International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Zhou, Deqiang | Jiao, Tianqi | Gao, Xue | Zhou, Runtao | Sheng, Weifeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Since Remote field eddy current (RFEC) detection technology is barely limited by the skin effect, it can realize the defect detection of large-thickness components. Whereas, the structure of the RFEC probe for the planar conductor is complicated, resulting in an oversized probe. This hinders the application and development of the RFEC testing technology. In this paper, finite element simulations and experimental verification are used to optimize the RFEC probe structure for flat conductors. The results have shown that the thickness of the magnetic shield is the dominant factor in achieving high performance of RFEC inspection of flat conductors. When inspecting …both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic flat conductors, cylindrical magnetic shields with appropriate thickness and appropriate excitation frequencies are preferred for improvement of RFEC testing. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic shielding, RFEC, energy flow analysis, nondestructive testing

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220089

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2022

Authors: Liu, Xin | Zhang, Yuting | Wang, Xiaoyuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet toroidal motor (PMTM) is a novel spatial motor that integrates toroidal drive system and permanent magnet synchronous motor. The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) with planet rotor eccentricity is the main cause of vibration in PMTM. In this paper, the analytical model of magnetic field with planet rotor eccentricity is established with the consideration of magnetic flux leakage. The calculation results of eccentric magnetic fields are compared with simulation results of finite element model. Based on the Maxwell tensor method, the analytical model of UMP with planet rotor eccentricity is established. The changes of UMP with initial eccentricity are …obtained. The UMP is analyzed with the effects of eccentric distance and angle. The transient variations of UMP are discussed with different eccentric situations respectively. In addition, both simulation and calculation results for UMP have a good agreement, which verifies the validity of analytical model. Show more

Keywords: Toroidal motor, rotor eccentricity, magnetic field, UMP

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220025

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2023

Authors: Kamel, Noureldeen M. | Faried, Andrew M. | Shehata, Omar M. | Hammad, S. | Farhoud, Saleh M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper discusses Design, Implementation and Control of Series Elastic Actuator (SEA). This model was mainly dependent on usage of mechanical off-shelf components which are weigh cheaper to purchasable models developed by companies. For an appropriate performance-to-cost component selection, cost-constrained design requires careful evaluation of important performance criteria. In addition, we used These models to create force and position tracking controllers that combine PID and disturbance observer control architectures model and practical based. SEA can be used as a compliant actuator, We have been keen to utilize a collaborative robot and tackle the safety issues that arise when robots and …humans interact as well as the cost issue. As a result, The goal of this study is to show how to design and install hardware as well as implementing some software programs to produce a fully functioned University of Texas Series Elastic Actuator (UT-SEA). Show more

Keywords: Humanoid robots, compliance, series elastic actuators robotic manipulators, UT-SEA

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220139

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S13, 2022

Authors: Ma, Guoliang | Zhang, Meng | Wang, Hongxi | Song, Siyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the field of intelligent drive and sense, the traditional actuator can realize linear actuation and lacks sensing function. Therefore, a new sensing actuator is designed, which can not only output force and displacement, but also have thrust anti-torque sensing function. Firstly, the model of piezoelectric actuator is designed, and the geometric and mechanical models are established. Furthermore, the geometric relationship of mechanical and electrical parameters is analyzed. Secondly, the optimal included angles are determined after finite element analysis and optimization. Finally, the maximum output displacement is obtained through finite element analysis, and the maximum strain position is pointed out. …Besides, the rotational stiffness is obtained. The results show that the modeling method and simulation results are accurate. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric, actuator, maximum strain

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220097

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S7, 2022

Authors: Tomizawa, Takuma | Guo, Yijun | Yusa, Noritaka

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, a simulation-assisted probability of detection (POD) analysis that considers multiple flaw parameters and signal features is presented, including an evaluation of its applicability to eddy current testing for weld inspection. In the proposed method, both the real and imaginary parts of eddy current signals were considered, unlike conventional methods that only consider signal amplitude. Type 304 stainless steel plates were joined by butt welding, and slits were fabricated on the weld path. The eddy current inspection was conducted using a uniform eddy current probe. Numerical simulations were also performed using the finite element method, with the model …imitating the experimental situation. The POD contours were calculated using the proposed method, and they exhibited a reasonable tendency. In addition, the 95% lower confidence intervals of the proposed and conventional PODs were compared and were almost equal with respect to the decision threshold, indicating the applicability of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Multi-parameter, POD, slit, butt weld, detection capability, uniform eddy current, stainless steel

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220123

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S9, 2022

Authors: Kikuchi, Hiroaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for ferromagnetic steel using spectrum analysis of induced voltage at a pickup coil and magnetic flux density has been studied. A voltage induced at the pickup coil was measured, and the corresponding magnetic flux density was calculated. Then, their frequency spectrums were obtained through a Fourier analysis. For deformed specimen, higher harmonic components decrease as compared with undeformed specimen. The wave distortion factor for the induced voltage and the magnetic flux density were defined and evaluated. Those values decrease with increasing reduction ratio of the specimen; this means the waveforms of induced voltage and magnetic flux …density for a less deformed specimen has a large distortion in those waves. Those changes reflect a nonlinearity of the magnetization curves of the specimen. The results in this study indicate a potential of magnetic NDE using spectrum analysis of measurement wave forms. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic NDE, harmonic, spectrum, distortion factor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220134

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S7, 2022

Authors: Givvisis, Panagiotis | Sergiadis, George | Vyzantiadis, Timoleon-Achilleas | Antonopoulos, Christos S. | Symeonidou, Ioanna | Doukas, Anargyros | Kourounis, Drosos | Rabias, Ioannis

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A microbicidal Protecting Breathing Device using an Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) air-sterilization unit, is designed and analyzed. The system is producing short-wave UV light which inactivates bacteria, viruses, and protozoa and it is connected to a full-face mask supplying sterilized inhaled air to the user and in a unique way, also sterilizes the exhaled air back to the ambient environment so covering the case of an asymptomatic transmitter. A dedicated control system is developed and built in the device for a full surveillance of the system.

Keywords: Breathing device, UVC

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220153

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S6, 2022

Authors: Xiao, Shilong | An, Siguang | Zou, Guoping

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the high requirements for performance of antennas in the modern communication system, more and more objectives need to be considered, which makes the antenna design unendurable time-consuming and hard to converge. To obtain the Pareto solutions for antenna design effectively and efficiently, a dual reduction method is incorporated in an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D). To obtain information about conflicting objectives on the Pareto front, the size of the MOEA/D neighbourhood is dynamically adjusted; to improve the speed and accuracy of finding redundant objectives, PCA and Pareto impact ratio are used as dual objective-reduction criteria. …Numerical results in solving the mathematical benchmark problems, an antenna array problem and Yagi-uda optimal design demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce redundant objectives and increase the convergence speed. Show more

Keywords: MOEA/D, dual objective-reduction method, inverse problem, antenna design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220131

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S8, 2022

Authors: Kawada, Kohei | Kuromizu, Masafumi | Gotoh, Yuji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The cementite is often deposited on spheroidal graphite cast iron materials used in industrial machinery during manufacturing. Since the cementite is extremely hard and brittle, the cast iron may be damaged when the stress is impressed to the cast iron containing the cementite. Therefore, it is important to estimate the volume fraction of cementite contained in cast iron. However, at present, destructive inspection is generally performed to estimate the presence and volume fraction of cementite in the cast iron. In this research, an electromagnetic non-destructive inspection method to estimate whether the cementite is contained in spheroidal graphite cast iron is …proposed. The surface of the cast iron is rough, so the distance (lift-off : L o ) between the electromagnetic sensor and the cast iron is changed slightly depending on the measurement position. By this method, lift-off (L o ) and the cementite content can be detected with an accuracy of less than about 10%. Show more

Keywords: Spheroidal graphite cast iron, cementite, finite element method, electromagnetic field analysis, play model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220201

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S11, 2022

Authors: Rong, Zhongwu | Iwamoto, Yuhiro | Ido, Yasushi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid (TSMF) is a functional fluid that enables heat transfer due to the temperature difference and magnetic field. Using this property, we can increase the driving force while promoting heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer area, in the same manner as a heat sink. However, when multiple cylinders are juxtaposed, the interference between the cylinders will greatly affect the heat transfer. In the present study, we used the hybrid lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a TSMF around two side-by-side heating circular cylinders under a solenoidal magnetic field. As the …magnetic field increases, the heat transfer effect increases. Moreover, when the distance between the cylinders is close enough, the heat flow becomes unstable. Under the same magnetic field conditions, the unstable flow can promote heat transfer. Show more

Keywords: Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid, heat transfer, flow around cylinder, numerical simulation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220141

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. S1-S8, 2022