International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Bhuvaneswari, S. | Sivaraman, P. | Matheswaran, A. | Prem, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: India has enormous wind potential and average wind velocity is about 6 m/s, whereas the conventional wind turbine mechanism is operated at 7 m/s–12.5 m/s. It is necessary to design low speed wind energy conversion to harvest the electrical energy from wind. Mostly, Radial flux permanent magnet generator (RFPMG) is used for low speed wind turbine applications. This Conventional RFPMG has the drawbacks of low flux density and increase in weight due to large number of poles accommodation. In order to overcome the above setbacks, this paper proposes a double sided coreless axial flux permanent magnet generator (AFPMG) for low …speed wind energy conversion applications. The Performance analysis of the proposed AFPMG is carried out through finite element method using ANSYS Maxwell software. Finally the performance of RFPMG and AFPMG is compared based on the flux linkage, flux density, induced emf, stator current, moving torque, cogging torque, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), material consumption, losses and efficiency. It is evident from the results that AFPMG gives the better performance than RFPMG in all such aspects. Show more

Keywords: Radial flux, axial flux, direct drive, ANSYS Maxwell, finite element analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190150

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2020

Authors: Li, Tao | Zhang, Youtong | Liang, Yuxiu | Yang, Ye | Jiao, Jie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to solve the contradiction between the opening and closing time of the high speed on/off valve for space propulsion systems of the liquid rocket engine, a pneumatic pilot-operated high speed on/off valve is proposed and multiobjective optimization for the opening and closing time of the valve is carried out in this paper. Based on the analysis of the working mechanism of the valve, the mathematical models for the pilot valve and the main valves are established respectively. The Plackett-Burman design is used to select the optimization variables which influence the performance of the response time significantly. The central …composite design is used to obtain the sample points and establish second-order response surface models of the response time. The NSGA-II is used to obtain the Pareto front of the optimization objectives. The optimized opening and closing time can be reduced by 17.7% and 37.4% respectively. A prototype based on the optimized parameters is manufactured and tested to verify the accuracy of the multiobjective optimization results. The test results verify the validity of the optimization approach for the proposed valve in this paper. Show more

Keywords: Multiobjective optimization, pneumatic pilot-operated high speed on/off valve, response surface model, response time, solenoid valve

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190074

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2020

Authors: Guo, Liang | Chen, Liang | Galea, Michael

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a multiphysics modeling and design methodology for high speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) for electric traction applications. In this proposed methodology, the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical fields are coupled together. The electromagnetic model is used to analyze the electromagnetic performances and losses of the PMSM, which then feed the thermal and mechanical models. The thermal model focuses on the machine’s temperature rise while the mechanical model is used to analyze the stress distribution of the PMSM. Combined together, a powerful multiphysics model aimed for the design of high speed PMSMs is achieved. The design results prove …that the designed PMSM can simultaneously meet the requirements of high power density, high temperature and high reliability. Show more

Keywords: Multiphysics modeling, permanent magnet synchronous motor, high speed

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-200019

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2020

Authors: Li, Lei | Yang, Guolai | Li, Zhaohui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study focused on the damage of permanent magnets(NdFeB) in the electromagnetic buffer under the intensive impact load. According to the constitutive characteristics of the permanent magnets, a constitutive model suitable for NdFeB called damage-modified ZWT was determined. Furthermore, the specific parameters in the constitutive model were determined by fitting the constitutive curve. Then the incremental expression was established for the constitutive model and the model was embedded into ABAQUS via the VUMAT subroutine interface. A dynamic model of the electromagnetic buffer was established and calculated. After that the evolution and distribution law of damage in permanent magnets under the …intensive impact load were clarified by analyzing the finite element results. Finally the damage of the device is reduced by optimizing the geometric parameters. The results show that the permanent magnets near the inner ring are damaged more from the radial distribution of the damage and the permanent magnets on both sides are damaged more from the lateral distribution of the damage, which provides a reference for the design of electromagnetic buffers. Show more

Keywords: Intensive impact load, the damage in permanent magnets, damage-modified ZWT constitutive model, VUMAT subroutine

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190147

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2020

Authors: Pottie, Daniel L.F. | Mendonça, Gabriel A. | Faria, Osvane A. | Faria, Marco Tulio C. | Cardoso Filho, Braz J. | Maia, Thales A.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the design criteria, assembly practices and experimental analysis of a low cost micro generation system are presented. A high-power density microturbine is specially devised using a stock automotive turbocharger. The project concept is evolved to achieve satisfactory operating conditions. The main practical challenges to achieve the desirable output performance are discussed from the electromechanical perspective including an extensive vibration analysis during operation. The balancing procedure is proven to be a keystone requirement for safe operation at higher rotational speeds. Characterizing the electromechanical interaction between the components is a crucial requirement in the design process. The microturbine is …tested using steady inlet compressed air flow, with accelerometers installed on each bearing. The described design and assembly procedures allow the unloaded microturbine to run safely up to 100000 rpm. Show more

Keywords: Electromechanical design, electrical machine, high-speed balancing, microturbine, turbocharger

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190166

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-24, 2020

Authors: Tang, Bin | Lin, Ziyan | Jiang, Haobin | Yin, Yue

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet slip coupling (PMSC) is a kind of contactless transmission device with the advantages of clutch function, continuous speed regulation and no mechanical wear. The PMSC was introduced into the hydraulic power steering system (HPS) to regulate the steering pump speed so as to improve the steering stability and reduce the energy consumption. To evaluate the designed PMSC electromagnetic characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the PMSC were investigated and verified. Two-dimensional finite element model of the PMSC was built to investigate the electromagnetic characteristics. The simulation results of induced electromotive force, induced current and electromagnetic torque demonstrated that the …PMSC had excellent electromagnetic characteristics. The speed regulation circuit of the PMSC was developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics. The results indicated that the PMSC had excellent dynamic characteristics under the condition of high load, inferior dynamic characteristics under the condition of low load. The bench tests were carried out to verify electromagnetic characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the PMSC. It can be seen that the test results of the induced electromotive force and output speed of the PMSC were in consistent with the simulation results. The real vehicle tests were conducted and the results demonstrated that the permanent magnet coupling based electronically controlled hydraulic power steering system (P-ECHPS) greatly improved low-speed steering maneuverability and high-speed steering stability of heavy-duty vehicles. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet slip coupling, electromagnetic characteristics, dynamic characteristics, hydraulic power steering, speed regulation circuit

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190122

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2020

Authors: Li, Xiangchao | Luo, Hua | Chu, Lei | Ouyang, Wen | Wen, Qiaoli

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Aiming at the problem of the corona discharge trigger electric filed threshold at different shapes of a metal tip, through the theoretical analysis of the electric field distribution near the surface of the conical tip and the ellipsoidal tip, and the laboratory simulation experiment, reached the following conclusion. The relationship between the value of corona current amplitude, the frequency and the tip’s radius of curvature is obtained; The corona discharge electric field threshold is relatively fixed and between 6.9382 kV/cm and 8.2824 kV/cm. The above relationship has a certain reference value in practical application and computer simulation.

Keywords: Corona discharge, finite element, electric field threshold, corona current

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190160

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2020

Authors: Cao, Jie | Wei, XIang | Su, Yuan | Shi, Hua | Zhou, Dong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the fuel electronic control system of the engine as an engine control process is designed and constructed to provide the fuel adjustment function of the aero-engine. Then, the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) experiment is established by exposing it to electromagnetic field pulses of the bounded-wave simulator. Now, the damage threshold is also determined. At the same time, the induced differential voltage and common current signals are measured through the printed circuit board (PCB) port, which is necessary to cause a specific microprocessor to fail. The wavelet transform is employed to establish a time-frequency method to process the induced …voltage signal. The susceptible frequency areas and coupling energy distribution are applied to the speed acquisition system. Their characteristics are employed to propose a new electromagnetic interference decrease method in both time and frequency domain. This method could be considered as a useful tool for studying the electromagnetic pulse coupling interference. Show more

Keywords: Fuel electronic control system, electromagnetic pulse (EMP), time-frequency method, electromagnetic interference (EMI), interference decrease

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190161

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2020

Authors: Yang, Qing | Wang, Junnan | Hu, Zhu | Ni, Zhonghua | Lu, Rongsheng | Yi, Hong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a new portable, low-cost magnet with a good homogeneity is presented. The single-layer central magnet structure based on Halbach-type array has been designed, simulated which can generate a magnetic field of 1 T under the weight of 2 kg. Magnetic strips placed at the ends of the central magnet are presented to improve the central homogeneity. In order to counteract the inhomogeneity resulting from manufacturing tolerances, a new compact shimming structure designed for miniature Halbach magnet is applied. With this structure a reduction of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 21 kHz to less than only 0.7 kHz, which …is adequate for achieving a good NMR relaxation signal. This novel miniature magnet structure has achieved an excellent balance between cost and homogeneity for portable Time Domain NMR. Show more

Keywords: Halbach magnet, passive shimming, linear programming, portable NMR, FEM simulations

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-200001

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2020

Authors: Qin, Jinchang | Chen, Renwen | Zhang, Yuxiang | Liu, Chuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a new virtual Halbach analytical method for improved Halbach permanent magnet (PM) slotless planar linear actuators, which have mixed neodymium iron baron (NdFeB) magnets and ferrite magnets to form a two-segment quasi-Halbach topology with different heights of main and auxiliary magnetic poles. The method has four steps, which are described in detail in the paper. One of the key steps is to visually regard the permanent magnet region magnetized only in the y direction as a Halbach array structure with a magnetization amplitude of 0 in the x direction that satisfies the Newman boundary condition. …The investigation shows that the results of the new analytical method are in good agreement with the finite element method. Using this analytical method, the effect of improved Halbach permanent magnet slotless planar linear actuator with unequal height of the main and auxiliary magnetic poles on the magnetic field waveform is analyzed by means of a parametric research. Show more

Keywords: Analytical, Halbach, magnetic field, permanent magnet (PM)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190145

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2020

Authors: Kawaguchi, Hideki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a scattered field formulation of the finite-difference time domain method (S-FDTD) combining with a time-domain electric field integral equation (TD-EFIE) based on surface equivalence theorem. The scattered field formulation enables us to reduce computation cost effectively for the case that scatterers are located at a far distance from field sources of electromagnetic wave since we need to calculate the scattered field component only on the region in the vicinity of the scatterers. Then it is required for the use of the scattered field formulation that the field source for the incident field component has to be expressed …by any analytical solutions such as a point dipole source, plane wave, and so on. In this work, the scattered field formulation of the FDTD method is applied to cases that there are no analytical expressions of the field sources, in which the field source contains conductors such as antennas, combining with the TD-EFIE on a virtual surface which encloses the field sources. Then, it is known that calculation of the TD-EFIE itself is time consuming. This paper considers speed-up of the S-FDTD simulation based on the TD-EFIE using a spherical harmonic expansion of Green’s function of Helmholtz equation, additionally. Show more

Keywords: Finite-difference time-domain method, microwave propagation, scattered field formulation, surface equivalence theorem, time-domain electric field integral equation, spherical harmonic expansion, Green’s function of Helmholtz equation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190164

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2020

Authors: Fröhlich, A. | Hofmann, C. | Rochala, P. | Kimme, J. | Kroll, M. | Kräusel, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Considering the demand for low temperature bonding processes in packaging of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as accelerometers or micro mirrors, in this paper a method for selective and energy-efficient heating of metallic intermediate bonding layers by applying high-frequency electromagnetic fields with frequencies in the range of 1. 0 < f < 2.0 MHz is presented. Therefore, the induction heating process was modeled and analyzed by means of numerical simulation. Additionally, heating experiments were carried out by using IR thermography in order to verify the simulation results. The developed inductor shape allows almost homogeneous heating of all metallic layers with heating …rates of more than ΔT ∕Δt = 150 K∕s. Show more

Keywords: Wafer bonding, MEMS packaging, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209121

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Steinberg, T. | Baake, E. | Kollenberg, W. | Schultz, K.M. | Leonhardt, A. | Kräusel, V. | Walther, T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper deals with the numerical simulation and experimental investigation of magnetic flux concentrators (MFC) in particular with innovative additive manufactured MFC for induction heating applications. The novel type of magnetic flux concentrators presented in this paper is based on ferromagnetic particles embedded in ceramic matrix material guaranteeing high temperature mechanical stability and good magnetic performance. The additive manufacturing provides flexible, customized and complex geometry design of the MFC.

Keywords: Magnetic flux concentrator, generative manufacturing, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209119

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2020

Authors: Alpini, F. | Cesano, M. | Ciscato, D. | Dalle Nogare, G. | Natale, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Temperature is a key parameter in the industrial forging process. Induction heating is a fast, efficient and easily controllable system to have a uniform and controlled thermal profile before forging. The possibility to have a finer control over the temperature management leads to the improvement in process, a better product quality level, and lower maintenance cost. In this paper, the pyrometer noise and unstable signal is filtered and corrected using a Kalman filter based on a numerical electro-thermal model to obtain a reliable signal for the process management.

Keywords: Industrial process control, Kalman filter, induction heating, induction forge, numerical model, Dyna Forge Zone

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209123

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2020

Authors: Khrenkov, N. | Strupinskiy, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the paper, the dependence of the current characteristics of self-regulating heating cables on the environmental conditions is investigated. A method is proposed to determine the allowable length of a heating section depending on the environmental conditions and parameters of automatic circuit breaker used.

Keywords: Self-regulating cables, current characteristics, temperature

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209122

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: López-Alonso, B. | Sarnago, H. | Burdío, J.M. | Lucía, O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nowadays, several applications of electroporation have been adopted in cancer therapy with promising results that have boosted research interest. To develop new treatment options, the development of electroporation models and measurement method in order to study the real distribution of the electric field potential are needed. Nowadays, current trends in electroporation techniques suggest the use of more powerful pulse generators that enables the treatment of larger tissue volumes. However, new challenges arise regarding the modeling of the electroporation process in large tissue volumes as well as the potential thermal effects when large amounts of energy are used. The aim of …this paper is to propose a finite element analysis (FEA) based model using COMSOL of the irreversible electroporation process considering both electrical and thermal effects, and to validate it through in-vivo experimentation. Moreover, we propose a methodology for measuring the electrical potential in different points of a biological tissue during the application of a train of pulses to measure the distribution of the electric field inside the tissue. For this application, needle-based electrodes have been developed to achieve the least invasive measurement possible. These tools are aimed to improve the application of the electroporation treatment by reducing its side effects. Show more

Keywords: Electroporation, finite elements analysis, electric field potential measure

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209118

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Geantă, V. | Voiculescu, I. | Kelemen, H. | Manu, D. | Molnár, G. | Kelemen, G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new generation of Mg-based metallic alloys appears to be particularly promising in the field of biocompatible materials. These alloys have a controlled biodegradability in biological or living fluids. In this paper, nine Mg–Ca–Zn alloys with different chemical compositions were produced and analysed. The production of magnesium alloys by conventional technologies invariably introduces impurities from the refractory lining, which is not permitted in medical systems to be implanted into the human body. During levitation melting, the metal is maintained inside the inductor at a certain distance from the coil, avoiding the contact with any other material, by the action of …induction currents. The induction currents cause the mixing of the chemical elements inside the melt, providing the homogeneity of the alloy. The alloys were produced in the levitation induction melting furnace under controlled atmosphere. By combining the effects generated by the magnetic field created in metallic parts, there was possible to hold, heat and melt solid material inside a specifically designed inductor fed by a medium frequency converter. The EDS analysis revealed the chemical compositions, and microhardness tests HV0.1 and microstructural analysis were performed in order to establish the hardening effects and the homogenization degree of the solid solutions. Show more

Keywords: Induction melting, levitation, magnesium alloys, microstructure, microhardness

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209113

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Cristofolini, A. | Popoli, A. | Neretti, G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a multi-stage numerical methodology for the description of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge physics in air is discussed. The behavior of the heavy species is computed using drift-diffusion equations. Electrons are taken into account by solving a non-linear formulation of electrostatics. The physical effects of the steamer discharges are modelled by means of a simplified 0D approach. The model also includes a semi-implicit 0D model for the assessment of the elementary chemical processes occurring in air. The developed methodology is employed for the simulation of a volumetric Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor. The obtained species number density and surface …charge deposition rates and are shown and discussed. Show more

Keywords: DBD plasma, dielectric barrier discharge, plasma modelling, plasma processing, plasma actuators

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209120

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2020

Authors: Kulyk, Illya | Dalla Pria, Christian | Dughiero, Fabrizio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Application of air plasma jet was studied for the materials of light industry (rubber, wood, fabrics). Regulation of temperature of remote plasma was used to apply high energy treatment on thermo-sensitive materials like denim fabric. Air plasma jet with adjusted plasma temperature permitted to realize effective colour fading of denim without heat damaging of denim fabric.

Keywords: Atmospheric plasma, jet, denim, colour fading

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209110

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2020

Authors: Gil-Flores, L. | Salvador, M.D. | Penaranda-Foix, F.L. | Fernández, A. | Suarez, M. | Rosa, R. | Veronesi, P. | Leonelli, C. | Borrell, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Innovative non-conventional approaches, such as microwave sintering, are being developed as a method for sintering a variety of materials which shown advantages over conventional sintering procedures. This work involves an investigation of the microwave sintering of an ATZ composite with two different microwave applicators and frequency generators: 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Zirconia doped with ceria and toughened with alumina (10Ce-TZP/Al2 O3 ) is the composite used in this study. The samples were sintered by microwave in air at 1200 and 1300 °C with 10 min of dwell time at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz in order to evaluate their effects on sintering, using an optimized …experimental configuration. In addition, the mechanical properties of MW-sintered samples were compared with those obtained for the same composites sintered by the conventional method (1500 °C/120 min), such as relative density, hardness and fracture toughness. Show more

Keywords: Zirconia-alumina composites, ceria, microwave sintering, low temperature degradation, phase transformation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209108

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2020

Authors: Barglik, J. | Ducki, K. | Kuc, D. | Smagór, A. | Smalcerz, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper deals with the Consecutive Dual Frequency Induction Hardening of small gear wheels made of the special quality steel AISI 4340. Mathematical model of the process is elaborated. A special emphasis is put on a determination of hardness and microstructure calculated by the modified QT steel software. Exemplary computations are compared with measurements and reasonable accordance between them is achieved. An expected contour shape of the hardened zone is obtained. However for the analysed case the shape of the hardened zone is non-uniform. In order to achieve its uniform thickness along the working surface of tooth shorter heating times …and higher power delivered to inductor-gear wheel system should be applied. Show more

Keywords: Induction surface hardening, critical temperatures, hardness, tempered martensite

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209111

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Xu, L. | Wang, E.G. | Karcher, C. | Deng, A.Y. | Xu, X.J. | Han, Z.F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new type of EMBr, named Vertical-Combine Electromagnetic Brake (VC-EMBr) was introduced to investigate its applicability and adaptability. The characteristics of electromagnetic field and flow field inside a 1500 mm × 70 mm funnel shape mold with Ruler-EMBr and VC-EMBr have been compared. The simulation results indicate that in the funnel shape mold of thin slab continuous casting, the static magnetic field generated by Ruler-EMBr can cover the entire wide faces of the funnel shape mold, which can produce a breaking effect directly on the discharging jet flow. The static magnetic field generated by VC-EMBr can control both the funnel shape mold …narrow faces and the impingement region of jet flow, which can effectively restrain the molten steel flow in the upper recirculation zone. Show more

Keywords: Vertical-combine electromagnetic brake (VC-EMBr), Ruler-EMBr, funnel shape mold, thin slab continuous casting, static magnetic field, jet flow and molten steel flow

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209106

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Geninatti Crich, S. | Ruggiero, M.R. | Forzan, M. | Sgarbossa, P. | Sieni, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The chemical, geometric and thermal properties of nanofluid obtained dispersing the same type of nanoparticles in water, octane and buffer solution after inclusion in polylactic and glycolic acid (PLGA) were investigated by means of an experimental set-up in adiabatic conditions. The Mn-ferrite nanoparticle were obtained by thermal decomposition. The aim is to obtain some very thermally performant nanoparticles suitable to treat cancer by Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH). The heating properties of 1 ml suspension samples of the NPs were studied applying a time varying magnetic field of 27.1 kA/m at 245 kHz, a typical frequency for MFH, using a power generator and a …cylindrical inductor. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia, Polylactic and Glycolic acid (PLGA), Mn-ferrite nanoparticles

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209112

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2020

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Dughiero, Fabrizio | Forzan, Michele | Sieni, Elisabetta

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209100

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-2, 2020

Authors: Lucia, S. | Navarro, D. | Sarnago, H. | Lucia, O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Modern induction heating systems involve usually many non-linear systems with different constraints, making difficult implementing classical controllers. In this context, model predictive control arises as a powerful technique able to provide high performance controllers with advanced functionalities. This paper will discuss the benefits of this control technique for induction heating systems and will provide an example of application for domestic systems. As a conclusion, MPC will help powering future induction heating systems with improved control capabilities and performance.

Keywords: Induction heating, model predictive control, optimization, power electronics, resonant power conversion

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209104

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Pérez-Tarragona, Mario | Sarnago, Héctor | Lucía, Óscar | Burdío, José M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Flexible cooking surfaces, eg. fully active surfaces, have gained lately an increasing importance in the domestic induction heating. Multi-inverter structures are a cost-efficient solution to develop this technology. However, they add control restrictions that can be solved with a power factor corrector (PFC) stage as proposed in this work. The proposed converter and modulation strategy work with zero voltage switching (ZVS), decreasing the switching losses, enabling a higher working frequency and, therefore, decreasing the magnetic devices size. The bus voltage is controllable and can be increased, easing the load power control and decreasing current through load and inverter and, …so, the power losses. Besides, the switching frequency is constant in the mains cycle and can be modified to synchronize the load inverter and the PFC stage avoiding intermodulation noise. A 3.6 kW prototype has been implemented fulfilling the EMC requirements. The experimental waveforms and efficiency have been measured to prove the feasibility of this proposal. Show more

Keywords: Power factor corrector, resonant power conversion, zero voltage switching, home appliances, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209114

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2020

Authors: Goldsteins, L. | Ziks, A. | Sennikovs, J. | Liepins, V. | Geidmanis, D. | Sondors, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper aims to optimize niobium reactor electrical heating in deep vacuum conditions towards to original process of titanium production using vapour-phase reduction. The study aims to explore optimal electrical heating power of tungsten heater surrounded by molybdenum reflectors to reach temperature of niobium reactor up to 1200 [C] located in the vacuum chamber. Numerical modelling approach has been used to solve heat radiation problem using OpenFOAM solver coupled with Hemicube algorithm in a 3D, transient, parametric study varying electrical power and unknown emissivity coefficient of reflectors. The experiment in the same power range has been conducted obtaining temperature measurements …of 8 thermocouples across the system. The paper provides a comparison and analysis of temperature distribution in the system obtained by numerical and experimental studies, which allowed to calibrate unknown emissivity coefficient of reflectors. The study also revealed necessity of systems geometry modification to achieve desired temperature profile. Show more

Keywords: Electrical heating, high temperature, niobium reactor, vapour-phase reduction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209105

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Birjukovs, Mihails | Dzelme, Valters | Jakovics, Andris | Thomsen, Knud | Trtik, Pavel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents detailed results of neutron imaging of argon bubble flows in a rectangular liquid gallium vessel with and without the application of external horizontal magnetic field. The developed image processing algorithm is presented and its capability to extract physical information from images of low signal-to-noise ratio is demonstrated. Bubble parameters, velocity components, trajectories and relevant statistics were computed and analysed. A simpler version of the code was applied to the output of computational fluid dynamics simulations that reproduced the experiment. This work serves to further validate the neutron radiography as a suitable method for monitoring gas bubble flow …in liquid metals, as well as to outline procedures that might help others to extract data from neutron radiography images with a low signal-to-noise ratio resulting from high frame rate acquisitions required to resolve rapid bubble motion. Show more

Keywords: High frame rate neutron imaging, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), two-phase flow, image processing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209116

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2020

Authors: Vaishnava, Prem P. | Goldstein, Robert C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many induction heating coils use soft magnetic composite materials (SMC) to improve induction heating system performance. In demanding induction heating applications, the core loss in the soft magnetic composite material is one of the critical factors in predicting the reliability of the induction coil using computer modelling. In this paper we have used calorimetry method for experimentally determining core losses in SMCs up to ≈1 T magnetic flux densities at a frequency near 150 kHz. This paper contains a discussion on the limitations of current methods for calculating core losses. To address these limitations, a new method for calculating core losses is …presented. The results of the core loss measurement did not fit well with traditional core loss models over the full range of magnetic flux densities. A discussion on the different models and a hypothesis for the source of the variation from the models is presented. Show more

Keywords: Soft magnetic composite (SMC), iron core losses, Steinmetz equation, Bertotti’s equation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209109

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Guillén, P. | Sarnago, H. | Lucía, O. | Burdío, J.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recent developments in domestic induction heating seek to increase the cooking surface flexibility while maintaining cost-effective implementations. In order to do so, the interconnection of classical topologies or the optimized design of new ones is being prospected. This approach usually leads to a higher complexity in the power control strategies. Thus, multiplexed load power control is used due to its versatility with the different topologies. Despite the advantages of this technique, power variations over the different pots generate a change in the forces between those and the inductors that might generate acoustic noise. This paper analyses multiplexed load power control …and its restrictions and presents a modulation strategy based on switching frequency and duty cycle variation that allows a soft-transient load activation and deactivation, reducing the generated acoustic noise. Show more

Keywords: Power control, acoustic noise, home appliances, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209115

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020

Authors: Li, Jiahao | Yang, Guolai | Fan, Yumeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper investigates the braking force characteristic of permanent magnet eddy current brake with high acceleration. Compared with the braking force characteristics under quasi-static condition, the braking force considering the effect of high acceleration lags behind the quasi-static braking force before and after the critical speed. Meanwhile, there is a transition phase near the critical speed, and the peak value of the braking force is higher than that in the quasi-static approximation. The calculation of braking force under quasi-static condition is derived by solving the boundary value problem. The accuracy of the analytical model and the finite element model is …verified through comparing the results of both models. The influence factors on the braking force characteristics are further analyzed. The results show that the increasing of the conductivity, thickness of conductor plate and the length of the permanent magnets can increase the effect of acceleration. The effect of acceleration has little relation with the permanent magnet height and the air gap length. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current brake, electromagnetic force analysis, high acceleration, permanent magnets

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190141

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2020

Authors: Du, Chuanbao | Liu, Zheng | Mao, Congguang | Qin, Feng | Cui, Zhitong | Sun, Dongyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper examines with statistical analysis of transient response for typical vehicle mounted antenna - monopole on conductive plane varying multiple random field parameter distributions of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) by employing the combinations of Method of Moment (MoM) method and a high computational efficiency statistical analysis tool called polynomial chaos expansion method (PCEM).The main procedures of the combination method are composed of two following steps: Firstly, the frequency-domain transfer function of the antenna port response for the monopole is derived by using MoM and then the transient current response is obtained with inverse Fourier transform; Secondly, the statistical model …with multiple random input parameters are calculated by PCEM according to the transient response data. The statistical indicators of the model concentrate on the confidence interval of the transient response, the Probability Density Function (PDF) and Cumulative Probability Density Function (CDF) of the current peak. The paper not only focuses on the random radiated field parameter such as elevation, azimuthal angle, polarization angle and magnetic dip angle but also considers height of burst, ratios of plane length versus antenna height, and antenna down-tilt angles. The analysis results demonstrate the validation of the proposed statistical method and provide the reference base for system HEMP survivability evaluation and protection design. Show more

Keywords: Monopole, HEMP, uncertainty analysis, MoM, PCEM, transient response

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190125

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2020