International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Ahn, Dahoon | Kim, Hyunchang | Choi, Kyungwho | Choi, Young-Man | Lim, Jae-Yong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic levitation is state-of-the-art technology to realize 6 degree of freedom motion stages. The major weakness of magnetic levitation technology is the small force of the actuators, since electromagnetic actuators usually have small force compared to other actuators. Moreover, they always have to be turned on in order to compensate for the weight of the stage. In this paper, voice coil motors, a kind of electromagnetic actuator, are designed for a magnetic levitation stage. Two different types of voice coil motors are mathematically modeled, analyzed and optimized to obtain high force. According to the optimized final designs, the voice coil …motors are manufactured and their performances are evaluated. The optimal design results are compared with the finite element simulations and the test results of the manufactured products. Both types of voice coil motors show high force. The results are quantified and compared. Through the design process and the evaluation of the voice coil motors, a practical design guideline for a voice coil motor is suggested. Show more

Keywords: Voice coil motor, optimal design, aspect ratio, force capacity

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190029

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-24, 2019

Authors: Ju, Lufeng | Tao, Wenqiang | Wang, Qunjing | Li, Guoli | Zhou, Rui | Qiao, Yuanzhong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A novel three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) spherical motor based on the principle of minimum magnetic reluctance is proposed in this paper. This paper firstly introduces the structure of the reluctance spherical motor and explains the principle of 3-DOF motion of the motor in detail. Then, an analytical model for reversible torque-angle characteristics is established to accurately describe a complex nonlinear system of the spherical motor model by using piecewise function nonlinear fitting method. Finally, the simulation results of torque-angle characteristics based on the nonlinear model are compared with those of the 3D finite element method (FEM), which verifies the feasibility of the …nonlinear modeling. Show more

Keywords: Spherical motor, 3-DOF, nonlinear modeling, torque-angle characteristics, FEM

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190072

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2019

Authors: Audiffred, D.B.S. | Possamai, T.S. | Travassos, X.L. | Ida, N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Composite materials have diverse engineering applications including the automotive, energy and aerospace industries. In manufacturing aircraft structures, the material is expected to endure atmospheric discharges. The present paper aims to model some of the effects of lightning strikes on a composite materials modeled through numerical simulation. The simulation is based on the finite-difference time-domain method which allows analysis the electromagnetic and thermal effects related to the problem. Aerospace standards are taken into account for modeling a lightning strike on a composite plate. The thermal distribution is evaluated based on results obtained from an electromagnetic simulation of the lightning strike effect. …Since multiphysics problems are complex, the hypotheses adopted to obtain the results are also discussed. Results show the current density distribution on a carbon fiber reinforced plastic plate varying with the anisotropy characteristics of the material. From the thermal simulation it is shown that the lightning strike can cause a rise in the composite temperature over 900 °C with only 1 μs of interaction with the material. Show more

Keywords: Lightning strike, composites, numerical modeling, multiphysics modeling

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190045

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2019

Authors: Su, Sanqing | Wei, Luxi | Wang, Wei | Yang, Yiyi | Ma, Xiaoping | Zuo, Fuliang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT) is a nondestructive testing technique that can detect early damage of component. In order to distinguish the effect of normal stress and shear stress on magnetic field, the flexural loading testing of inclined steel box girder with corrugated web is carried out by four-point bending pattern, and the normal component of the magnetic field at different position of the beam under different load level are collected. It is found that the law of normal component of the magnetic field changing with load is similar under different stress states, but the amplitude is quite different. The …stress in Jiles–Atherton model can be replaced by equivalent stress when calculating the magnetic field under shear stress. Show more

Keywords: Metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT), bridge steel Q345qC, four-point bending, shear stress, equivalent stress

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190075

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2019

Authors: Yao, Xing-Yan | Pecht, Michael

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetorheological (MR) damper is a smart device which the damping force can be adjusted according to the working operations in a short time. Metal foam MR damper is a new type of MR dampers in which uses the metal foam to store and release the MR fluids. The dynamic response time of the metal foam MR damper is quite different due to the added metal foam especially for the dynamic response time model. This paper proposed a dynamic response time model for the metal foam MR damper based on the demonstration of the working mechanisms and the factors about the …response behaviors. Show more

Keywords: Magnetorheological (MR) fluid, MR damper, metal foam, dynamic response time model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190063

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2019

Authors: Qiu, Hongbo | Zhang, Yong | Yang, Cunxiang | Yi, Ran

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The application of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) driven by inverter is becoming more and more extensive. However, the voltage harmonics generated by the inverter will have a severe impact on the motor torque ripple. In order to analyze its impact, a 1500 r/min 3 kW SPMSM is taken as an example. Firstly, the two-dimensional finite element model is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the experiment. Secondly, the torque ripple is calculated and analyzed. The influences of voltage harmonic amplitude and voltage harmonic initial phase angle on torque ripple are mainly studied, and the variation law …is obtained. At the same time, in order to distinguish the influence of higher harmonics on torque ripple, the voltage harmonics is decoupled to get the variation law of torque ripple. Finally, based on the analysis of the current ripple and air gap magnetic density, the influence mechanism of voltage harmonics on torque ripple is revealed. The conclusion is helpful to optimize motor design and improve motor performance. Show more

Keywords: Air-gap flux density, finite element method, SPMSM, torque ripple, voltage harmonic

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190010

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2019

Authors: He, Yunfeng | Zhan, Jiawen | Lu, Qinfen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to fast calculate the thrust force and normal force of linear induction motor (LIM) for low-speed maglev train under overall conditions including traction and braking, this paper proposes an improved equivalent circuit (EC) method. Firstly, the improved equivalent circuit model is proposed based on the traditional one by adopting a precision correction factor, which can accurately consider the transverse edge effect of cap-shape secondary conducting sheet. Moreover, the permeability of back-iron and magnetic inductance are amended considering the saturation effect. The corresponding calculation procedure is given out. Then, the precise correction factor is investigated based on 2D finite …element (FE) model. By comparison with the traditional Russell and Norsworthy correction factor (RNF), the precision correction factor is proved to be more suitable to LIM with wide-range slip frequency. Finally, the thrust force and normal force of LIM with different slip frequency are predicted under braking and traction conditions by improved EC method. The predicted results and the proposed method are validated by 3D FE method and experiment results. Show more

Keywords: Braking condition, equivalent circuit (EC) method, linear induction motor (LIM), low-speed Maglev train, normal force, slip frequency, transverse edge effect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190053

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2019

Authors: Hao, Yang | Heng, Liu | Fan, Yang | Zhenwei, Ji | Bing, Gao | Min, Gong | Boda, Zhou | Chenzhi, Zhu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The special working condition of shore power cable is more likely to form a crack air gap in insulating medium, which will cause gap discharge. The continuous gap discharge will cause local temperature rising and stress concentrating, which will lead to cable insulation deterioration. The electro-thermal-stress coupling method, in this paper, is used to establish the finite element model of the shore power cable. The electric, temperature and stress field distribution for the shore power cable with a crack air gap in the insulating medium is also studied, and the correctness of temperature and stress field distribution is verified by …experiments. In addition, this paper investigated the variation law of the ampacity for shore power cable under different discharge energy. The results show that the maximum electric field is equal to the electric field intensity (36.1 kV/cm) at the inner edge of the insulating medium when the gap length d = 2 mm and that the temperature and stress of the cable are quadratic with load current, linear with the gap discharge energy. The research results of this paper have an engineering significance for monitoring shore power cables. Show more

Keywords: Shore power cable, multi-physics field, discharge energy, ampacity

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190088

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2019

Authors: Xing, Jichun | Ren, Wendi | Qin, Yong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: For a non-contact piezoelectric motor modulated by an electromagnetic field, the design scheme of a piezoelectric micro-displacement amplifying mechanism is described. The relation formula between the output displacement of piezoelectric stacks and the output angle of the mechanism are given. Using the theory of electromagnetism, the static output torque equation of electromagnetic coupling mechanism based on the output angle of the piezoelectric amplifying mechanism is established, and the effect of system parameters on the static output moment is analyzed. Considering this piezoelectric motor driven by square wave signal, the dynamic output torque equation of the non-contact piezoelectric motor is established, …and the effect of system design parameters on the dynamic output torque is revealed. The analysis results show that the different output step precisions of the piezoelectric motor can be obtained by adjusting the length of the bar 1. A reasonably selected output angle is beneficial to increase electromagnetic torque. When the air gap is reduced to improve the torque, a larger output torque can be obtained by designing a reasonable output angle. At a certain amplitude of modulation voltage, the reasonable combination of external resistance and modulation signal frequency is beneficial to the design of an ideal dynamic torque response waveform and larger dynamic torque amplitude. The above analysis results can lay a theoretical foundation for the design of a high-performance non-contact piezoelectric motor modulated by electromagnetic and the optimization of the drive scheme. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic torque, non-contact, modulated by an electromagnetic field, flexure hinge mechanism

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-180116

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2019

Authors: Lin, Chih-Hong | Chang, Kuo-Tsai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Compared with the classical linear controller, the nonlinear controller can result better control performance for the nonlinear uncertainties of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) system which is driven by the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). The better control performance can be shown in the nonlinear uncertainties behavior of CVT system by using the proposed novel admixed improved recurrent Hermite polynomial neural network (AIRHPNN) control system. The novel AIRRHPNN control system can carry out overlooker control, improved recurrent Hermite polynomial neural network control (IRHPNN) with an adaptive law, and reimbursed control with an appraised law. Additionally, according to the Lyapunov stability theorem, …the adaptive law in the IRHPNN and the appraised law of the eimbursed controller are established. Furthermore, two weights with two varied learning rates according to increment Lyapunov function are derived to help improving convergence. Finally, comparative examples are illustrated by the experimental results to confirm that the proposed control system could be obtained better control performance. Show more

Keywords: Continuously variable transmission, Lyapunov stability, recurrent Hermite polynomial neural network, synchronous reluctance motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-180079

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-28, 2019