmonic, can eddy current loss, field-circuit coupling analysis, temperature field

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201552

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2021

Authors: Heya, Akira | Hirata, Katsuhiro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Space recognition is a crucial issue for autonomous systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles, walking robots, and autonomous cars. These systems are necessary to obtain information using a camera while moving. However, reduction in recognition accuracy and system size increase has created problems. To solve these problems, we proposed the three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) actuator for image stabilization. This paper proposes a novel initial position estimation method and sensorless attitude estimation method for the three-DOF actuator to further downsize and reduce weight. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by a magnetic field analysis, using a three-dimensional finite element method and …numerical simulations. Show more

Keywords: Multiple-degree-of-freedom actuator, three-degree-of-freedom actuator, electromagnetic actuator, sensorless position estimation, image stabilization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201537

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2021

Authors: Li, Xiaoning | Wang, Xiaoyuan | Gao, Peng | Gu, Yuxi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The disc coreless permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) has a special coreless structure. This kind of PMSM has very low inductance, which is referred to as the low-inductance PMSM(LIPMSM) in this paper. The LIPMSM offers many advantages to drive systems. However, the current fluctuates strongly when driven by general converters, which makes the LIPMSM difficult to be popularized into modern drive systems. To tackle the above problems, a converter with output inductance is used. The influences of the inductance on the performance of the LIPMSM system are analysed, including current fluctuations, the maximum speed without flux weakening and the current …response time. Based on above analyses, a method of obtaining the optimal inductance is proposed to obtain the optimal inductance simply and efficiently. The method has been verified through simulations and experiments. The system cannot work due to the huge current fluctuations when driven by the general converter. By using the converter with the optimal inductance, the current fluctuations have been reduced to 2 A. The experimental LIPMSM can reach 11000 rpm with very short response time of the current. Therefore, the LIPMSM system performance can been improved significantly and meet the requirements by using the converter with the optimal inductance. Show more

Keywords: Disc coreless permanent magnet synchronous machine (DCPMSM), low inductance, current fluctuations, maximum speed, optimal inductance

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201605

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2021

Authors: Halim, M.F.M.A. | Sulaiman, E. | Othman, R.N.F.K.R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The inclusion of high energy density permanent magnet (PM) in MG contributes to the high eddy current loss in magnetic gear and reduces its efficiency. There was limited research done that focused on gear efficiency behavior over a broader range of speed and in different gear ratios. In this paper, the function of gear efficiency concerning gear ratio and rotational speed is proposed. Torque and eddy current loss data were obtained through transient magnetic analysis using finite element software at several rotational ranges and gear ratios. The analytical approach through mathematical substitution was discussed to confirm the finding in the …simulation. The result showed that the gear efficiency decreases as the speed increases. Nonetheless, the gear efficiency revealed improvement in efficiency as the gear ratio increases. Finally, gear efficiency behavior was modeled using the curve fitting method. Subsequently, based on the correlation study, an equation was proposed, yielding a 1% error compared to the new simulated data. With this proposed method and equation, the analysis and estimation of gear efficiency behavior over wider speed and gear ratios are simplified, thus reducing the need to perform simulation over different speeds and gear ratios. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic gear, machine design, gear efficiency, eddy current loss, curve fitting modeling

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201576

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2021

Authors: Fang, Hong Wei | Wang, Yu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The magnetic gear integrated permanent magnet synchronous generator (MG-PMSG) can reduce the acoustic noise and mechanical loss, which are caused by the mechanical gear box. It also has the merits of increasing efficiency and reducing system volume when it is used for wave energy conversion system. In this paper, an improved bat algorithm (BA) based on velocity weighting factor is proposed. The improved BA is applied for the optimization design of permanent magnet (PM) to reduce the cogging torque of MG-PMSG. The numerical model is constructed by response surface methodology (RSM). The influences of key pole shape parameters on cogging …torque were investigated, including the eccentric distance, the pole-arc coefficient and the permanent magnet thickness. A global optimization design is then carried out by using the improved BA, so that the magnet dimensions corresponding to the optimal cogging torque are obtained. Finally, the performances of the MG-PMSG with the optimized permanent magnet are analyzed by finite element method. Results show that cogging torque, steady torque ripple and back electromotive force (EMF) waveform distortion of the optimized MG-PMSG are reduced. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic gear, wave energy conversion, cogging torque, bat algorithm, response surface methodology

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201615

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2021

Authors: Lin, James | Harada, Akinori | Oka, Koichi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This papers discusses a method of magnetic levitation which allows a levitated platform to remain both level and zero-power under arbitrary eccentric loading conditions. A hardware system is proposed and developed which laterally displaces hybrid electromagnets (HEMs) to counteract the moments caused by eccentric loads. In this system, the displaced HEMs are the same HEMs which are used for the levitation of the platform. A mathematical formulation is provided to explain the control methodology, and data from successful experimental trials of the developed hardware is discussed.

Keywords: Zero-power levitation, magnetic levitation, tip-tilt control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-200011

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2021

Authors: Liu, Qing | Zhang, Shiping | Li, Yuanyuan | Lei, Gang | Wang, Li

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey on the development of the hybrid gas-magnetic bearing (HGMB) technology. HGMBs are proposed to complement the advantages of gas bearings and magnetic bearings for enhanced bearing performance. Nevertheless, there are a number of inherent challenges in their designs, analyses, and performance characteristics that must be taken into account for proper functionality and reliable operation. For this purpose, substantial results in theory, numerical simulations, and experiments concerning rotor dynamics, mechanical structures, control systems, and operation modes are discussed to help further investigation and implementation of HGMBs. In addition, future developments of HGMBs in industries and …remaining challenges are discussed. Show more

Keywords: Hybrid gas-magnetic bearings (HGMBs), rotor dynamics, bearing configuration, hybrid mode

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201579

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-26, 2021

Authors: Yang, Guohui | Zhang, Chengning | Zhang, Shuo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are widely used owing to high power density, high efficiency, etc. Core losses account for a significant component of the total loss in PMSMs beside winding losses. Therefore, it is necessary to consider core losses when designing PMSMs according to actual research applications. In this paper, taking four typical rotor structures (surface-mounted, embedded, “—” shape, “V” shape) as examples, an analysis method is proposed to predict the influence of different rotor structures on core loss of PMSMs. In the case of the same stator and winding structures, due to the influence of the rotor structure …on the magnetic circuit, the corresponding variation law of the magnetic field in the stator core is studied. This method analyzes the radial and tangential components of magnetic flux density vector of the 4 representative points (stator tooth tip, middle tooth and yoke part), and then evaluates the entire core loss through finite element analysis results. In order to verify the method, a prototype was manufactured. The experimental results show good performance of the proposed method of this paper. It provides reference for selecting the appropriate rotor structure and designing the corresponding PMSM according to different specification. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet synchronous machines, rotor structure, core loss, magnetic field distribution, magnetic flux density

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201569

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2021

Authors: Cheng, Yuhua | Liu, Chunwu | Wang, Minghao | Wang, Gaofeng | Ghovanloo, Maysam | Li, Wenjun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recent progress on human brain science requires developing advanced neural recording system to capture the activity of large neural populations accurately, across a large area of the brain, and over extended periods. Recently proposed distributed neural recording systems with numerous implanted devices require reliably energizing them wirelessly. Random distribution of these mm-sized implants and brain motion place them at different positions and orientations with respect to the power transmitter. Therefore, traditional wireless power transfer techniques fall short of reaching sufficient power for all implants simultaneously, rendering some implants nonfunctional. In this paper, a three-layer power transmitting array with three-phase coil …excitation current is introduced, which is capable of producing omnidirectional and homogeneous magnetic field across the volume where the Rx coils are located. The individual coil dimensions in the array is optimized to improve the worst-case scenario in terms of homogeneity, which is further verified by the measurements using a scaled-up prototype system. The measurement results show that the minimum received voltages is improved from 0.34 V for 10-mm side-length hexagonal transmitting coil array to 0.83 V for the optimal case, i.e., 35 mm side-length hexagonal transmitting coil array. Show more

Keywords: Omnidirectional, distributed, wireless power transfer, three-phase three-layer coil array, coil radius, optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201582

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2020

Authors: Wu, Tong | Yu, Guoliang | Pang, Jiarui | Wang, Can | Yang, Han | Qiu, Yang | Zhang, Yi | Zhu, Mingmin | Zhou, Hao-Miao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This work presents an easy way to improve the low-frequency properties in a small-size LTE/WWAN smartphone antenna by just loading a soft magnetic ferrite film on the strong radiation area. The base non-magnetic antenna, which only takes up an 11 mm × 30 mm no-ground space, can achieve hexa-band operation covering 822–914/1710–3244 MHz bands by co-designing a meandering strip and a T-shaped feeding strip. With loading a small-size ferrite film (2 mm × 15 mm) at the strong radiation strip, the frequencies can be shifted to cover the range of 692–1191/1698–3020 MHz, which shows a fully covering of octa-band operation, especially including the best long-term-evolution band, …LTE700, without enlarging the size of base antenna. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the magnetic antenna with ferrite film loading show a limited change at upper bands (1710–2690 MHz) but an acceptable level at lower bands (698–960 MHz). Both experimental and simulated results have been taken out and shown the consistent tendency. This optimization method of low-frequency properties by introducing a commercial ferrite film on the antenna has provided a simple and convenient way to solve the frequency deviation in the practical smartphone applications. Show more

Keywords: Multiband antenna, ferrite loading, frequency modulation, LTE700 band

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201599

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Nick, A.S. | Vynnycky, M. | Jönsson, P.G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A recent three-dimensional (3D) model that revisited earlier theoretical work for longitudinal electromagnetic stirring in the continuous casting of steel blooms is analyzed further to explore how the bloom width interacts with the pole pitch of the stirrer to affect the magnetic flux density. Whereas the first work indicated the presence of a boundary layer in the steel near the interface with the stirrer, with all three components of the magnetic flux density vector being coupled to each other, in the analysis presented here we find that the component along the direction of the travelling wave decouples from those in …the other two directions and can even be determined analytically in the form of a series solution. Moreover, it is found that the remaining two components can be found via a two-dimensional computation, but that it is not possible in general to determine these components without taking into account the surrounding air. The validity of the asymptotically reduced model solution is confirmed by comparing it with the results of 3D numerical computations. Moreover, the asymptotic approach provides a way to compute the time-averaged Lorentz force components that requires two orders of magnitude less computational time than the fully 3D approach. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-200010

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-27, 2020

Authors: Ma, Yuan | Feng, Wen | Yan, Zhen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The buckling analyses of type-II superconducting strip under applied perpendicular magnetic field and/or distributed uniform mechanical load are investigated in this paper. Based on the Bean critical state model, the electromagnetic body force is firstly given. Then, based on the classical plate theory and two-point initial value method, the critical buckling states of the superconducting strip with different boundary conditions are analyzed. Numerical results show the effects of both the thickness and boundary conditions of superconducting strip on the corresponding critical buckling loads. The present work should be helpful to the research and application of superconducting thin strips.

Keywords: Superconducting thin strip, electromagnetic body force, buckling, critical buckling load

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190115

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2020

Authors: Zhang, Yuanyuan | Meng, Fanhui | Liu, Zhao | Xing, Manman | Pang, Huaji | Deng, Meng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A satellite remote imaging data is used to describe the actual ground surface around east of Shandong, based on Barrick’s formulations and Wait’s formulations, and considering the time errors due to elongation of the propagation path caused by mountains, this paper comprehensively analyzes the lightning vertical electric field over the actual ground surface. Furthermore, its effects on time-of-arrival (ToA)-based lighting location systems (LLS) are discussed in details and results show that wave-shape and time-delay of the electromagnetic fields can be significantly affected when they propagate over actual ground surface. The time-delay of the field waveform becomes longer with the increasing …roughness, but subtle effect on field peak. After analyzing the actual ground surface around district of Qingdao, this paper reveals the relation between azimuth, observation distance and time-delay. The location error caused by actual ground surface is about several kilometers around the district of Qingdao, and the revised stroke points which are evaluated by the improved actual ground surface propagation model are closer to the actual lightning strike points. Show more

Keywords: Digital elevation model (DEM), lightning vertical electric fields, actual ground surface propagation model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201506

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020

Authors: Chen, Jun-Wei | Liu, Xing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the winding inductances of a linear ironless permanent-magnet synchronous actuator for high-precision applications is discussed. Different from rotary motors for conventional applications, high-order harmonics and the end effect due to discontinuous structure are considered. From such considerations, an improved Fourier series expansion is applied to the proposed distributed-parameter model of the linear winding. The calculated inductance matrix is of high accuracy, and presents a new non-uniform form. New features of the inductance matrix are analyzed, and the decoupling scheme is implemented via variable transformation and real-time updating inductances.

Keywords: Winding inductance, linear PM actuator, Fourier series expansion, end effect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201571

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2020

Authors: Guo, Huan | Su, Sanqing | Wang, Wei | Ma, Xiaoping | Yi, Shuchun | Zhao, Xuran

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Metal magnetic memory (MMM) testing is a nondestructive approach for evaluating the stress concentration and early damage of ferromagnetic components. However, research on the MMM testing of large steel structures has been limited. Thus, this study investigates the suitability of MMM technology for monitoring the damage in steel structures exposed to complex stresses. The normal components of magnetic signals H p (y ) on the beams and columns of a portal frame are obtained through pseudo-static testing. The signal increment ΔH p (y ) and its absolute value |ΔH p (y )| under different loads are …analyzed. The relationship between the equivalent stress and magnetic signal is investigated through numerical simulation. The results show that the ΔH p (y ) curves are similar during the elastic stage but change abruptly during the plastic phase. Moreover, the differences in the magnetic signal directions caused by the varying detection directions cannot be ignored. In the elastic stage, with the increase in the load, |ΔH p (y )| curves initially increase and then decrease. The formation of the ΔH p (y ) curve is similar to the distribution of the equivalent stress. The mutation of ΔH p (y ) can determine whether a specimen is entering the plastic phase, and can warn against structural failure. The magnetic signal distribution qualitatively reflects the stress distribution. Show more

Keywords: Metal magnetic memory testing, monitoring damage, normal magnetic signals, pseudo-static test, portal frame, equivalent stress

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190135

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2020

Authors: Li, Jiahao | Yang, Guolai | Fan, Yumeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper provides an analytical method for calculating the electromagnetic field of the tubular linear permanent magnet eddy current brake. The method of separating variables based on Fourier series is used to solve the boundary value problem, and the analytical solution of electromagnetic field is obtained. The braking force is obtained by calculating the Lorentz force. Then the accuracy of the analytical method is verified by comparing the analytical solutions with the solutions obtained by finite element method (FEM). In order to improve braking performance in a limited space, the parameter analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of …various structural parameters on the braking characteristics. According to the results of parameter analysis, the range of design parameters is determined. Finally, a multi-objective optimization is applied to find the optimal design parameters of the eddy current brake. The braking force increases by 27% and the volume of permanent magnet decreases by 7.7% after optimization. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current brake, braking force, finite element method, genetic algorithm, Halbach array

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201523

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-23, 2020

Authors: Li, Zixuan | Yang, Guolai | Wang, Liqun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper investigates the damping and demagnetization effect of an electromagnetic buffer (EMB) under impact load. The motional eddy currents are calculated first, and the Ampere circuital theorem is employed to calculate the induced magnetic field. The demagnetization effect is formulated by the magnetic Reynolds number with a correction coefficient k m . Following this, the time-step finite element (FE) model of the buffering system is constructed based on the nonlinear B–H curve. The accuracy and feasibility of the FE model is preliminarily verified by small-scale impact test. The characteristics of damping displacement, velocity, damping force and damping coefficient are …obtained. Then, the demagnetization effect is analysed by eddy current, magnetic field distribution, through the intensive impact load test at room temperature and time-step FE model. The value of k m is obtained through the intensive impact test and the simplified expression of critical velocity. The results show that the demagnetization effect is obvious with the increase of velocity. By introducing the correction coefficient of magnetic Reynolds number, the eddy current demagnetization process is more realistic. Show more

Keywords: EMB, intensive impact load, demagnetization, magnetic Reynolds number, critical velocity

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201556

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2020

Authors: Qiao, Yukai | Wang, Yinshun | Yuan, Xi | Zhang, Guangyi | Pi, Wei

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets have widespread applications in a strong and steady magnetic field at low temperature. However, they can not be operated in persistent current mode (PCM) due to their immature joint technique without resistance. In order to realize the PCM, an HTS magnet stacked by double-hole rectangular HTS plates was proposed and fabricated. The trapped field of the HTS magnet was measured and simulated under four kinds of magnetization methods, field cooling (FC), zero field cooling (ZFC) and inner magnetization (a solenoid is placed at right/left hole of double-hole rectangular HTS magnet to magnetize HTS magnet) as …well as combination of both methods. Meanwhile, the H-formulation is applied to the 3D model to analyze the electromagnetic behaviour. It was found that the trapped field of double-hole rectangular HTS magnet magnetized by FC with inner magnetization or ZFC with inner magnetization is higher than pure FC or ZFC magnetization. In inner magnetization, the trapped field of one hole in HTS magnet has no effect on the other one. In addition, the experiment results are in good agreement with numerical analysis, which can provide significant references for the magnetization method. Show more

Keywords: Double-hole, FC, rectangular HTS magnet, trapped field, ZFC

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201530

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2020

Authors: Alharbi, Khalid Hamed | Moniruzzaman, Md. | Aldhaheri, Rabah W. | Aljohani, Abdulah Jeza | Singh, Simranjit | Samsuzzaman, Md | Islam, Mohammad Tariqul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a monopole antenna with Ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics is presented for applications in 5G and short-distance wireless communications. It consists of a rectangular shaped patch having truncated corners and central notch with an extended stub at top edge. Two layers of slots are engraved in the middle of the patch within which the outer layer contains four L shaped slots and the inner layer contains two face to face vertically placed U-shaped slots. A partial ground is structured with staircase slots to attain ultra-wideband response with sufficient gain and efficiency. The proposed antenna provides 124% of impedance bandwidth …(2.8 GHz–12 GHz) implemented on a low-cost FR4 substrate having the electrical dimension of 0.3𝜆 × 0.19𝜆 at the low cutoff frequency. The effect of the inclusion of slots within the patch is clearly observable as it increases gain and efficiency. The proposed antenna exhibits better response with a maximum measured gain of 6.5 dBi and efficiency 85% within the bandwidth. Near constant time delay around 1 nS and good fidelity factor of 0.8316 represents that this slotted antenna can be used for undistorted reliable signal transfer. This antenna also provides symmetrical radiation patterns with less cross-polarization effects. Therefore, this monopole antenna can be an appropriate candidate for short-range communication applications like 5G, wireless local area networks, transfer data from biomedical sensors and imaging. Show more

Keywords: Ultra-wideband, defected ground structure, monopole, slotted patch, 5G wireless communication

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201553

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2020

Authors: Liu, Qing | Wang, Li | Zhang, Shiping | Li, Yuanyuan | Lei, Gang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) bring extraordinary benefits such as free of contact, elimination of lubrication, active control of rotor position, and a built-in monitoring system. In the design of AMBs, the bearing structure is of significance since it has an important impact on bearing performances. However, the effect of winding configurations of AMBs is still obscure. In this paper, the system-level implications of two radial AMB winding configurations termed the Ortho and the Cross types are investigated, including the bearing characteristics, power consumptions and rotor dynamic behaviors. The simulation results demonstrate that the Cross type contributes to larger load capacity …in the direction of gravity. In condition of a heavier gravity load (−200 N), the Cross-type winding configuration saves power consumption with a percentage of 17.2% at steady state (20,000 rpm) and 12.7% considering unbalance mass during the run-up process. However, the rotor vibrations of the Cross type in case of external loads and unbalance mass are larger than the Ortho type. The proposed results of this paper provide some useful information for the AMB winding configuration design. Show more

Keywords: Active magnetic bearing, winding configuration, power consumption, rotor dynamics

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201502

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2020

Authors: Zhang, Xiwei | Li, Lin | Pang, Jian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, both nanocrystalline alloy (Fe73.5 Cu1 Nb3 Si15.5 B7 ) ribbon samples and toroidal samples (wound ribbon) are annealed at different temperatures in order to consider the influence of inner stress on the magnetization properties. Then the AC magnetization properties of these samples are measured. Combined with the measured results, the influence of inner stress on nanocrystalline alloy’s microstructure is analyzed quantitatively based on the loss separation principle and the statistical theory of loss. By comparing measured macroscopic magnetization characteristics and excess loss, the equivalent stress state of the toroidal sample is evaluated. Furthermore, two kinds of samples’ …excess loss under different annealing temperatures are analyzed, and the effectiveness of stress relief at optimal annealing temperature is validated. Show more

Keywords: Nanocrystalline alloy, loss separation, excess loss, annealing, stress relief

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201532

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2020

Authors: Orosz, Tamás | Karban, Pavel | Pánek, David | Doležel, Ivo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cost optimization of power transformers is a complex engineering task. The design engineers have to solve this multidisciplinary, non-linear optimization problem in a very short-time. Due to the importance of the topic, numerous optimization methods have been developed in the industry to solve this problem. These methods generally use different, simplified two-winding transformer models, where the windings are generally modeled by their copper filling factors. These models cannot consider the eddy current losses and the temperature gradients of the windings properly, because the calculation of these quantities needs knowledge of the conductor dimensions. This paper proposes a novel method, which …uses a general geometric programming search based sub-problem to determine the optimal conductor dimensions for the optimal winding shape. The proposed method considers the temperature gradients of the windings and uses FEM to determine the eddy losses of the windings. The whole optimization process is made by an evolutionary algorithm (NSGA-II)-based search. The paper presents this novel transformer optimization methodology and then illustrates it with a practical example. Show more

Keywords: Optimization, evolutionary computation, FEA, power transformers

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209504

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2020

Authors: Bu, Wenshao | Zhang, Fei | Chen, Youpeng | Zhang, Xiaofeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As for the inverse decoupling control system of a bearingless induction motor (BL-IM), in order to eliminate the influence of rotor resistance variation on its control performance, on the basis of the reactive power calculation of torque system, a novel fuzzy model reference adaptive (MRAS) identification method of rotor resistance is proposed. The reference model and adjustable model of instantaneous reactive power are derived in detail. In order to improve the identification performance of rotor resistance, a fuzzy PI adaptive law based on popov super stability theory is constructed. On this basis, a rotor resistance identifier is constructed, and it …is used to on-line correct the rotor resistance parameter in the inverse system mathematical model of a BL-IM system. Based on the inverse decoupling control system of a BL-IM, the simulation experimental analysis and verification are carried out. The simulation experimental results have shown that when the proposed identification method of rotor resistance is used, not only the identification- and tracking-speed of rotor resistance can be effectively improved, but also the identification accuracy of rotor resistance can be improved; as for the BL-IM system, after the rotor resistance parameter is on-line corrected, not only the inverse dynamic decoupling control performance can be effectively improved, but also the robustness of BL-IM system to the variation of rotor resistance parameters can be improved. Show more

Keywords: Bearingless induction motor, instantaneous reactive power, MRAS rotor resistance identification, fuzzy PI adaptive law, inverse system decoupling control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-200018

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2020

Authors: Yuan, Hao | Zhao, Ximei | Fu, Dongxue

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: In this paper, a novel high-precision motion control is proposed for a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo system, which is vulnerable to the influence of uncertainties. First, the dynamics of the PMLSM with uncertainties are derived. To cater for the parametric uncertainties, the model-based feedforward control is constructed so that the transient response of the system is improved. Moreover, the adaptive jerk control (AJC) scheme based on a robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) feedback is adapted to restrain the uncertainties such as external disturbance and nonlinear friction in the system. To alleviate the chattering …phenomenon, a novel exponential adaptive law is designed to bound the feedback gain of the jerk, under the condition of the initial term of control efforts considered. Then, the jerk signal is integrated to form the feedback control law, which generates continuous control input and ensures the stability of the system. Compared with sliding mode control (SMC), the experimental results indicate that both the robustness and tracking performance of the system are significantly improved without adding more control efforts. The position tracking error is reduced and high-frequency oscillation is effectively attenuated. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), adaptive jerk control (AJC), robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) feedback, robustness, chattering

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201558

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2020

Authors: Shahid, A. | Ali Abbas, M. | Huang, H.L. | Mishra, S.R. | Bhatti, M.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The present study analyses the dissipative influence into an unsteady electrically conducting fluid flow embedded in a pervious medium over a shrinkable sheet. The behavior of thermal radiation and chemical reactions are also contemplated. The governing partial differential equations are reformed to ordinary differential equations by operating similarity transformations. The numerical outcomes for the arising non-linear boundary value problem are determined by implementing the Successive linearization method (SLM) via Matlab software. The velocity, temperature, and concentration magnitudes for distant values of the governing parametric quantities are conferred, and their conduct is debated via graphical curves. The surface drag coefficient increases, …whereas the local Nusselt number and Sherwood number decreases for enhancing unsteadiness parameter across suction parameter. Moreover, the magnetic and suction parameters accelerate velocity magnitudes while by raising porosity parameter, velocity decelerates. Larger numeric of thermal radiation parameter and Eckert number accelerates the temperature profile while by enhancing Prandtl number it decelerates. Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameters slowdowns the concentration distribution, and the chemical reaction parameter influences on the point of chemical reaction that benefits the interface mass transfer. It is expected that the current achieved results will furnish fruitful knowledge in industrious utilities. Show more

Keywords: Electrically conducting fluid, Darcy flow, radiation, shrinking sheet, permeable medium

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201540

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2020

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Wiak, Slawomir

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many-objective problems, characterized by a high-dimensional objective space, are a source of challenge for standard methods of multi-objective optimization. An evolutionary algorithm based on the concept of least-conflict solutions is here presented; the shape design of a IPM motor is considered as the case study. In particular, optimization problems dealing with 3 and 4 objective functions have been solved, respectively.

Keywords: Many-objective optimization, evolutionary computing, finite-element analysis, inverse magnetostatics, permanent-magnet motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209510

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020

Authors: Rymarczyk, Tomasz | Kozłowski, Edward | Tchórzewski, Paweł | Kłosowski, Grzegorz | Adamkiewicz, Przemysław

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The article presents machine learning methods in the field of reconstruction of tomographic images. The presented research results show that electric tomography makes it possible to analyze objects without interfering with them. The work focused mainly on electrical impedance tomography and image reconstruction using deterministic methods and machine learning, reconstruction results were compared and various numerical models were used. The main advantage of the presented solution is the ability to analyze spatial data and high speed of processing. The implemented algorithm based on logistic regression is promising in image reconstruction. In addition, the elastic net method was used to solve …the problem of selecting input variables in the regression model. Show more

Keywords: Electrical tomography, inverse problem, logistic regression

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209520

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2020

Authors: Takahara, Kazuaki | Hirata, Katsuhiro | Niguchi, Noboru | Amazutsumi, Tomoya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (Multi-DOF) actuating systems are usually composed of several single-DOF motors, which results in large, heavy and complicated structures. In order to solve these problems, various multi-DOF spherical actuators have been actively studied. However, a large number of current phases are required in the spherical actuator. In this paper, in order to reduce the number of current phases, a 3-DOF spherical actuator with auxiliary poles which is driven using 5-phase currents is proposed. Finally, the torque characteristics of the proposed actuator are evaluated through 3-D finite element analysis.

Keywords: Multi-degree-of-freedom, spherical actuator, auxiliary pole

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209514

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020

Authors: Nobahari, Amin | Vahedi, Abolfazl | Takorabet, Noureddine

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Various design approaches have been studied for performance improvement of permanent magnet motors, especially for electric vehicles application. This paper deals with an effective concept that is based on adopting non-traditional geometries for permanent magnet poles. The study focuses on a general methodology for optimal sizing of the rotor poles’ pre-defined geometrical parameters considering certain objectives. For this purpose, the artificial neural network is employed for creating an accurate and simple model to be used in a multi-objective optimization procedure. An interior crescent-shaped permanent magnet motor for an electric motorcycle is studied as a typical case study to prove the …performance of the proposed method. Finite element models are developed to create the required dataset for the modeling stage as well as to verify the results. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet motors, design optimization, permanent magnet shaping, ANN model, torque profile, electric motorcycle

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209512

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020

Authors: Dems, Maria | Komęza, Krzysztof | Majer, Krzysztof

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Reducing motor losses is very important in connection with raising the requirements set by international regulations on reducing electricity consumption. As induction motors are increasingly powered by high-frequency voltage, core losses starting to play a dominant role in motor loss balance. The presented paper shows how to calculate the basic and additional losses in the core of the induction motor, generated by the reluctance and slot harmonics of the magnetic field in the motor and by the higher harmonics produced by the inverter, using analytical and field-circuit methods. The results for motor operation at frequencies of supply voltage 10, 20 …and 350 Hz were presented and compared with the results of measurements. The main achievement is the statement that losses in the core of the motor fed from the inverter should be calculated as the sum of losses generated by individual harmonics both in the motor and generated by the inverter. Show more

Keywords: Induction motor, core losses, additional losses, inverter power supply

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209506

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2020

Authors: Lasek, Pawel | Habelok, Krzysztof | Stepien, Mariusz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The design considerations of AC machines with windings made of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are presented in the following paper. The considerations were narrowed to permanent-magnet excitation machines, although the results can be extrapolated to many other machine types as general guidelines. The influence of basic machine parameters and coefficients during the design of such machines are considered in order to estimate operating conditions of HTS windings. The number of poles, number of slots or slot dimensions, coil placement, and arrangement, are taken into account with the intent to fully utilize features of superconducting materials such as the capability of conducting …high current density without significant losses. The attention is placed on low power machines, below 1 kW, operating at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). For analysis purposes, the finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field and its effect on the critical current of the HTS coil. The numerical analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Show more

Keywords: Electric motors, high-temperature superconductors (HTS), finite element method (FEM)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209523

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Trawiński, Tomasz | Szczygieł, Marcin | Tomas, Arkadiusz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: During a serious underground incident the most important things are the lives of miners and the time necessary for the rescue team to find victims of the accident. The paper presents the concept of a new drilling system that uses torsional vibrations in the drilling process. In the article formulating mathematical models of a drilling rig is one of the tasks of the INDIRES (INformation Driven Incident RESponse) project implemented as a part of the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel. The INDIRES project is dedicated to the task of conducting a rescue operation after accidents in mines.

Keywords: Electromagnetic field, finite element method FEM, torque generator, mathematical modelling

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209502

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2020

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Wiak, Sławomir

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209500

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-1, 2020

Authors: Witczak, Pawel | Kubiak, Witold | Szulakowski, Jacek

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper deals with analysis of vibrational behavior of induction motor using the combined approach linking the finite elements method (FEM) applied to modelling of magnetic and mechanical phenomena in the motor with its modal description in spectral domain. Results of investigations presented in this paper proved that relatively small rotor axis misalignment against stator leads to visible vibration if forces resulted from this effect have frequency close to rotor bending resonance. Paper contains a rigorous description of all steps in analysis with a special attention paid to details of numerical approach both in FEM and in spectral consideration. Results …of theoretical investigations were confirmed by measurements. Show more

Keywords: Induction motor, vibration, finite elements, spectral analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209509

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2020

Authors: Bijak, Joanna

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To represent energy gathered in energy harvester, it is necessary to simulate movement of the energy harvester parts. The aim of this article is to present a new way to simulate movement of energy harvester in point of view of robotic approach. The power buoy is one of the best examples to show potentiality of modelling such mechanism as robotic chain. In the article two ways of buoy’s motion are presented. As a result it occurs that it is possible to use robots kinematic chain theory to present kinematic chain of energy harvesting system.

Keywords: Energy harvesting, homogenous transformation, wave energy harvester, buoy movement

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209519

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2020

Authors: Chaithongsuk, Sisuda | Chaiworapuek, Weerachai | Takorabet, Noureddine | Rahouadj, Rachid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to analyze and design the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM), the parameters must be defined according to characteristics of the motor. To obtain a good motor, the decrease of leakage flux is done by reduction of mechanical stresses and increase of the magnetic flux density. The magnetic flux distribution in the air gap is first analyzed. Then, the rotor is designed by using a specific mathematical model. Two topologies based on placing of permanent magnet into the rotor, which is placing in parallel shape and V-shape, are analyzed and designed. The mechanical stresses and rotor strains occurring …during the rotation at high speed are studied. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic flux density, mechanical stresses, deformations, IPMSM, FEA

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209503

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2020

Authors: Balavoine, François | Bauw, Grégory | Cassoret, Bertrand | Romary, Raphaël

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, two passive solutions for noise reduction of PWM-fed induction machines are compared: the use of LC filter connected between the PWM inverter and the machine, and a three-phase damper wound inside the machine and connected to three capacitors. Firstly, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of each solution are recalled. The equivalent electrical circuits used for the study are also explained. Then, the effectiveness of both solutions in terms of voltage harmonic reduction and harmonic flux density reduction is discussed. The weight and size criteria are also studied. Results are given for two different power ranges of induction …machines: 4 kW and 55 kW, and for two different switching frequencies of the PWM inverter: 3 kHz and 8 kHz. Show more

Keywords: Induction machine, PWM, passive, LC filter, damper, harmonics, noise

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209513

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2020

Authors: Komęza, Krzysztof | Dems, Maria | Lecointe, Jean-Philippe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Reducing induction motor losses is very important because of the fulfilment of increasingly stringent requirements set by international regulations for reducing electricity consumption. Since core losses begin to dominate in motors operating at higher frequencies the exact calculation becomes more and more important. The common view is that losses due to higher harmonics caused by stator and rotor slotting constitute an important part of losses in the motor core. Proper calculation of the core losses requires inclusion both hysteresis and eddy current phenomena. For the hysteresis simulation, method included in package Opera 3D has been used. Using that model it …was possible to investigate flux behavior at high frequency like as for higher harmonics field. Next part is focused on practical determining of proper method for higher harmonics losses limitation. Show more

Keywords: Laminated core, hysteresis, eddy current, induction motor, core losses

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209507

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2020

Authors: Güney, Ömer Faruk | Çelik, Ahmet | Bozkurt, Ahmet Fevzi | Erkan, Kadir

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the electromagnetic and mechanical analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor for high speed (12000 rpm) rotor which is vertically suspended by magnetic bearings. In the analysis, a prototype AFPM motor with a double-sided rotor and a coreless stator between the rotors are considered. Firstly, electromagnetic analysis of the motor is carried out by using magnetic equivalent circuit method. Then, the rotor disk thickness is determined based on a rotor axial displacement due to the attractive force between the permanent magnets placed on opposite rotor disks. Hereafter, an analytical solution is carried out to determine the …natural frequencies of the rotor-shaft system. Finally, 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to verify the analytical results and some experimental results are given to verify the analytical and numerical results and prove the stable high-speed operation. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic modeling, high speed, axial flux permanent magnet motor, mechanical stress analysis, rotor vibration analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209526

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2020

Authors: Pile, Raphaël | Le Besnerais, Jean | Devillers, Emile | Degrendele, Karine

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The analysis of noise and vibrations under electromagnetic excitations (e-NVH) in electrical machines requires to study the stator mechanical response when excited by Maxwell stress waves. In particular, the notion of unit-wave Frequency Response Function (FRF) is often used in e-NVH simulations to model the mechanical response under electromagnetic excitations and troubleshoot noise issues. However, it is not possible to directly measure the unit-wave FRF on the electrical machines and validate the model. Instead, the Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is often compared to a Finite Element (FE) model in order to fit the numerical parameters (damping, boundary conditions, etc.). This paper …is presenting a complementary approach to fully numerical e-NVH analysis. It is a new hybrid methodology based on experiments for the mechanical FRF and simulation for the magnetic excitations. This is performed with dedicated experimental measurements and post-processing. The new methodology builds an equivalent unit-wave FRF from experimental measurements. The methodology is validated with the diagnose of electromagnetic noise issues for an experimental benchmark Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (SPMSM). Show more

Keywords: Magneto-mechanical analysis, electrical machine, vibration, SPMSM, magnetic force, frequency response function

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209511

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020

Authors: Bastiaens, K. | Krop, D.C.J. | Curti, M. | Jumayev, S. | Lomonova, E.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper concerns the design of a high-frequency GaN-based rotating transformer confined by conductive materials. The design approach combines the high-order spectral element method for the magnetic modeling, an electronic circuit model, and the finite element method for the thermal modeling. The objective of the design analysis is to minimize the ratio of core inertia to efficiency. Two different transformer topologies are considered, in which the power is either transferred in the axial or radial direction. The resulting designs are compared in terms of efficiency, core inertia, and transferred power. The radial design shows the best performance within the optimization …problem. Show more

Keywords: Design optimization, eddy currents, finite element analysis, gradient methods, inductive power transmission, numerical models, spectral element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209505

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2020

Authors: Habelok, Krzysztof | Lasek, Pawel | Stepien, Mariusz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The influence of permanent magnet excitation on HTS coil in transverse-flux linear motor is analyzed. Numerical analysis using finite-element method is carried for two commonly used magnet arrays - alternating and Halbach. The influence of magnet arrangements on critical current density of HTS winding operating in temperature of liquid nitogen of 77 K is examined. The goal is to find optimal air gap size and magnet span to assure the best performance of the motor where anisotropy of superconductor is taken into account.

Keywords: Critical current density, electric linear motor, high-temperature superconductors (HTS), magnetic flux, permanent magnets

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209524

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Marault, Jérôme | Gillon, Frédéric | Hecquet, Michel | Tounzi, Abdelmounaïm

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The winding design of an electrical machine is an important task in the whole design process. This leads, for a part, to the magneto motive force which is one of the main quantities to manage for electrical machine performances. Indeed, the latter is directly linked to that of the air gap magnetic flux density and thus to the torque ripples, vibration and then noise. This paper proposes to reduce the MMF harmonic content by means of optimization process using mono-objective or multi-objective algorithms with discrete and continuous variables. For this aim, optimization algorithm is coupled with an analytical tool which …enables calculating quickly the MMF harmonic content from winding parameters. A winding optimization of three different windings with the same number of pole pairs is proposed to show the suitability of this process. Show more

Keywords: MMF harmonic content, mono-objective, multi-objective, optimization algorithm, new winding pattern, Winding design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209508

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2020

Authors: Mohamodhosen, Bilquis | Tounzi, Abdelmounaïm | Gillon, Frédéric

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to optimize the topology of the rotor head in a Salient Pole Synchronous Generator to maximize the magnetic flux in the stator yoke and in the air gap. The generator is modelled using FE method, and the ON-OFF method is used to manage the optimization domain. Genetic Algorithm is used to find the optimal solution for the problem. The resulting topology and convergence graphs are also presented, and the results are discussed.

Keywords: Genetic algorithm, ON-OFF method, salient pole synchronous generator, topology optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209501

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2020

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Dughiero, F. | Forzan, M. | Lupi, S. | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Sieni, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In industrial manufacturing process for tube production the stress relieving is achieved by heating the part to be treated at a very uniform temperature. In the paper, the optimized design of an inductor for stress relieving at temperature close to 600° is considered. The design of the inductor is initially performed by means an automated-design using optimization algorithms and objective functions that are minimized. In the range of obtained solutions, some of them appear more promising in terms of heating uniformity. Starting from these improved solutions, a technologically acceptable solution is proposed. This technological feasible solution is selected between the …ones obtained by means of a multi-objective optimization procedure and suitably adapted in order to achieve not only the technological targets but also a cost-effective design. Show more

Keywords: Multi-objective evolutionary optimization, multi-physics analysis, finite elements, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209525

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Domin, Jarosław

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The growing applications area of an electromagnetic launcher lead to numerous researches on new constructions and analyzes of existing and novel solutions of this type of device. The typical solutions with a coil or rail drive (named coil-gun and rail-gun) as well as a new hybrid construction which is a combination of these two types of drives are known. The paper presents the construction and mathematical model of the hybrid electromagnetic launcher (containing coil-gun and rail-gun module) with pneumatic assists, but the main purpose of this paper is to present measurement and simulation results of rails deformation for an electromagnetic …launcher with rails (rail-gun module). The computer simulations were made using Inventor Professional software. In the measurement system the laser displacement sensor was used. Show more

Keywords: Railgun, electromagnetic launcher, hybrid electromagnetic launcher, coilgun, electrodynamic force

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209515

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020

Authors: Bekir, Wissem | Amraoui, Lilia EL | Gillon, Frédéric

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an optimization method that deal with control techniques for electrical machines, in order to impose a displacement with a minimum of energy consumption. It’s a generic method; However, its application to electrical machines is complex for implementation. The present work provides the shape of the optimal solution. Moreover, a resolution technique related to the nature of the model is proposed, which facilitate the numerical resolution of costate problem. The method is applied to hybrid stepper motor and the obtained results are then analyzed.

Keywords: Efficiency, optimal control, dynamic programming, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, hybrid stepper motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209522

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2020

Authors: Iatcheva, Ilona | Saykova, Ilonka

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper deals with modeling and analysis of coupled electro-thermal processes during the pulsed electric field treatment of cellular materials for extraction of bioactive compounds. Subject of consideration is evaluation of heat effects: appearance of local thermal spots and high temperature gradients in the treated tissue. The presence of these phenomena is important for the processing: it aids the process of electroporation and thereby is useful for the extraction, but also could cause overheating and deterioration of the product quality. The analysis is provided using the finite element method, applied to the coupled time-dependent electric and transient thermal field problem. …The mechanisms of heat transfer are studied by numerical simulations corresponding to the parameters (type and duration of electric pulses) of experimental examination of the processes of extraction of substances from vegetable seeds. Two steps are considered in the modeling: before and after electroporation. The field analysis after electroporation is carried out for correspondingly changed size and properties of the contact area between the cells. The obtained results can be used for adjustment of the process parameters in order to improve the yield of the extracted substances, without risk of overheating and degrading the quality of extracted product. Show more

Keywords: Coupled electro-thermal field modelling, cellular materials, finite element method, heat effects, electroporation, pulse electric field, substances extraction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209518

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2020

Authors: Liang, Yongli | Xu, Lizhong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the structure and operating principle of the electromagnetic harmonic movable tooth drive system is introduced. Equations of the magnetic density and the electromagnetic force are given. The force model on the flexible wheel under magnetic force is presented. The equivalent concentrated force applied to the flexible wheel is determined. Based on it, the displacement equations of the flexible wheel are deduced. Using these equations, the displacement distribution of the flexible wheel and its changes along with the main parameters are investigated. Relationship between coil current and the maximum radial displacement is determined. The limit current corresponding to …the limit radial displacement is obtained and its changes along with the main parameters are analyzed. The results show that the displacements of flexible wheel increase with the radius of flexible wheel and the coil current, and decrease with the initial air gap and the thickness of flexible wheel. A limit current under which the flexible ring will be buckled occurs under electromagnetic force. The limit current corresponding to the limit displacement increases with the thickness of flexible wheel, the pole pair number and the air gap, and decreases with the radius of flexible wheel. The results can be used to design and analyze the drive system. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic drive, harmonic drive, displacement, force model, limit current

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201546

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2020

Authors: Aditya, K. | Bobba, Phaneendra Babu | Satyavani, Y.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Wireless power transfer system is playing an important role in biomedical applications by transferring power wirelessly to the implants present in the body. In this paper, magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer system is used to recharge battery of implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The proposed system operates at 300 KHz frequency. The LCC-C compensation topology is used to tune the coils for operating the system at stable resonant frequency and to obtain higher efficiency. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of different coil structures in multiple layer configurations and we offer recommendations on the best suitable configuration for effective transfer …of power. Show more

Keywords: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), LCC-C compensation, magnetic coupling resonance (MCR), wireless power transfer (WPT)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201524

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2020