International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 72, issue 2

Authors: Ouili, Mehdi | Mehasni, Rabia | Feliachi, Mouloud | Latreche, Mohamed El Hadi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this work, an identification of the electrical conductivity of material 𝜎 was carried out. This is accomplished by formulating and solving an inverse problem based on the minimization of an objective function using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. Such a function represents the difference between the experimentally measured final ejection position and that numerically computed by solving the material magnetic separation problem. For this, the coupled magnetic field and the material dynamic governing equations were numerically solved using the finite element (FE) and Runge–Kutta (RK4) methods. The strong correlation observed between the computed and measured final position of …the separated material verifies the accuracy of the proposed identifying approach. Show more

Keywords: Electrical conductivity, finite element, identification, inverse problem, magnetic separation, particle swarm optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220248

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 103-114, 2023

Authors: Di, Chong | Bao, Xiaohua | Pan, Jin | Wang, Chunyu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A comprehensive study of a ferrite magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM) for the forklift applications by using open-source platform is introduced in detail in this paper including both modelling and electromagnetic design aspects. On the electromagnetism modelling side, this paper uses Elmer as the core and combines other open-source packages covering the preprocessing, solving, and postprocessing sections to build the finite element model of the FMaSynRM. On the electromagnetic design side of the FMaSynRM, this paper mainly discusses the single-double layer winding arrangement, rotor topology, and demagnetization performance. And the power, efficiency, and current maps of the finalized machine …at different speeds and loads are estimated by the finite element method (FEM) using the open-source platform, which takes different control logics into consideration. Finally, the predicted results by FEM are verified by the tested results. The modelling method by using open-source platform and design procedure of the FMaSynRM presented in this paper can also be used in the design of other electrical machine types in the adjustable speed applications. Show more

Keywords: Open-source platform, finite element method (FEM), ferrite magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (FMaSynRM), single-double layer winding

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220086

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 115-135, 2023

Authors: Liang, Shimin | Yang, Guolai | Al-Zahrani, Ahmed | Li, Lei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As a new type of permanent magnet arrangement in the eddy current brake (ECB), the Halbach array is gradually gaining attention thanks to its excellent magnetic field utilization. However, the absence of an accurate theoretical model causes great distress in the design phase of the ECB. To tackle this, this article establishes a subdomain model that can intuitively observe the influence of structural and material parameters on the magnetic field and eddy current braking force. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified by the finite element method (FEM). The calculation results show that the eddy current braking force is …the largest when the relative velocity of the primary and secondary reaches the critical velocity value. The recoil equation of motion is introduced to analyze the change law of the braking force under intensive impact load. A small prototype impact test platform was set up to analyze the change of braking characteristics of the ECB under the impact load. To reduce the weight of the ECB, the multi-objective optimization of the ECB parameters is carried out. The vital structural mass of the ECB is reduced by 19.44% while meeting the recoil requirements. Show more

Keywords: Eddy current brake, subdomain model, braking force, intensive impact load, multi-objective optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220138

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 137-157, 2023

Authors: Wu, Jie | Deng, Bingbing | Huang, Hao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper studies on the permanent magnets configuration on the transmission torque of the multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the magnetic circuit models of traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA) and Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA) are established, and the magnetic flux density within the MR fluid working gaps has been derived in order to evaluate the merits of the designed MR coupling. A 3D FE magnetic-fluid analysis has been necessary following the initial conceptual analysis, in order to study the influence of key parameters on the transmission torque. The results show that the transmission …torque of the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array is 33.45% higher than that of the ordinary permanent magnet array, with a same structure size. For the MR coupling with Halbach permanent magnet array, the unilateral magnetic focusing effect is better with the increase of the residual flux density of the secondary magnetic pole as well as the radial length of magnetic pole. And the single side magnetic focusing effect is the best when the main magnetic pole is 15°. The influence of the magnetic pole angle on the transmission torque has been further studied. Show more

Keywords: Multi-pole bilayer magnetorheological (MR) coupling, traditional permanent magnet array (TPMA), Halbach permanent magnet array (HPMA), permanent magnet, transmission torque

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220227

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 159-174, 2023

Authors: Tong, Yujian | Li, Chong | Fang, Jiwen | Xing, Jichun | Fu, Xiaorui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To increase the output displacement of the linear piezoelectric actuator, a linear piezoelectric actuator with large displacement and three operation modes is proposed. The operating principle of the piezoelectric actuator is presented. The magnification factor of the displacement amplification mechanism is deduced and verified by finite element analysis. To improve the output precision of the actuator, a feedforward PID control model is established. Based on the experimental test platform, the output characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator are tested. Results show the maximum output displacement of the piezoelectric actuator is 558.3 μm under a driving voltage of 150 V with two piezoelectric stacks. …When the driving frequencies are less than 3 Hz, the control accuracy of feedforward PID is higher than that of PID, and the error between the measured displacement and the ideal value is less than 10% after applying the control to the piezoelectric actuator. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric actuator, large displacement, modeling, feedforward PID, experiments

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220232

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 175-197, 2023

Authors: Zhao, Lei | Liu, Chengcheng | Wang, Youhua | Yang, Yiming

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the effect of higher harmonics on magnetic properties under actual complex operating conditions, the accurate calculation of core losses of soft magnetic composites (SMC) is complicated. First, this paper improves the existing SMC model by introducing a correction factor to correct the hysteresis loss coefficient so that the model can consider the local variation characteristics of the magnetic density waveform and then calculate the core loss under different harmonic excitation. Then, the influence of skin effect and inhomogeneous flux density within the ring sample model is analyzed. Finally, to validate the improved model, it is compared with other …models in the reference based on experimental measurements, respectively. The results show that the core loss calculated by the improved model is closer to the experimental results under different harmonic excitations. In addition, the applicability of the improved SMC model under triangular and square wave excitations is also verified by the derivation of the equations. Show more

Keywords: Soft magnetic composite (SMC), finite element models, non-sinusoidal excitation, correction factor, core loss

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220280

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 199-217, 2023