Work - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Erol, Özgül | Küçükkaya, Burcu | Yenici, Ecehan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU) regarding the work-index-nursing work environment, the effect level ICU environment has on the nurses’ care behaviors and stress levels of the nurses should be determined. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the nurse manpower on care behaviours and stress level of the nurses working in the ICU. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample of the study consisted of 123 nurses working in the ICUs. The data were collected using the survey form, Distress Thermometer (DT), The Practice Work Environment Scale …of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and Caring Behaviors Scale-24 (CBS-24). RESULTS: The mean age of nurses in the ICU was 30.2±5.6 and the mean of working time in the intensive care unit of nurses in the ICU was 3.7±3.1 years. The mean of the DT was 4.8±3.4, and the mean score of PES-NWI was 2.6±1.0 and the mean score of CBS-24 was 4.7±1.1 in nurses in the ICU. The regression model which was studied to investigate the relationship between caring behaviors and stress and nurse manpower of nurses working in intensive care unit was significant. CONCLUSION: Care behaviors and stress levels of nurses working in intensive care units are negatively affected by insufficient nurse manpower. Show more

Keywords: Intensive care unit, nurse, nurse manpower, caring behaviors, stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220710

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Wu, Kevin A. | Anastasio, Albert T. | Kim, Joshua K. | Choudhury, Ankit | Adams, Samuel B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused notable shifts in healthcare behavior, influenced by remote work policies. This study examines the impact of Work from Home (WFH) policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries, utilizing Google search trends. Understanding these trends is crucial for healthcare providers, enabling them to adapt services and communication to evolving patient needs during challenging times. OBJECTIVE: To comprehend variations in search volume and trends for ankle-related queries due to WFH policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Ankle-related terms accessible to laypersons were analyzed using Google Trends data from March 2018 to March …2022 in the United States. Data were divided into pre-pandemic (March 2018-March 2020) and post-pandemic (March 2020-March 2022) periods. Weekly search interest data for 20 terms were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test. The study aimed to identify significant changes in search interest, providing insights into public information-seeking behavior concerning ankle surgeries. RESULTS: Among the 20 terms analyzed, 11 exhibited significant changes. Ankle arthritis and ankle bursitis showed increased interest, suggesting heightened concern during the pandemic. Conversely, post-pandemic interest decreased for terms 9 terms, including ankle pain and ankle tendonitis, indicating reduced worry. Moderate declines were noted for ankle gout, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis, reflecting shifting patient priorities. Some terms, including ankle fracture and ankle arthroplasty, showed stable information-seeking behavior despite the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the nuanced impact of WFH policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries. Varied search trends highlight changing patient concerns. Healthcare providers can use these insights to tailor services effectively, meeting evolving patient needs and enhancing communication strategies. Show more

Keywords: Orthopaedic, ankle surgery, work from home, pandemic, COVID-19, telemedicine

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230621

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024

Authors: Liu, Wenyao | Meng, Qingfeng | Li, Zhen | Ai, Xijie | Chong, Heap-Yih

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Frontline supervisors have the most frequent interactions with workers on construction projects. Although Supervisors’ Safety Leadership (SSL) is commonly practiced, its specific inter-relationship with workers’ safety violations remains unclear, especially when it comes to detailed interactions between supervisors and workers, such as supervisors’ safety coaching/safety controlling/safety caring against workers’ situational/routine safety violations. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to uncover the intrinsic relationship between SSL and safety violations from the perspective of construction workers with the help of mediating variables at both organizational and individual levels. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted to test all hypotheses based …on empirical data from 346 construction workers. The path coefficient of the fitted model was then analyzed, including associated mediating effects. RESULTS: Situational safety violations are directly affected only by safety caring (β= –0.161, p  < 0.05), while routine safety violations are impacted only by safety coaching (β= –0.159, p  < 0.05). SSL can influence different types of safety violations through differing mediators. In particular, safety coaching acts on individuals’ routine safety violations mainly through self-efficacy (β= 0.199, p  < 0.01; standardized indirect effect = –0.121, 95% CI[–0.226, –0.024]); safety controlling is more oriented to influence individuals’ situational safety violations through group safety norm (β= 0.383, p  < 0.001; standardized indirect effect = –0.091, 95% CI[–0.177, –0.036]); and safety caring further influences individuals’ situational safety violations mainly through safety motivation (β= 0.581, p  < 0.001; standardized indirect effect = –0.263, 95% CI[–0.418, –0.146]). CONCLUSION: The research enhances existing knowledge by clarifying the complex relationships between supervisor behavior and safety outcomes, particularly from the perceptions of construction workers towards supervisors’ actions and leadership. Show more

Keywords: Supervisors’ safety leadership, construction worker, safety violations, safety motivation, group safety norm, self-efficacy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240048

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024

Authors: Alves, Roberta A. | Penna, Thaísa A. | Silva, Michel O. | Oliveira, Bruno R.R. | Oliveira, Aldair J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had major impacts on the physical lives of individuals, especially on home office workers. In this way, the practice of physical activity has been identified as an ally in the reduction and prevention of musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity and musculoskeletal pain in adult workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 374 workers of both sexes (age = 46.5±10.5 years). Leisure-time physical activity, number of pain sites, and musculoskeletal pain status were investigated using a questionnaire designed for the study. Statistical …analysis was performed using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS: A significant association was found between physical activity status and the number of pain sites (p  = 0.002). In addition, an inverse association was found between physical activity before and during the quarantine and the number of pain sites (two pain sites – OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.2–0.7; three or more pain sites – OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.1–0.5). Physical activity interruption during quarantine increased pain perception by 2.86 times (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.0–7.5). CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that physical activity before and during the pandemic was a protective factor for body pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more

Keywords: Physical activity, exercise, musculoskeletal pain, adults, workers, pandemics, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230364

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Wong, Jasin | Su, Han | Kudla, Angelika | Munsell, Elizabeth G.S. | Ezeife, Nnaemezie | Crown, Deborah | Trierweiler, Robert | Capraro, Pamela | Tomazin, Stephanie | Park, Mirang | Heinemann, Allen W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual’s health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) with financial independence, enhances their well-being and self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. People with physical disabilities often retain job skills and motivation to return to work after acquiring a disability. Their vocational rehabilitation and job accommodation needs likely differ from people with disabilities resulting from developmental, sensory, cognitive, and mental health conditions. To better target the needs of PWPD and improve vocational rehabilitation services, it is crucial to identify the modifiable factors that influence their …employment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to examine systematically the client-, employer-, and context-related facilitators and barriers to employment experienced by PWPD. METHODS: We recruited to this cross-sectional study, PWPD from the Midwestern United States who returned to work after injury or illness. An online survey collected data on demographic characteristics and educational history; disability and functional status; supports, facilitators and barriers to employment; and job information and accommodations. RESULTS: 347 working-age PWPD completed the survey; at the time of survey completion, 270 were working and 77 were not. People with physical disabilities who reported social support and encouragement at work were more likely to be working than respondents who did not. Negative attitudes of supervisors and colleagues, inaccessible work environments, and inflexible work schedules were barriers to employment. Important reasons for working included financial needs, a sense of purpose, and self-worth. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the importance of social supports in the work environment. Novel approaches are needed to develop supportive relationships with supervisors and coworkers. Show more

Keywords: Rehabilitation, vocational, return to work, work, employment, supported, unemployment, disabled persons

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220721

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Imeshtari, Valentin | Imeshtari, Anila | La Torre, Giuseppe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last years cardiovascular risk has decreased in grown adults and elderly while it seems to be rising among young adults. OBJECTIVE: to assess the 10-year cardiovascular risk (CVR) in young healthcare professionals at the teaching hospital in Rome, using two scores, and identify possible determinants in order to design and implement preventive strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2019 and July 2020. Participants underwent medical history collection, physical examination, and blood tests. CVR was calculated using CUORE and Framingham Risk Scores. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted having …the scores as dependent variables. Diagnostic tests were used for checking model assumptions. RESULTS: The study was carried out including 525 participants, 58.5% physicians and 32.1% nurses. Multivariate analysis was carried out only for men, since the pp plot for the whole population and for females for the dependent variables showed some evidence of non-normality, and the residual plot shows variance of the residuals was not constant across the range of fitted values. CVR, using the Framingham equation, directly correlated with age (β = 0.260; p  < 0.001). Using the CUORE score, qualification as a physician (p  < 0.001) is associated with a lower risk of having a CVR, while age (p  < 0.001) is directly proportional to this risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age consistently emerges as a prominent factor, positively influencing both the Framingham risk score and CUORE score, but this association was found only for men. Being a doctor is a protective factor for the CUORE score. Show more

Keywords: Framingham, CUORE score, healthcare workers, cardiovascular diseases, cardiac event

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220701

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024

Authors: Boden, Leslie I. | Pan, Yixin | Gregas, Matt | McTernan, Melissa | Peters, Susan E. | Bhagia, Div | Wagner, Gregory R. | Sabbath, Erika L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have addressed whether using manager or worker perceptions of safety policies and practices alone predict reported injury rates less accurately than using both. OBJECTIVE: This study provides an example and describes a method that can be used to address this issue with survey instruments designed to measure safety climate, policies, or practices. METHODS: Using multilevel logistic regression, we estimated the relationship between worker and manager perceptions of a given exposure and the odds of worker injury during the post-survey year for three safety scales. We tested whether surveying both workers and managers provides …additional predictive value compared with surveying just one group, RESULTS: Injury in the year following the survey was significantly associated with worker scores on two of the three scales. Manager responses were not significantly associated with injury and did not significantly improve injury rate prediction when added to a model with only worker survey responses. CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of manager-only or worker-only perceptions of safety policies and practices to predict worker injuries should be established before choosing to survey just one or the other. The approach and findings in this paper can be applied to other survey instruments and in other settings to help make this choice. Show more

Keywords: Survey research, safety policies and practices, injury prevention, occupational safety and health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240029

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024

Authors: Björk-Fant, Janina M. | Nordmyr, Johanna | Forsman, Anna K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-life balance is associated with many positive effects at multiple levels and demands increased research attention. In the international literature on work-life balance, the term “gendered life-course” has been used to describe the differences between men and women in work biographies. However, whether this term applies to the Nordic work context remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This study examined Finnish men’s and women’s subjective experience of the association between work-life balance and the psychosocial work environment (work demands and social support at work) across the life course, devoting special attention to family life stages encompassing the care of (young) …children. METHODS: Data from the Quality of Work Life Survey 2018 were utilized to conduct binary logistic regression analyses (N  = 3790). Separate analyses were conducted for men and women. RESULTS: A significant association between family life stage and high work-life balance was found for women but not for men in the Finnish working life. Women in family life stages involving the care of young, dependent children reported the lowest odds of high work-life balance. For both men and women, a positive association between social support at work and high work-life balance was found, while a negative association was found between work demands and high work-life balance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial factors in both the work and family settings for work-life balance. Further, the findings call for an expanded focus on gender equality, also including issues in unpaid work in addition to issues in paid work. Show more

Keywords: Work-life balance, psychosocial factors, life span, gender equality, scandinavian and nordic countries, work environment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230166

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Rossetto, Gianluca | Sala, Emma | Albertelli, Ivan Ferdinando | Donatoni, Claudio | Mazzali, Marco | Merlino, Valeria | Paraggio, Emilio | De Palma, Giuseppe | Lopomo, Nicola Francesco

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of work-related tasks with potential biomechanical overload on the musculoskeletal system represents an essential socio-economical challenge. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map the current literature to identify musculoskeletal disorders and diseases among healthcare professionals and define the approaches used to assess these problems. METHODS: The analysis was developed according to the JBI methodologies for scoping reviews and reported following the PRISMA-ScR framework. RESULTS: We conducted specific searches on online databases; of the 357 articles initially identified, only 118 met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Despite some discrepancies in their …unambiguous identification, the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare professionals is unequivocal. On the other hand, using technology as a supporting evaluation tool still needs to be explored. Furthermore, several improvements are required to enhance the quality of work and simplify the analysis across studies. Show more

Keywords: Healthcare professionals, musculoskeletal disorders, questionnaire, assessment technologies

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230577

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Memon, Muhammad Rizwan | Memon, Hina | Memon, Sarwat | Memon, Shahzad | Bhurgri, Humera | Baig, Muhammad Nadeem | Khattak, Osama | Iqbal, Azhar | Issrani, Rakhi | Prabhu, Namdeo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Safety signs are very important communication tools for accident prevention, fire safety, health hazard information, and emergency evacuation. However, they are helpful only when properly designed and understood by employees. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the awareness of health and safety signs amongst health care workers including doctors, dentists and paramedics in different health care sectors across Pakistan. METHODS: Data was collected via Google forms circulated through WhatsApp social media to predetermined groups of health care professionals to assess their understanding of safety signs across different health sectors. The survey …included questions pertaining to awareness of 19 different health and safety signs complied with International Organization for Standardization 1710 and the Safety Signs and Signal Regulations 1996 chosen randomly. RESULTS: A total of 987 people participated in our study and were asked to comprehend the meaning of nineteen health and safety signs. The mean comprehension score for 19 signs was 42.2%. The mean score for warning signs was the lowest and fire safety signs was highest. The lowest comprehension scores were for oxygen cylinder sign (W029) 7.5% and highest for first aid sign (E003) 75.9%. Only two signs, that are first aid (E003) and mandatory gloves (M009) had acceptable comprehensive score of 75.9% and 73.7% respectively as per ISO 7010 i.e. >67%. Statistically significant differences were found only for trip hazard sign (W007) with respect to education and for risks of bomb explosion (W002), ionising radiation (W009), evacuation assembly point (E007), location of automated external heart defibrillator (E010) and mandatory gloves (M009) with work experience. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we conclude that there is dire need of special and frequent training to better recognize the safety signs amongst health care employees since these kinds of interventions promote early detection of hazards and their associated risks. Thus, we propose that health care safety sign training must be included in every health care profession curriculum. Show more

Keywords: Safety, health care, accident prevention, workplace, curriculum, emergencies

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240064

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Tang, Meirun | Fu, Lifei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Amidst the post-COVID-19 economic downturn and the expanding higher education landscape in China, employee employment challenges have given rise to the widespread overqualification issue. This phenomenon has attracted extensive attention and is prompting a need for an in-depth exploration of perceived overqualification. However, existing studies predominantly concentrate on its outcomes rather than antecedents, leaving a notable gap in understanding the influence mechanism between individual advantageous resources (e.g., job embeddedness, career adaptability) and overqualification, particularly in specific events such as career shocks. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the interplay between employees’ career adaptability, job embeddedness, and the …mediating role of relative deprivation in shaping perceived overqualification, particularly in the aftermath of career shocks. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis was conducted using data gathered from 339 questionnaire responses. Partial Least Square (PLS) path analysis, R’s necessary condition analysis (NCA), and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm were employed to scrutinize the relationships and identify critical factors influencing perceived overqualification. RESULTS: The findings indicate that after encountering career shocks, career adaptability and job embeddedness not only directly impact perceived overqualification but also exert their influence indirectly through the mediation of relative deprivation; Career adaptability, job embeddedness, and relative deprivation are necessary conditions for perceived overqualification, with relative deprivation having the most significant impact. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, focusing on the psychological changes of employees after suffering career shocks provides valuable guidance for managers in channelling the emotional and cognitive responses of their employees. Show more

Keywords: Conservation of Resources Theory, Turnover Unfolding Model, Relative Deprivation, Career Shocks, Overqualification, Necessary Conditions Analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230587

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: Chen, Na | Hu, Yitong | Liang, Man | Qin, Xiangnan | Liu, Jun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research on muscle activity to reduce injuries during firefighting training has getting increasing attention. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the activity changes in nine muscles of firefighters during the seven firefighting training programs, and to analyze the influence of different firefighting training programs on muscle activity. METHODS: Ten healthy male firefighters were recruited to measure the field surface electromyographic activities (including the percentage of Maximum Voluntary Contraction electromyography (% MVC) and the integrated electromyography value (iEMG)) during all the firefighting training programs. RESULTS: The results showed that the electromyographic …activity of gastrocnemius (GA) was stronger in climbing the hooked ladder and climbing the six-meter long ladder training programs. Arms, shoulders, and lower limb muscles were more activated, myoelectric activities were more intense, and fatigue in these areas was more likely to occur during climbing five-story building with loads. Compared with other muscles, erector spine (ES) had a higher degree of activation during different postures of water shooting. The Borg scale scores of shoulders, trunk, thighs and calves were also higher. CONCLUSION: After completing all training programs, GA, tibialis anterior (TA), trapezius (TR), and ES were strongly activated, and all muscles had obvious force. The % MVC and iEMG analyses correspond well with the Borg Scale score. The results can provide certain reference for reducing the musculoskeletal injury of firefighters, carrying out scientific training and formulating effective injury prevention measures for them. Show more

Keywords: Firefighter, muscle activity, ergonomics, surface electromyography (sEMG), % MVC, iEMG, firefighting training program

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230614

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Yağar, Fedayi | Gerçek, Emine | Dökme Yağar, Sema | Tunç, Ahmet

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Social capital is an important resource that enables employees to build trust-based relationships with other individuals and groups in the workplace. Although the evidence reveals the effect of employee empowerment on burnout, the moderator role of social capital in this relationship is still unexplored. However, considering the health employees who have mental health problems and increased dissatisfaction with the COVID-19 epidemic, the importance of determining the antecedent factors that may affect burnout plays an even more critical role. OBJECTIVE: The effect of the epidemic process on the burnout level of health employees was examined. In addition, the …effect of employee empowerment on burnout was examined and the moderate role of social capital was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 492 health employee completed the measures of social capital, perceived empowerment, and burnout. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results. RESULTS: The burnout levels of health employees were low (2.00±1.34). Social capital had a moderating effect on the negative effect of employee empowerment on burnout (β = 0.191). Apart from that, employee empowerment (β = –0.192) and social capital (β = –0.508) were negatively associated with burnout level (p  < 0.05). CONLUSION: These results are expected to provide useful recommendations to management in the health sector to reduce burnout among health employees by focusing on social capital and employee empowerment. Show more

Keywords: Social relations, employee productivity, psychological problems, pandemic, hospitals, Turkey

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230049

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024

Authors: Ollé-Espluga, Laia | Vargas-Leguas, Hernán | Torrens Mèlich, Lluís | Juan Serra, Marta | Arcas, Maria Marta | Cortès-Franch, Imma

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2018, Barcelona City Council implemented a pilot phase of an organisational change in the municipal home care service (HCS) system. Inspired in the Buurtzorg model, the new model promotes the creation of self-managing teams operating in a restricted community setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the pilot phase of the new model, focusing on employees’ working and employment conditions as well as on their health and well-being outcomes. METHODS: Mixed-methods impact evaluation. First, a quantitative evaluation was conducted between October 2018 and October 2020, using a pre-post study design with one pretest and two posttest measurements …in an intervention and a comparison group. The intervention group was composed of the members of the work teams implemented in the pilot phase from October 2018 onwards (baseline n  = 44). The comparison group consisted of workers from the same districts working under the usual HCS system (baseline n  = 72). Next, a qualitative study was conducted in workers from the intervention group in winter 2021–2022 (n  = 10). RESULTS: The pre-post study results yielded positive changes for the intervention group in social support and autonomy, as well as in many of the employment conditions. This group also experienced increases in psychological demands, painful positions, fatigue and psychological distress. Two main themes affecting workers’ well-being emerged from the interviews: factors inherent to the self-management model and external factors. CONCLUSIONS: Health and well-being outcomes seem to depend on the balance between job demands, resources, and ways of channelling conflicts within teams. Show more

Keywords: Home care services, self-organising teams, employment conditions, working conditions, health, evaluation study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230668

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: Matheson, Leonard N. | Verna, Joe L. | Mayer, John M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multidimensional Task Ability Profile (MTAP) is a measure of self reported physical work capacity developed for injured workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to determine readiness to return to work. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the concurrent validity of a new short form MTAP (MTAP-SF) comprised of 16 lifting and/or carrying items with the MTAP 55-item version. The hypothesis addressed is whether the validity of a version that imposes less respondent burden (MTAP-SF) would be comparable to the more burdensome instrument (MTAP-55). METHODS: MTAP scores were compared with demonstrated lift capacity in 1,252 healthy adults. Parallel …regression analyses were conducted to examine the explanatory power of both MTAP versions. RESULTS: Age, gender, body mass and MTAP-SF explained 55% of the variance (p  < 0.001) in demonstrated lift capacity, equivalent to MTAP-55. CONCLUSIONS: Self reported performance in physical work capacity tasks accounts for significant variance in lifting performance. MTAP-SF diminishes respondent burden while maintaining validity and may be useful for managing MSDs by enhancing understanding of the evaluee’s psychophysical component in return-to-work rehabilitation planning. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, work capacity evaluation, return to work, functional capacity evaluation, physical functional performance, occupational health, disability evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230438

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Jia, Hongyan | Liang, Shuanrong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Today’s youth is facing environmental changes. The environmental behavior of adolescents is critical to mitigating the negative impacts of these environmental problems. OBJECTIVE: According to value – basis theory and Value-Belief-Norm theory, the current research examines the link between biospheric values and pro-environmental behavior, together with the mediating and moderating effects of environmental self-identity and environmental concern. METHODS: We conducted cluster sampling of students in grades four to nine. A total of 1,053 students participated in the survey, and 763 valid data records were finally obtained (the return rate was 72.46%). RESULTS: The …findings indicated that: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between adolescents’ biospheric values and pro-environmental behavior; (2) there was a significant positive correlation between adolescent biospheric values and environmental self-identity; there was a significant correlation between adolescents’ environmental self-identity and pro-environmental behavior. The relationship between biospheric values and adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior is mediated by environmental self-identity; (3) adolescents’ environmental concern moderates their biospheric values and affects the latter half of pro-environmental behavior through environmental self-identity. Environmental self-identity has a greater predictive impact on pro-environmental behavior when there is a higher level of environmental concern. CONCLUSIONS: This paper proposes and verifies the positive relationship between biospheric values and adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior, as well as the mediating role of environmental self-identity and the moderating role of adolescents’ environmental concern. Show more

Keywords: Pro-environmental behavior, biospheric values, environmental self-identity, environmental concern, adolescents

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230471

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Honkonen, Niina | Lamminpää, Anne | Liira, Juha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work ability meetings (WAM) are an essential and common tool of disability management in occupational health services in Finland. Meetings are held between an employee, a supervisor, and an occupational physician (OP). The aim is mainly to support work ability. OBJECTIVES: To describe challenges and resolutions in the meetings as described by OPs. METHODS: An internet survey was emailed to the members (n  = 1304) of the Finnish Society of Occupational Health Physicians in August 2014. We asked physicians to describe those WAMs they had attended, especially challenges and resolutions concerning WAM. RESULTS: A …total of 302 (23%) OPs responded to the survey. Most severe of the challenges were personal conflicts and a lack of confidence between the parties at the workplace. Also, the participants’ views may differ about the purpose and goal of the meeting. The respondents noted that the employer might be unable to organize modified work for disabled employees. As a resolution, OPs need to prepare well and maintain their professional and neutral role in WAMs in all cases. OPs also mentioned the need for training in insurance medicine and rehabilitation as well as skills as a mediator. CONCLUSIONS: WAM is a potential tool for return to work and disability management in collaboration between employees, employers, and occupational health when all the participants reach a common goal and become aware of their role in the process. OPs need to recognize possible conflicting interests and contact each party before WAM. Keeping confidentiality in WAMs is a crucial matter. Show more

Keywords: Cooperation within the workplace, occupational health, communication, return to work, supervisor, negotiation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230331

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024

Authors: Bulut, Aliye | Atici, Erhan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is crucial that emergency health workers respond to people exposed to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear agents appropriately and in a timely manner. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to find out how much Turkish emergency health workers know about chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards, as well as identify what possible factors contribute to their level of knowledge. METHOD: The data were collected from 321 participants using a personal information form as well as a questionnaire about chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards prepared in accordance with the literature. RESULTS: The results revealed …that the place of residence and status of choosing the profession willingly showed no difference in terms of being trained on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards (p  >  0.05). Likewise, the participants under the age of 25 years, who were single and had a tenure of less than 10 years highly believed that they did ‘not have a sufficient grasp of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards’. Women also highly believed that they did ‘not have a solid grasp of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards.’ CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals who work in high-risk zones should be given compulsory training about chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards so that they become more aware of how to best deal with such situations. Show more

Keywords: CBRN threats, emergency health workers, health personnel, knowledge level

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230219

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Pélissier, Carole | Varano, Mariasole | Moulin, Martine | Carcasset, Pierre | Fontana, Luc

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In a context of reorganization of the activity, of increase of the psychological, emotional and physical constraints of the nursing staff induced by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of the anxiety disorders could occur. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety disorders in healthcare workers (HCWs) by wards and to investigate medical, personal, and occupational factors associated with anxiety disorder. METHODS: In France, in May 2020, a monocentric observational cross-sectional study was proposed to 285 HCWs of the University Hospital of Saint Etienne, working in 3 types of …randomly selected care wards. Information was collected using an anonymous self-questionnaire offered to eligible HCWs. Validated questionnaires were used to assess anxiety (Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory). RESULTS: Of the 164 HCWs who participated in the study (57% participation rate), 69 (42%) caregivers had anxious symptomatology. The prevalence of anxiety disorders did not differ significantly by type of wards. Anxiety disorders are significantly associated with occupational factors (increased COVID-19 stress level, increased emotional load, increased mental load, high work/life stress during confinement, emotional exhaustion and loss of empathy), with medical factors (medical history of anxiety disorders, psychotropic treatment and impaired sleep quality) and personal factors (concern about working conditions and/or media reports). CONCLUSIONS: Preventive actions focusing on organizational factors could be carried out to reduce the emotional and mental load, the level of stress and the burnout of HCWs. Show more

Keywords: First wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, mental health, occupational stress, burnout

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230428

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Rogerson, Shane | Brearley, Matt

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the event of a severe occupational heat-related illness, paramedic assistance may not be immediately available. A worker’s survival may depend on their co-workers access to efficacious field-based cooling modalities. One cooling method that has been claimed to be practical in field-based settings is the ice towel method. OBJECTIVES: This case study assessed the practicality of the ice towel method in an industrial setting, where criteria for use include cost effectiveness, portability, scalability, and implementation by a single worker under the stress of an emergency. METHODS: This case study describes the emergency application of the …ice towel method while awaiting paramedics, for a worker suffering suspected exertional heat stroke on a remote job site. RESULTS: Ice towels were able to be transported to a remote field site and applied successfully by a single worker under the stress of a potentially life-threatening emergency. CONCLUSIONS: The ice towel method was cost effective, scalable, transportable, and rapidly applied in a field-based emergency. This case study demonstrates the importance of organizations assessing their heat-related risks, and determining controls based upon their efficacy and practicality for their unique setting. Show more

Keywords: Core temperature, heat stroke, heat illness, workers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240060

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024

Authors: Myles, Louise | Massy-Westropp, Nicola | Barnett, Fiona

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable assessment of hand function. Interpretation of HGS is commonly done using normative data. Normative HGS data HGS considers the influence of age and gender without adjustment for anthropometric measurements or functional factors known to influence HGS. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential relationship of select anthropometric measurements (height, weight, hand length and width, forearm length and circumference) and functional factors (hand dominance, work and lifestyle category) to HGS. METHODS: This study included a sample of 119 males and 96 female workers from North Queensland. HGS and six anthropometric measurements were …obtained using calibrated instruments and reliable measurement protocols. Age and gender along with three functional factors were documented by self-report. RESULTS: Right and left mean HGS was greater for individuals who performed heavy/very heavy work (58.1±10.1 kg and 54.1±10.9 kg respectively) compared to light (38.5±12.3 kg and 35.5±11.8 kg) or medium work (44.1±10.8 kg and 40.0±12.9 kg). Mean HGS was greater for individuals who performed heavy/very heavy activity (right 48.5±13.6 kg and left 44.5±13.7 kg) compared to light activity (right 36.3±11.2 kg and left 33.9±11.3 kg) within their lifestyle. HGS positively correlated with gender (p  = 0.0001), work (p  = 0.001) and anthropometric measurements of forearm circumference (p  = 0.001), hand length (p  = 0.006) and hand width (p  = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Easy to measure anthropometric measurements of forearm circumference, hand length and width are the strongest predictors of HGS in addition to an individual’s physical activity at work and in their lifestyle. Consideration of these factors could lead to improved evaluation of HGS scores. Show more

Keywords: Key words: Hand grip strength, JAMAR dynamometer, normative data, hand anthropometry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230519

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Jin, Haizhe | Zhou, Junnan | Zhang, Jiahao | Fu, Yongyan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The performance of healthcare workers directly impacts patient safety and treatment outcomes. This was particularly evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze research trends on factors influencing work performance among healthcare workers through bibliometric analysis and conduct a comparative analysis from macro and micro perspectives before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to complement the existing research. METHODS: This study involved a bibliometric analysis of 1408 articles related to work performance in the healthcare field published between 2010 and 2023, using the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases, …and 37 articles were selected to determine the factors influencing work performance. RESULTS: By conducting a bibliometric analysis of the articles based on country, institution, journal, co-cited references, and keywords, this study identified a significant growth trend regarding the factors influencing work performance in the healthcare field, and research hotspots shifted from organizational factors like standard towards psychological factors such as burnout, anxiety, and depression following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, this study extracted 10 micro-level and 9 macro-level influencing factors from the selected articles for supplementary analysis. Furthermore, this study conducted a comparative analysis of the impact of these factors on work performance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This study addressed the limitations of previous studies regarding incomplete extraction of factors influencing work performance and unclear comparisons of parameters before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provide insights and guidance for improving the performance of healthcare workers. Show more

Keywords: Healthcare workers, work performance, influencing factors, COVID-19 pandemic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230327

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2024

Authors: Chen, Yin-Che | Wang, Yu-Hsiang | Chu, Hui-Chuang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Workplace friendships, which are informal relationships in the workplace, foster mutual trust, assistance, and emotional support and create a sense of belonging among coworkers. Employees with positive perceptions of their job responsibilities, psychological needs, and work environment experience happiness, satisfaction, and an overall sense of well-being. A heightened sense of well-being in the workplace positively affects employee satisfaction with job tasks and the work environment, reinforcing employees’ sense of belonging and organizational commitment. OBJECTIVE: The study proposed and validated a theoretical model, with meta-analytic structural equation modeling employed to conduct quantitative, empirical research on workplace friendships, well-being, …and organizational commitment in Taiwan and to analyze correlations between relevant variables. METHODS: The theoretical model was further validated through structural equation modeling, which yielded favorable goodness of fit in terms of various indicators. RESULTS: The mediating effect of well-being was verified through bootstrapping analysis. Within a 95% confidence interval, the total effect size of workplace friendships on organizational commitment was 0.549, which is the sum of its direct effect (0.255) and indirect effect (0.294). CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that well-being plays a mediating role in the association between workplace friendships and organizational commitment. The proposed theoretical model in this study is supported. Finally, the research results are discussed, and practical suggestions are provided. Show more

Keywords: Workplace friendship, well-being, organizational commitment, meta-analytic structural equation modeling

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230482

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Askaripoor, Taleb | Siadat, Morteza | Saleh, Elahe | Aghaei, Hamed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents remain a critical challenge for healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, using the Bayesian network (BN) approach association among resilience, job satisfaction, stress, and occupational accidents among healthcare professionals is examined. METHODS: Data was gathered using several valid questionnaires. The BN approach was utilized to analyze the r5/31/2024ionships between the variables of the current study. The performance of BN analysis was evaluated using related indexes. RESULTS: In total, 300 healthcare professionals participated in this study. Results showed that almost 23% of healthcare professionals had experienced occupational accidents. Results of the …sensitivity analysis demonstrated that job satisfaction had the most significant influence on occupational accidents in healthcare settings. The belief updating analysis results showed that by increasing job satisfaction and decreasing stress of healthcare professionals the occurrence of occupational accidents decreased 9.8% and 6.4%, respectively. Moreover, decreasing the stress of healthcare professionals can lead to an increase in the level of job satisfaction. Evaluation indexes showed that the performance of the developed BN was acceptable (error rate: 16.09). CONCLUSION: The Findings reveal that both job satisfaction and stress had a significant influence on occupational accidents in healthcare professionals. Moreover, by influencing job satisfaction and stress, resilience can indirectly affect occupational accidents. Show more

Keywords: Resilience, job satisfaction, accidents, Bayes theorem, hospitals, occupational stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240178

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Eklund, Annika | Sterner, Anders | Nilsson, Maria Skyvell | Larsman, Pernilla

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transition programs for newly graduated nurses in hospital settings are reported to provide learning opportunities, strengthening confidence, workplace integration and skills, retention and job satisfaction. Still, our knowledge of long-term effects is scarce and few studies have used control groups. OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term impact of having attended a transition program on the nurses’ experiences of the first years of practice. More specifically, ideology-infused psychological contract, ethical stress, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, opportunities for learning, and intention to stay in the nursing profession, were explored as outcome variables. METHODS: …A questionnaire survey was carried out among registered nurses from November 2019 to January 2020, with a 54% response rate. The analysis was based on 149 nurses who had attended a transition program, and 72 who had not attended. The nurses had seniority between one and three years. Independent samples t -test were used to investigate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The two groups showed small and non-significant differences in the outcome variables. However, regarding the frequency of ethical value conflicts induced by insufficient resources, as well as experiences of ethical value conflict distress, the group of nurses who had attended a transition program showed statistically significantly higher mean values, although the effect sizes were small. CONCLUSION: Newly graduated nurses need more than transition programs and skills training to progress in their nursing role and develop competence, increase job satisfaction, and reduce stress. Achieving these goals requires a long-term supportive learning environment that is integrated into everyday work. Show more

Keywords: New graduated nurses, transition, well-being, job satisfaction, moral distress, turnover, hospital work environment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230537

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Davenport, Todd E. | Lee, Alan C. | Raja, Bhavana | Stark, Matthew L. | Reed, Christopher | Magnusson, Dawn M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telehealth is becoming more prevalent in physical therapy, involving a whole host of clinical services. These services are often provided without structured training in telehealth, and no formal curricula currently exist for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of educational competencies (ECs) to guide instruction of telehealth-related skills in entry-level programs (i.e., Doctor of Physical Therapy), existing programs (i.e., residencies and fellowships), and potential future post-graduate programs specific to telehealth physical therapy. METHODS: Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants from diverse geographic locations and practice areas were invited to participate on …an expert panel. A modified Delphi process was then used to evaluate the acceptability of draft ECs gathered from the extant literature by a steering group. Draft ECs were presented to the expert panel on a questionnaire, which asked expert participants to rate each draft EC according to applicability and clarity. Draft ECs were accepted if they met a priori established criteria for acceptability and clarity. Unendorsed ECs were revised by the steering group according to open-ended comments from respondents and presented during a subsequent round. Three rounds of surveys were undertaken. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants formed the expert panel; 38 participants completed the Round 1 survey, 28 participants completed the Round 2 survey, and 24 participants completed the Round 3 survey. Delphi group members approved 48 ECs in the first round, 23 ECs in the second round, and 2 ECs in the third round. There were 4 ECs that remained unendorsed after the modified Delphi process. Endorsed ECs spanned 7 conceptual areas. Distinct sets of ECs characterized expected end points of first professional degree, existing residency and fellowship, and potential future telehealth physical therapy post-graduate program. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based ECs identified in this study may guide instruction in knowledge and skills relevant to physical therapy telehealth. Show more

Keywords: Mobile health, virtual medicine, ehealth, telecare, competency based education, education, delphi study, consensus development

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230618

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024

Authors: Wong, Zhao Wen | Othman, Johan Awang Bin | Abdullah Sani, Mohd Najib | Tan, Tian Siang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pianists often suffered from postural related problems due to prolonged sitting and awkward postures. Despite that postural related problems are common among pianists, there is only one study found by the authors, which applied RULA to assess pianists’ postures, without any modification to the original RULA worksheet. None of the other existing literature has applied this postural assessment tool to assess the pianists’ overall posture. There is no existing Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) checklist that exactly fits into the context of piano playing, at least not without some modifications. OBJECTIVE: To propose a Rapid Upper Limb …Assessment for Pianists (RULA-p) for postural assessment, which will allow pianists to identify awkward postures (if any) during piano playing, thus, achieving healthful playing for injury prevention. METHOD: This study modified (i) the muscle use score; and (ii) the force/load score, from the existing RULA as a rapid assessment for pianists’ posture. RESULTS: Proposed the modified RULA for pianists (RULA-p) in the worksheet format. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study is intended to further expand the existing literature on the early prevention of pianists’ PRMDs. Show more

Keywords: Occupational health, occupational injuries, posture, ergonomics, observation, checklist, pianists, modified RULA for pianists (RULA-p)

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240143

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Cázares-Manríquez, Melissa Airem | Olguín-Tiznado, Jesús Everardo | García-Alcaraz, Jorge Luis | Camargo-Wilson, Claudia | Cano-Gutierrez, Julio Cesar | López-Barreras, Juan Andrés | García-Rivera, Blanca Rosa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal System Disorders (MSDs) are a group of injuries that represent common occupational diseases and should be evaluated for prevention purposes because an increase has been observed due to the repetitive movements performed in the industry. This research was carried out in a manufacturing industry where metal parts are manufactured, and workers experience back and wrist pain. OBJECTIVE: To prediagnose Musculoskeletal System Disorders (MSDs) and examine the relationship between temperature, demographic, and physiological factors in workers through predictive models, contributing to MSD prevention. METHODS: Information from 36 operators was used to obtain vital signs and …somatometry data, and thermograms of their hands in the dorsal, palmar, and back areas were collected and analyzed to determine the relationship between temperature and demographic and physiological factors. RESULTS: The ergonomic evaluations proved that the operators were at high risk owing to repetitive movements and postures adopted during work. Eighty-six percent of cases with injuries were identified using infrared thermograms, proving their high level of effectiveness. When studying the relationship between temperature behavior during recovery from repetitive activities and demographic and physiological factors, it was determined that age, dominant hand, respiratory frequency, and BMI were the most significant. CONCLUSIONS: Nine regression models were obtained, with coefficients of determination between 0.17 and 0.71. The significant factors for worker injuries were age, dominant hand, respiratory rate, and BMI. However, the sample size and variability in work activities should be extended to generalize the findings. Show more

Keywords: Thermography, occupational illness, risk factors

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230659

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Alam, Md Sarfaraz | Sharma, Milap | Jadhav, Ganesh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hot and humid indoor environment of the kitchen affects worker performance. The Indian Railway’s pantry car culinary is one of them that cooks food for the on-board passengers, which could be bothered by the hot indoor climate. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to identify the indoor working environment of the railway “pantry car” using heat stress indices such as “Universal Thermal Climate Index-UTCI,” “Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature-WBGT,” “Discomfort Index-DI,” “Tropical Summer Index-TSI,” “Heat Index-HI,” and Heart Rate-HR with clothing insulation. METHODS: The study was performed in 2018 (August-summer season) to collect field survey data on 6 railway pantry …cars. Measurements were carried out during peak cooking times such as morning “7 : 00 am”, day “11 : 30 am”, evening “4 : 00 pm,” and night “6 : 30 pm”. This study’s descriptive and Pearson’s correlation analysis was accomplished using SPSS version 2016 software. RESULTS: The analysis results revealed that the average values were for UTCI (37.77±5.26°C), WBGT (30.42±2.28°C), DI (30.05±2.70°C), TSI (33.21±2.90°C), HI (48.53±4.86°C), correspondingly. During analysis, the strongest correlation association was observed between “TSI and DI” (r  = 0.985, p  < 0.000) and WBGT and TSI (r  = 0.958, p  < 0.000). A “significant correlation” was found between UTCI and HI (r  = 0.637, p  < 0.05). While no signification correlation was found between “heat stress indices and physiological parameters (p  > 0.05)”. CONCLUSION: In this study, all the heat stress index limit values showed highly harsh working conditions inside the pantry car, which created unfavorable circumstances for the culinarians. Inappropriate “ventilation design” could be a reason for discomfort in the railway pantry car. Show more

Keywords: Heat stress, Indoor environment, kitchen, railway, Environmental ergonomics, thermal comfort, heart rate

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240207

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Beekman, Elizabeth M. | Van Hooff, Madelon M.L. | Adiasto, Krisna | Claessens, Brigitte J.C. | Van der Heijden, Beatrice I.J.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Technological advancements and the COVID-19 crisis have accelerated the adoption of telework, impacting employees’ work dynamics. Moreover, an aging workforce emphasises the need for sustainable employability. With reference to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, this study explores how telework relates to job demands and job resources and, subsequently, to sustainable employability. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigates the repercussions of increased telework on employees’ sustainable employability. Hypotheses posit direct and indirect (i.e., mediated) relationships, providing insights for evidence-based telework policies. METHODS: Data from 552 government employees was collected through an online survey. Data collection occurred during …the COVID-19 pandemic when widespread teleworking was prevalent. A path model was employed to analyse associations between telework, job demands (specifically work pressure), job resources (social support, workplace communication, and role clarity), and sustainable employability dimensions, including vitality, work ability, and employability. RESULTS: Our path model reveals that heightened telework was associated with elevated work pressure and diminished role clarity. Surprisingly, a positive association emerges between work pressure and sustainable employability. Notably, no significant relationship is found between telework, social support, and workplace communication. Role clarity is likely to be pivotal, positively influencing vitality and employability. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the effects of telework on job demands, resources, and sustainable employability. The unexpected positive association between work pressure and sustainable employability challenges conventional stressor paradigms. The relationships between telework, job demands, job resources, and sustainable employability uncovered in this study can contribute to evidence-based teleworking policies and strategies that support employee health and employability amidst evolving work structures. Show more

Keywords: Remote work, work from home, sustainable employability, Job Demands-Resources model, work pressure, social support, workplace communication, role clarity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240033

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024

Authors: Goutille, Fabienne | Degbelo, Agossé Nadège | Calleja, Cecilia | Garrigou, Alain | Candau, Jacqueline

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector in France is increasing and their working conditions are difficult and disgraceful. While they have been shown in various studies to be subject to processes that result in them being unable to act on occupational health, some of them, mobilized online, have formed a collective whose is permitted them to develop collective actions. OBJECTIVES: Our article aims to describe this online collective and how the power to act emerged from the discussions. The purpose it’s also to determine how the functioning of these groups fosters the expression of …a collective point of view and the achievement of goals that is not attained elsewhere. METHODS: We carried out a collaborative research online with a collective of seasonal workers, which consisted in following and taking part in discussions about conditions at work and outside of work, using an instant messaging tool. The results of this collaborative research, included testimonies registration and co-produced with seasonal workers, has been analyzed mobilizing A. Sen’s capabilities approach. RESULTS: During their online discussions, the seasonal workers allow themselves to share the situations of injustice they are subject to with the other members. Here, we present their output and collective actions which were made possible by the mobilization of the resources of some of their members or by collaborating with other actors. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the remarkable conversion factors made available through this collective action online, certain “failures” show that in order for these workers to have better access to their rights, effective support by public policy is indispensable. Show more

Keywords: Migrant workers, community based participatory research, health and welfare, community care networks, exposures, agriculture, pesticides, France

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230744

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: Harty, Bo | Gustafsson, John-Anders | Thorén, Monica | Möller, Anders | Björkdahl, Ann

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In a demanding working life, it is important to determine how individuals can thrive at work. In a previous study we investigated whether a program of gratitude interventions can increase psychological wellbeing, engagement, job satisfaction, and psychological capital showing promising results. THE OBJECTIVE: of the present study was to present the development of a manager coached group intervention program related to gratitude at workplaces and to investigate the effects of such a program on the same variables. METHODS: The intervention included five group sessions of gratitude dialogue between employees, supervised by their first line managers. …Participants were assigned to an intervention or control group. Assessments were made before and after the intervention program and followed-up at 6 months post-intervention. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Both groups completed instruments measuring positive psychological capital (PCQ), work engagement (UWES), psychological wellbeing (PGWB-S), and job satisfaction (aJDI). All managers were interviewed after the intervention. RESULT: Compared with the control group the gratitude dialogue intervention was found to significantly enhance psychological wellbeing, engagement, and job satisfaction. The results were supported by the interviews with managers. IN CONCLUSION: our results suggest that gratitude dialogues at work may be an effective way of improving employee wellbeing. Suggestions on how to improve the results from this kind of gratitude intervention further are presented. Show more

Keywords: Gratitude, group intervention, psychological capital, health, training the trainer

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220604

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Page, Laura | Meredith, Pamela | O’Reilly, Maria | Donohue, Genevieve | Stanley, Mandy

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited information focussing on the perspectives of persons with younger onset dementia (YOD) in employment. This poses challenges for supporting this demographic within the workplace and during their transition to retirement. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scoping review is to address the identified need to ascertain what is known about the perspectives of employees with YOD. METHODS: Records were included if they: considered working-aged persons who received a diagnosis of YOD whilst employed or soon after ceasing employment; considered the perspective of the person with YOD; and were published in English. Four databases …(CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) were systematically searched, and grey literature was sought using the Google Scholar search engine. Using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, two reviewers screened the title/abstract then full text of identified documents. Disagreements were resolved with a third reviewer. Research papers were narratively synthesised, thematically analysed, and critically appraised. RESULTS: Fourteen peer-reviewed research papers, and nineteen grey literature items were included in the review, with research papers found to be of reasonably high methodological quality. Five themes were identified, describing the experiences of employees with YOD: (1) Trying to manage difficulties prior to diagnosis; (2) Disclosure at the point of diagnosis; (3) Reasonable adjustments; (4) Employment cessation; and (5) Regaining meaningful roles following retirement. CONCLUSION: Findings revealed evidence for an emerging understanding of the lived experience of developing YOD within the workplace; however, further research is needed regarding the capabilities and support needs for persons with YOD to influence workplace policies and practices. Show more

Keywords: Diagnosis, disclosure, employment, qualitative research, retirement, social stigma, workplace

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230469

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-37, 2024

Authors: Bılgın, Nurcan | Çetinkaya, Aynur

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional identity encompasses the understanding of professional practices and the development of values and skills within a specific profession. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the suitability of the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale, originally developed by Adams et al. (2006), for Turkish culture and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of postgraduate nurses. METHODS: The study was conducted using a methodological approach. The sample consisted of 100 postgraduate nurses. Various analyses were conducted, including descriptive statistics of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total score correlation, and scale response bias for reliability assessments. …Validity analyses included assessments of language, content, construct validity, concurrent validity, and known group validity. RESULTS: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the 9-item Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale was found to be 0.85, indicating good internal consistency. Item-total score correlations ranged from 0.34 to 0.88. The confirmatory factor analysis goodness of fit indices, except for the AGFI index, had acceptable values after two modifications. The single-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. For concurrent validity, the scale demonstrated a positive and robust correlation with scores from the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, supporting its validity. In terms of predictive validity, a regression model was established to assess the relationship between independent variables and core professional identity, and the model was found to be at acceptable levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the Turkish adaptation of the 9-item unidimensional “Macleod Clark Professional Identity Scale” demonstrates acceptable levels of validity and reliability when administered to postgraduate nurses in Turkey. Show more

Keywords: Graduate, nursing, professional identity, psychometric, psychometric properties, reliability, validity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240163

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Talaski, Grayson M. | Baumann, Anthony N. | Kermanshahi, Nazanin | Walley, Kempland C. | Anastasio, Albert T. | de Cesar Netto, Cesar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telemedicine has seen increasing adoption in healthcare over the past two decades, with proven clinical efficacy in several medical specialties. Orthopedics surgery has shown potential benefits from telemedicine implementation. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on clinical outcomes and patient and physician preferences in foot and ankle orthopedics, providing insight into the potential role of telemedicine within this subspecialty. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for relevant articles on telemedicine in foot and ankle orthopedics. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles on telemedicine use and foot and ankle orthopedic care. Data included patient demographics, …reasons for visits, duration of telemedicine, and outcomes. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, and a narrative approach to describe outcomes. RESULTS: Out of 218 articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 1,535 patients. Telemedicine visits were used for follow-up care, opinion consultations, monitoring, postoperative care, and treatment of various orthopedic conditions. Clinical outcomes demonstrated equivalence to in-person care. Patients expressed satisfaction with telemedicine but preferred in-person visits for future appointments. Physicians held neutral attitudes towards telemedicine, with concerns about the lack of physical examination. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the benefits of telemedicine in foot and ankle orthopedics. Telemedicine provides an alternative to in-person visits, improving patient access to care and offering cost and time savings. However, patient and physician preferences for in-person visits suggest a need to address concerns related to physical examination limitations. Telemedicine can supplement traditional care, but further research is required to explore its applicability in new patient consultations and optimize physician engagement. Show more

Keywords: Telemedicine, foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery, systematic review, virtual orthopaedic visit

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230529

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Ghasemi, Mohamad Sadegh | Aghajafari, Raheleh | Abolaghasemi, Jamileh | Danesh, Mojtaba Khosravi | Garosi, Ehsan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The post-pandemic era has seen a surge in the popularity of Virtual Learning Management Systems (VLMS). However, there is a noticeable lack of tools to measure the usability of these systems. As technology evolves, user needs change, necessitating updated tools for system evaluation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop and validate a VLMS usability questionnaire, specifically designed to assess the usability of a university learning management system METHODS: The VLMS usability tool was systematically developed based on relevant domains identified in existing literature and expert opinions. It was then tested for face validity, content validity, …and reliability. In a case study, the tool was distributed among 200 students from a Medical Sciences university who had used the Navid VLMS system. RESULTS: Semi-structured interviews with experts were analyzed using directed content analysis, resulting in 21 items categorized into four domains: effectiveness, reliability, learnability, and security. The content validity index and ratio were 0.939 and 0.976, respectively. The Intra Class Correlation (ICC) estimates for each section of the questionnaire ranged from 0.8–0.9, indicating high reliability. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.97, suggesting excellent internal consistency. The case study results showed that the Navid platform achieved an average usability score of 70.36, with a standard deviation of 10.6, indicating moderate to high usability. CONCLUSIONS: The VLMS usability tool is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the usability of the Navid learning management system. It can be used to improve the usability of the Navid system and serve as a benchmark for assessing the usability of other similar VLMSs. Show more

Keywords: Usability, virtual education, remote learning, scale development

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230290

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Lecours, Alexandra | Bédard-Mercier, Roxanne | Hong, Quan Nha | Maclure, Joanie | Vincent, Claude | Lord, Marie-Michèle

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telework is increasingly prevalent and holds the potential to serve as an accommodation, facilitating inclusion and promoting healthy participation among various segments of the workforce, such as aging employees, individuals with chronic illnesses or those living alone with one or more dependents. Nevertheless, this promising avenue presents management challenges that remain underexplored in the literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the challenges in telework management related to accommodations, inclusion and the health of workers with life situations entailing specific needs. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive interpretative study grounded in Social Exchange Theory, by collecting …data through interviews with 9 managers and conducting focus groups involving 16 workers. We used a thematic-analysis approach to analyze the data. RESULTS: We identified seven overarching themes encapsulating management challenges that relate to accommodation (e.g., maintaining a balance between the benefits for the worker and the impacts on the organization) inclusion (e.g., maintaining team cohesion) and health (e.g., managing teleworkers’ emotions). CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the significance of fostering robust social exchanges across hierarchical levels, and they highlight the necessity of equipping managers with the requisite tools to navigate the ethical quandaries arising from accommodation requests. Show more

Keywords: Qualitative research, social exchange theory, ethical dilemma, aging workers, diversity, equity, inclusion

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240208

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Zhang, Yaqian | Wang, Yujiao | Wang, Chonggao | Zhao, Zhibin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Teaching will bring work stress and affect emotions, as well as require a high level of professional identity. However, few have examined trilateral relationships between work stress (in terms of challenge-hindrance stress), professional identity, and emotional labor among Chinese preschool teachers during COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: Based on the conservation of resource theory, this study aimed to examine the relationship between challenge-hindrance stress, emotional labor, and professional identity, as well as explore the mediating effects of professional identity between job stress and emotional labor among Chinese preschool teachers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 753 preschool …teachers completing a self-report questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect testing. RESULTS: Research indicated that 1) challenge-hindrance stress was positively correlated with surface acting (r  = 0.21, p  < 0.01, and r  = 0.28, p  < 0.01) but negatively correlated with the expression of naturally felt emotions (r  = –0.08, p  < 0.05, and r  = –0.12, p  < 0.01); 2) Challenge-hindrance stress was negatively correlated with professional identity (r  = –0.08, p  < 0.05, and r  = –0.20, p  < 0.01); 3) Professional identity exhibited positive correlations with the three dimensions of emotional labor (r  = 0.12, p  < 0.01; r  = 0.64, p  < 0.01; and r  = 0.56, p  < 0.01) and partially mediated the relationship between challenge-hindrance stress and emotional labor. CONCLUSION: The study underscored that challenge-hindrance stress affected emotional labor directly and indirectly through the mediating role of professional identity. Interventions focusing on alleviating work stress and promoting professional identity through comprehensive training could effectively mitigate emotional labor among preschool teachers. Show more

Keywords: Challenge-hindrance stress, emotional labor, professional identity, preschool teachers, mediating effect, the conservation of resource theory

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230741

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Jiang, Mao-Min | Gu, Man-Li

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary care physicians and their teams are the leading force in constructing primary medical services, undertaking the critical responsibility of residents’ essential health, and also related to realizing the national health goal. However, primary care physicians generally have a high turnover rate due to problems such as high work pressure, low salary levels, and limited career development. Therefore, exploring primary care physicians’ resignation intentions plays a vital role in promoting the construction of primary care physicians’ health service system. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the factors influencing the resignation intentions of primary care physicians, specifically examining the roles …of work-family conflict, job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion. By understanding these dynamics, the research aims to inform strategies that can enhance the stability and effectiveness of primary care services, ultimately contributing to the improvement of public health infrastructure and achieving national health goals. This investigation will utilize structural equation modeling to analyze the interrelationships among the identified variables, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for addressing the high turnover rates among primary care physicians. METHODS: This study uses the work-family conflict, job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion scales. The data comes from a cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2022. Using SPSS 27 and Mplus8.3 software to analyze 1205 primary care physicians and their team members, the selected cases all answered the relevant questions of resignation intention. The potential relationship among work-family conflict, job satisfaction, professional identity, emotional exhaustion, and family doctor resignation intention was explored by constructing structural equations. RESULTS: Work-family conflict can directly and positively affect primary care physicians’ resignation intention (β  = –0.546, p  < 0.001). The results of the mediation model found that job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion were significantly related to work-family conflict, and primary care physicians’ resignation intention has a significant mediating effect. It mainly includes six intermediary approaches: one is through the independent intermediary effect of job satisfaction; the second is through the independent intermediary effect of professional identity; the third is through the chain intermediary effect between Job satisfaction and professional identity; the fourth is through the intermediary effect of Job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion chain intermediary; fifth is through the chain intermediary of professional identity and emotional exhaustion; sixth is through the complex chain intermediary of job satisfaction, professional identity, and emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians have a high score in resignation intention, which deserves continuous attention. Relevant department can help primary care physicians balance work and family roles, provide them with appropriate resources and rewards, as well as a good working environment and career development opportunities, to improve their job satisfaction and professional identity and reduce emotional exhaustion, thereby reducing the risk of resignation intention. Show more

Keywords: Job satisfaction, professional identity, emotional exhaustion, chain intermediary, structural equation modeling, turnover rates, health policy, healthcare management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230375

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Dinelli, Emily J. | Crown, Deborah | Kudla, Angelika | Capraro, Pamela | Sheth, Manasi | Trierweiler, Robert | Munsell, Elizabeth | Heinemann, Allen W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Employment has long been an area of concern for people with disabilities. National samples in the United States are needed to understand the experiences of people with disabilities related to employment. OBJECTIVES: (1) Describe and evaluate associations between personal and health-related factors with employment after disability, and (2) describe and evaluate associations between facilitators, barriers, and work-related external factors with maintaining a longest held job after disability. METHODS: We recruited a national sample of people with physical disabilities from panels assembled by a United States market research organization; by selection, 1309 were working and 491 …were not. We evaluated the likelihood of employment and maintaining employment after disability onset using Poisson regression. Model 1 evaluated factors associated with employment; Model 2 evaluated factors associated with maintained employment. RESULTS: Model 1: Older age, decreased ability to pay bills on time, and assistive device use were associated with decreased likelihood of employment after disability onset. Non-Black minority identification, fatigue, and higher physical function were associated with increased likelihood of employment. For Model 2, the likelihood of maintaining a longest held job was associated with acquiring a disability at work, receipt of job accommodations, valuing opportunities for advancement and health benefits, having a helpful living situation, and helpful human resource attitudes. Decreased likelihood of maintaining a longest held job after disability onset was associated with job dissatisfaction and supervisors’ attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights opportunities for employers to focus efforts on job accommodations and support in the maintenance of employment after disability. Show more

Keywords: Vocational rehabilitation, job security, social inequity, disabled persons, return to work, employment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240087

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024

Authors: Eminoğlu, Didem Özkal | Kaşali, Kamber | Şeran, Buket | Burmaoğlu, Gül Eda | Aydin, Tuğba | Bircan, Hasan Basri

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dentistry is a physically and mentally demanding profession that involves long periods of muscle imbalance and asymmetrical postures when performing delicate procedures. This can lead to a high incidence of work-related diseases. However, physical activity may prevent or minimize the incidence of musculoskeletal discomfort and pain. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the association between musculoskeletal disorders and physical activity levels in dentists practicing in Turkey. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and June 2023 with dentists from Turkey actively practicing dentistry. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was …used to determine dentists’ physical activity levels, and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to assess musculoskeletal disorders. IBM SPSS 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum, percentage, and number. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, One-Sample Chi-Square tests, and an ordinal logistic regression test were used. The statistical significance level was taken as p  <  0.05. RESULTS: A total of 116 dentists (63 females 53 males) between the ages of 24 and 60 (36.37±7.32) were included in the study. Forty-eight participants had a low level of physical activity, 56 had a moderate level of physical activity (MLPA), and 12 had a high level of physical activity (HLPA). There was no significant difference between the gender (p  = 0.224) and age (p  = 0.469) of the participants and levels of physical activity. Musculoskeletal discomfort was reported by 93.1% (n  = 108) of the participants in one or more body parts (p  <  0.001) and 55.6% (n  = 60) of them were female. The number of dentists with neck (p  <  0.001) and shoulder (p  = 0.05) problems was significantly higher. There was no significant effect of gender (p  > 0.05) on musculoskeletal conditions. However, the relationship between musculoskeletal conditions and physical activity levels was inconsistent. The HLPA group reported the lowest discomfort for all body parts, except the elbows and knees (p  <  0.05). The MLPA group reported higher discomfort in the neck, shoulder, upper back, wrists/hands, lower back, and knees. The group with the lowest physical activity exhibited the highest discomfort in the elbow and ankle/feet regions. CONCLUSION: This study found that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was high among dentists, many of whom reported either low or moderate physical activity levels. The results of this study may enhance dentists’ understanding of work-related musculoskeletal diseases and promote their participation in physical activities. Show more

Keywords: Dentistry, dentists, exercise, pain, musculoskeletal diseases, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240067

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Baumgartner, Neal | Gruse, Matthew F. | Flerlage, Erin M. | Rhodes, Andrea K. | Hale, Kimberly N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Military physical fitness tests and standards often lack a scientific basis. Contrary to this traditional-historical precedent, US Air Force researchers use a “Two-Tier” health (Tier 1) and performance (Tier 2) approach to develop evidence-based criterion physical fitness tests, standards, and training. This study specifically and only addresses a physical demands analysis, the first step in a six-step process to develop Tier 2 occupationally specific, operationally relevant physical fitness tests and standards, and training guidance. OBJECTIVE: This study conducted a physical demands analysis to identify and delineate occupationally specific, operationally relevant critical physical tasks for eight physically demanding …US Air Force occupational specialties. METHODS: A comprehensive five part physical demands analysis reviewed duty tasks, conducted focus groups, assessed incumbents, observed operational tasks, and interviewed senior leaders to detail critical physical tasks. RESULTS: The physical demands analysis delineated duty tasks to critical physical tasks for Special Tactics (556 to 40), Pararescue (981 to 50), Tactical Air Control (415 to 44), Special Operations Weather (586 to 50), Explosive Ordnance Disposal (1107 to 39), Security Forces (1286 to 25), Fire and Emergency Services (802 to 39), and Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (1099 to 25). CONCLUSIONS: The study approach proved efficacious for conducting a thorough physical demands analysis to identify and delineate occupationally specific, operationally relevant critical physical tasks for eight US Air Force physically demanding occupations. Critical physical tasks provide basis for the next overall research process step, developing physical task simulations to link to predictive physical fitness tests and training guidance. Show more

Keywords: Task performance and analysis, physical fitness, occupations, military personnel, job task analysis, physical performance

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230385

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024

Authors: Gümüşsoy, Süreyya | Dönmez, Sevgül

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) affects almost one-third of adult women. This is often taken as a section of the aging process and incurable In general, women perceive UI as more of a social issue and a taboo rather than a medical problem; they are reluctant to discuss the matter or seek assistance. OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to investigate the level of social isolation and depression in female employees with UI during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS: The study was done with 533 paticipant. The study data were done using the Nottingham Health Profile Social Isolation …Scale (NHPSIS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: The total scores of the NHPSIS and BDI were found to be 18.55±3.3 (minimum = 5, maximum = 25) and 49.22±11.4 (minimum = 12, maximum = 60), respectively. In the Pearson correlation analysis, a strong, statistically significant, and positive correlation was discovered between NHPSIS and the average BDI total scores among women. CONCLUSION: The level of depression and social isolation were obtained to be high among UI women who had a mix UI, high frequencies of UI, belong to higher age groups, singles, and high body mass index. It was showed that the levels of depression and social isolation scores were showed to be high in women had UI. Show more

Keywords: Urinary incontinence, social exclusion, depression, female, coronavirus

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240028

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Needham-Beck, Sarah C. | Maroni, Tessa D. | Walker, Faye S. | Vine, Chris A.J. | Moore, Daniel | Draper, Julie | Alexander, Barry | Myers, Stephen D. | Blacker, Sam D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a requirement for British Army personnel to operate in/around water. Assessing role-related swimming/water competence will support personnel to conduct their job-roles safely and effectively. OBJECTIVE: To undertake a Job-Task Analysis (JTA) of British Army personnel when working in/around water and use this information to develop a Swimming Representative Military Task (RMT) to assess swimming/water competence. METHODS: Workshops, surveys, and observations were used to conduct a JTA, which identified and described job-tasks conducted by British Army personnel in/around water. Ergonomic analysis of these job-tasks identified seven water-based physical actions, which were considered fundamental for …all personnel to be competent in performing. These seven actions guided design of a Swimming RMT, which was subsequently conducted twice by 103 serving personnel (89 men, 11 women) and once by 65 recruits (49 men, 16 women). RESULTS: The RMT comprised of entering the water in combat fatigues and webbing, removing webbing, swimming 50 m, and staying afloat for up to 10 minutes. During RMT trials, in trial 1, 85% of serving personnel and 74% of recruits successfully completed the RMT, which increased to 93% in serving personnel for trial 2. Across trials 1 and 2, all three timed RMT elements showed moderate-high correlational reliability (ICC range: 0.462–0.791). On average, serving personnel were quicker to complete the 50 m swim phase compared to recruits (91±24 s vs. 100±26 s; U  = 2575.0, rb  = –0.192, p  = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The JTA-informed Swimming RMT provides an assessment of the minimum role-related swimming/water competence standard for British Army personnel. Show more

Keywords: Swimming, task performance and analysis, human factors, work performance, physical performance, military personnel

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230256

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Castro, Leticia S.R. | Nogueira, Débora S.S. | Fu, Carolina | Casarotto, Raquel A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive care physiotherapists are exposed to situations that may cause physical and mental overload, which can lead to the onset of work-related musculoskeletal complaints. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze these complaints and to identify activities causing greater overload, factors associated with complaints, and management and prevention strategies. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 125 physiotherapists in the Intensive Care units (ICU) of a tertiary hospital. The questionnaire used was formulated from questionnaires validated in the literature such as Nordic Questionnaire and Bork Questionnaire. Chi-square test was performed to compare the groups with and …without complaints. Logistic regression was used to assess the association effects of the variables on the presence of complaints. RESULTS: Of those interviewed, 76% had a work-related complaint in the last year, with the “lower back” being the most affected region. Eighty percent had complaints for more than one site. “Transfer” was considered the activity causing the greatest overload. Female sex (p  = 0.023), lack of physical activity (p  = 0.028), inadequate ventilation (p  = 0.001) and inadequate furniture (p  = 0.006) showed a statistically significant association effect with the presence of complaints. Inadequate ventilation (p  = 0.003) and female sex (p  = 0.004) influenced the number of affected areas. Physical activity was considered the main strategy for prevention. CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal complaints accounted for a high percentage of the analyzed sample, mainly in the lower back. The extent of complaints suggests that strategies should be developed and changes in work dynamics should be carried out. Show more

Keywords: Cumulative traumatic disorders, repetitive stress injury, intensive care units, occupational health, physical therapists, risk factors

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230422

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Lee Chin, Tay | Lee Chee, Tay

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Corporate environmental citizenship receives little scholarly attention and the definitions remain unclear due to past studies defining corporate environmental citizenship in different perspectives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to clarify the conceptualization of corporate environmental citizenship. It also proposes a plausible and useful definition for corporate environmental citizenship. METHODS: Previous environmental related studies are selected based on their relevance to the definitions. The selected studies then are examined to propose the new definition of corporate environmental citizenship. The online databases being utilized are ScienceDirect, Emerald, Taylor and Francis and Ebscohost. RESULTS: …The new definition of corporate environmental citizenship is proposed: managerial recognition on the importance of environmental issues and integrating the environmental concerns into the organizational process. CONCLUSIONS: This study hopes to provoke more discussions about the definitions of corporate environmental citizenship as corporate environmental citizenship’s definition has attracted very little attention so far. This paper provides useful understanding for managers regarding the roles of corporate environmental citizenship. This is important as they strive to excel in the business performance in the highly competitive market. This in turn facilitates them to focus their business strategies. Show more

Keywords: Corporate environmental citizenship, goal, means, citizenship, concept formation, attention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240004

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Jamous, Matthieu | Biéchy, Jean-Philippe | Fautrelle, Lilian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To carry out their victim rescue and fire-fighting missions, firefighters perform high levels of physical exertion and among them strenuous muscular activity. A specific mental preparation protocol that could induce better strength performance throughout their 24-hour schedule is a major issue for firefighters. OBJECTIVE: This case report aims to examine whether a 6-minute Intervention combining mental imagery practices and breathing exercises, specifically designed to be used while travelling between the fire station and the mission site, would be able to promote maximum strength performance. METHODS: A series of three Single Case Experimental Designs (SCED) was …conducted in single blind design to investigate the effects of repeated challenge-withdrawals between the Intervention and the Baseline on the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength of the hand-grip. RESULTS: Data analyses revealed that 62.5% to 100% of the hand-grip strength values during the Intervention periods were greater than or equal to the maximum data point recorded in the Baseline periods. The effect sizes of these highlighted increases of the hand-grip strength performance revealed by the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) were 75% i.e., moderately effective on average. CONCLUSIONS: Such a “psyching-up” practice before an upcoming muscular activity can promote muscular strength in firefighters. These results have led French firefighter departments to integrate the teaching of these practices into the initial instruction of firefighters, and remains to be confirmed by a randomised control trial. Show more

Keywords: Firefighter, mental imagery, breathing exercises, hand grip force, SCED, N-of-1 trial, mental preparation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230153

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Keskin, Gülseren | Gümüşsoy, Süreyya | Taşdemir Yiğitoğlu, Gülay

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic have serious traumatic effects on people, who may experience sleep problems, anxiety, and fear in the face of such a stressor. OBJECTIVE: This study is conducted to examine the relationship between sleep quality and fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and personality traits in working women. METHOD: This research was a descriptive study between June to August 2021. The study was conducted with 425 participants. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, COVID-19 Fear Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, and the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Short Form were applied to the participants. T-test, ANOVA, and …Pearson correlation analysis, were used. RESULTS: In the study, it was found that the total average score of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was 18.83±5.5, while the score of sleep quality was 5.40±3.3 and the anxiety score was 14.01±12.4. On the other hand, the score of Extraversion was determined as 3.73±1.7, Neuroticism was 3.79±1.8, and Psychoticism was 1.97±1 in the study. Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between sleep quality and fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and neuroticism in working women (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbance; daytime dysfunction, use of sleep medication, sleep duration, sleep latency with anxiety; sleep latency, sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, sleep duration were found to be linked to neuroticism, and use of sleep medication and sleep duration were found to be linked to psychoticism. It was concluded that there was a relationship between sleep quality and fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and personality traits in working women. Show more

Keywords: Distress, fear, pandemic, personality, sleep, gender

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230724

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Mahdavi, Neda | Dianat, Iman

Article Type: Article Commentary

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the negative effects of occupational fatigue on health, absenteeism, and economic cost it is essential to control and manage its risk factors effectively. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to draw researchers’ attention to the research requirements concerning occupational fatigue. METHODS: The study briefly explores the consequences of occupational fatigue and discusses tools for its assessment. It then addresses the challenge of integrating risk factors and identifying efficient interventions. Lastly, it emphasizes the importance of addressing occupational fatigue related to new technologies. RESULTS: Wearable sensors, biomarkers in biological samples, and image processing are …valuable tools for accurately assessing occupational fatigue. Artificial intelligence (AI) models can integrate multiple risk factors; while economic evaluations can help assess the effectiveness of control measures. Employers and researchers should be prepared to manage and monitor occupational fatigue resulting from interactions with new technologies. CONCLUSIONS: This commentary highlights the research gap in the field of occupational fatigue to better manage this phenomenon in today’s evolving world. Show more

Keywords: Fatigue, work, ergonomics, risk factors, artificial intelligence, cost-benefit analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240130

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-3, 2024

Authors: Biglarkhani, Amin | Mortezapour, Alireza

Article Type: Letter

Keywords: Work from home, trend analysis, ergonomic design, ergonomic mouse, human-computer interaction, ergonomic keyboard, remote work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240247

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-3, 2024

Authors: Türkmen, Ceyhun | Kayabınar, Erdi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hands execute intricate tasks vital for everyday life and professions such as cooking, tailoring, and craftsmanship. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish reference data for hand grip and palmar pinch force sense in young adults, accounting for gender differences, and to determine the correlation between these data and school-entry ages. METHODS: The cross-sectional observational study comprised 284 participants (156 females and 128 males). Demographic details, including age, gender, weight, and height, were recorded. Participant ages ranged from 18 to 29, representing the youth workforce population as defined by the International Labour Organization. Factors like hand …dominance and school-entry age were ascertained based on participants’ self-reports. Hand grip and palmar pinch force senses were separately assessed in the dominant and non-dominant hands of 130 randomly chosen participants to evaluate test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Hand grip (dominant: p  < 0.001, non-dominant: p  = 0.002) and palmar pinch force sense errors were significantly lower in male participants compared to females. Palmar pinch force sense error for the dominant hand was reduced in males (p  = 0.002), but no significant disparity existed between genders for the non-dominant hand (p  = 0.222). Healthy adults who began school at age five or earlier exhibited a decreased force sense error rate (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Force sense error reference values vary based on gender and school-entry age. This reference data will aid rehabilitation specialists working with young adults in physiotherapy and occupational therapy fields in identifying potential impairments. Show more

Keywords: Functional performance, healthy volunteers, motor skills, muscle strength dynamometer, proprioception, reference values.

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230046

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Liu, Bin | Zhang, Lingyu | Cai, Yashi | Zhang, Min | Huang, Weixu | Yan, Xuehua | Chen, Huifeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Being in a state of high occupational stress may disrupt the metabolic balance of the body, thus increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. However, the evidence about the relationship between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome was limited. OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in employees of a power grid enterprise. METHODS: A total of 1091 employees were recruited from a power grid enterprise in China. Excluding those who failed to complete the questionnaire and those who had incomplete health check-ups, 945 subjects were included in the study. Assessment of …occupational stress was used by job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaires, respectively. The information on body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the fasting venous blood samples were measured. Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze the correlation between JDC and ERI models of occupational stress, metabolic syndrome, and its components, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was 8.4% and 9.9% in JDC and ERI model high occupational stress employees, respectively. ERI model occupational stress and smoking are significantly associated with the risk of MetS. ERI ratio was significantly associated with lower HDL-C levels. Gender, age, marital status, smoking, high-temperature and high-altitude work were significantly associated with metabolic component levels. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a high detection rate of occupational stress in both JDC and ERI models among employees of a power grid enterprise. ERI model occupational stress, demanding more attention, was associated with the risk of MetS as well as its components such as HDL-C. Show more

Keywords: Power grid enterprise, occupational health, occupational stress, job demand-control, effort-reward imbalance, metabolic syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240234

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Song, Yu (Wolf) | Reichherzer, Anna S. | Yao, Xinhe | Vledder, Gerbera | Herbig, Britta | Bellmann, Michael | Norrefeldt, Victor | Vink, Peter | Mansfield, Neil

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A quantitative comfort model will aid in evaluating comfort levels of various target groups before the actual flight of an airplane. However, constructing the model is always a challenge due to the complexity of the phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we present quantitative comfort models to predict the (dis)comfort of passengers flying with turboprops based on objective measures. METHODS: Ninety-seven participants took part in two experiments conducted during real flights, during which forty of them had environmental and personal factors recorded using (self-developed) measurement tools. The collected data were analyzed to model the relations between …objective measures and subjective feelings. RESULTS: Two preliminary models based on gradient boosting regression were developed. The models were able to predict the changes in comfort and discomfort of individual passengers with an accuracy of 0.12±0.01 and 0.21±0.01 regarding normalized comfort and discomfort scores, respectively. Additionally, contributions of different factors were highlighted. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of the models show that we took a step forward in modeling the human comfort experience using objective measurements. Anthropometry (including age), seat positions, time duration, and row (noise) emerged as leading factors influencing the feeling of (dis)comfort in turboprop planes. Show more

Keywords: Comfort, discomfort, model, turboprop

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230700

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Jiang, Yao | Yang, Fan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: China was once called the world’s factory. Chinese workers had long weekly working hours. However, the empirical results of the relationship between overtime work and workers’ health are mixed and remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how overtime work influenced workers’ physical and mental health and the role of lifestyles, social support, and work value awareness. METHODS: Data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016 (N  = 14,205) was used. The instrumental variable approach was employed to overcome the endogeneity problem between overtime work and workers’ health. The bootstrapping method was conducted to elicit …the role of lifestyles, social support, and work value awareness. RESULTS: The results indicated that overtime work significantly and negatively influenced Chinese workers’ physical and mental health. The results of the bootstrapping suggested that workers’ social support and work value awareness partially mediated the relationship between overtime work and their physical and mental health. However, the mediating role of lifestyles was insignificant. CONCLUSION: Through using big data with national representativeness, this study suggests that overtime work negatively influences Chinese workers’ physical and mental health. Our findings provide policy implications for improving workers’ health rights and well-being in emerging economies. Show more

Keywords: Labor rights, labor welfare, life well-being, health care, health rights, work performance

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240041

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Gustavson, Allison M. | Rauzi, Michelle R. | Rasmussen, Alana | Raja, Bhavana | Kim, June | Davenport, Todd E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telerehabilitation, or the delivery of rehabilitation services through telehealth platforms, has existed since the late 1990 s. Telerehabilitation was characterized by unprecedented, exponential growth at the beginning of the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical systems sought to reduce the likelihood of disease transmission by using telerehabilitation to limit physical proximity during routine care. This dramatic change in how medical care was delivered forced many professions to adapt processes and practices. Following the change, debates sparked regarding the best path to move forward for the betterment of patients, clinicians, systems, and society. Long COVID has emerged as a complex chronic health …condition arising from COVID-19. The unique needs and dynamic disease process of Long COVID has incentivized medical systems to create equitable ways for patients to safely access interdisciplinary care. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this commentary is to describe what medical systems must consider when deploying high-quality telerehabilitation to deliver rehabilitation through asynchronous (e.g., text, portal) and synchronous modalities (e.g., phone or video). We highlight lessons learned to help guide decision-makers on key actions to support their patients and clinicians. METHODS: Not applicable. RESULTS: Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS: Key action steps from our lessons learned may be used to address complex chronic health conditions such as Long COVID and prepare for future challenges that may disrupt medical systems. Show more

Keywords: Telehealth, virtual care, rehabilitation, post-COVID conditions, care delivery, chronic disease

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230731

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-5, 2024

Authors: Kim, Jun-Hee | Weon, Young-Soo | Kwon, Oh-Yun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lateral epicondylitis (LE), also called tennis elbow, is a common musculoskeletal disorder that causes pain in the elbow area and is highly prevalent in assembly workers who repeatedly move their wrists. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the wrist ROM and muscle strength of assembly workers with and without LE. METHODS: Forty-five male assembly line workers (23 with LE) participated in the study. Participants had their wrist range of motion (flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation) and strength (wrist flexors, extensors, and hand grip) measured using Smart KEMA sensors. …RESULTS: Workers with LE showed significantly reduced wrist extension and radial deviation ROM compared to workers without LE, with no significant differences in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation ROM between groups. Workers with LE had significantly lower wrist extensor strength compared to workers without LE, and there was no significant difference in wrist flexor and grip strength between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: For workers with LE, the difference in wrist ROM and muscle strength will be useful for planning intervention and evaluating treatment outcomes for assembly workers with LE. Show more

Keywords: Lateral epicondylitis, musculoskeletal disease, range of motion, muscle strength, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230725

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Kaur, Manjeet | Virk, Sukhmani

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has adversely affected the different aspects of work and society. Due to the decline in economic activity globally, employees were exposed to conditions in which they were forced to work for reduced working hours leading to an increase in time-related underemployment. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to determine the extent of time-related underemployment and the rate of unutilized labor resource in the Agro-based Industry. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted with 500 middle-level and lower-level executives working in the Textile Industry and Food and Beverage Industry. Time-related underemployment is defined as a …situation in which employees worked for less than 48 hours per week and were available and willing to work for additional hours. It was measured with both objective and subjective measures. Data was analyzed through percentages, mean, t-test, independent t -test, and chi-square. RESULTS: Results showed that Time-related underemployment in the Food and Beverage Industry was 5.00% as compared to the Textile Industry with 3.08%. The majority of employees were moderately underemployed both in the Textile Industry and Food and Beverage Industry. The rate of unutilized labor resource was more in Textile Industry (9.9%) as compared to Food and Beverage Industry (9.2%). However, the difference in both the industries was found to be insignificant (p  > 0.05). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has exposed many workers to the disadvantageous position of working fewer hours than the pre-determined threshold hours for full-time work. Therefore, proper strategies need to be adopted to properly use the labor resource of the economy. Show more

Keywords: Hours, underutilization, labor force, employment status, COVID-19, policy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230169

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Alves, Nayara Silva | Abreu, Mery Natali Silva | Assunção, Ada Ávila

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-perception of oral health is a recognized indicator, based on a single question. Association among oral health and socioeconomic status has been well established, however in Brazil, no results were found on the relation with type of insertion in labor market. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of negative self-perception of oral health and associated factors, according to gender among Brazilian workers population, in 2019. METHODS: The National Health Survey, nationwide household-based survey, carried out in 2019, was used as source of data. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated to …understand the distribution of variables of interest and characterize the sample (n  = 54,343). Binary logistic regression was used in the analyses. Odds ratio (OR) was estimated using a 95% confidence interval in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of negative self-perception of oral health was 29.3%; in that, 31.0% among men and 27.2% among women. Compared to formal employees, the chance of negative self-perception of oral health among the informal workers was almost 20% higher among men and 13% among women after adjusting for all confounding factors. Unemployed women were 33% more likely to have negative self-perception of oral health. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported unemployment increased the chance of a negative self-perception of oral health among women; however, the same effect was not observed among men. Why is there a difference? The association between informal work and negative SEOH is relevant in the Brazilian context of work deregulation and growth in the number of people without access to formal employment. The results suggested addressing employment conditions in adult oral health promotion actions, with emphasis on gender differences. Show more

Keywords: Oral health, gender, employment, public health dentistry, dental health surveys, health inequities

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230143

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Kuligowski, Tomasz | Kowalewska, Karolina | Skrzek, Anna | Kiper, Pawel | Cieślik, Błażej

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiotherapists and nurses play crucial roles in healthcare, often requiring them to adopt physically demanding positions. However, these positions can lead to joint stress and an increased risk of injury, as well as work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). These disorders can significantly impact the performance of their duties, which can negatively affect patient recovery. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed and compared health behaviour and work-related musculoskeletal pain among Polish physiotherapists and nurses. METHODS: The study encompassed a group of 304 participants. The methodology consisted of a survey addressing pain-related questions and the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI). The …HBI evaluates health behaviour in four categories. RESULTS: The average HBI score was 5.05 (±1.96) points for physiotherapists and 4.50 (±1.86) points for nurses (P  = .01). When analysing the HBI components, a statistically significant difference was observed in positive mental attitude and health practices (P  <  .05). Regarding work-related musculoskeletal pain, 92% of nurses and 79% of physiotherapists reported experiencing pain while working (P  <  .01). Pain intensity, measured with the VAS, was 3.77 (±2.37) for physiotherapists and 4.73 (SD 2.04) for nurses (P  <  .01). Physiotherapists more often suffered from upper limb pain (57% vs 49%), while nurses experienced middle/lower back pain (82% vs 63%) and lower extremity pain (38% vs 23%) more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: Both professional groups experience WRMSDs, with nurses suffering more regularly and severely. In contrast, physiotherapists exhibit superior health behaviour practices, potentially mitigating musculoskeletal pain. Nonetheless, the prevalence of pain related to WRMSDs remains alarmingly high in both professions. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, low back pain, habits, ergonomics, physical therapists, nurses

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240126

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024

Authors: Özsoy, Tuğba | Balaban, Özlem

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which has come to the fore, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic is arguably neglected within the scope of working life. For this reason, there is a need for research in organizational psychology to examine OCB in working life. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of OCD tendencies of employees with work addiction and job stress. METHODS: Quantitative research was designed to achieve the research purpose. A total of 771 white-collar employees completed a survey that included psychometric assessment tools for the three aforementioned variables. …RESULTS: Correlation analysis indicated that OCD was positively associated with both work addiction (p  < 0.001) and job stress (p  < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the rumination (a subscale on the OCD scale) was significantly associated with work addiction (β= 0.39 p  < 0.001) and job stress (β= 0.40 p  < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The obtained findings are interpreted theoretically, empirically, and practically, and possible research suggestions regarding the examination of OCD in working life are discussed. Show more

Keywords: Obsessive compulsive disorder, work addiction, work stress, mental health, addiction, rumination

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230639

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Keaney, Lauren | Kilding, Andrew | Fordy, Graham | Kilding, Helen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical fitness is a key tenet of military organisations worldwide. Specifically, many consider aerobic fitness (AF) an essential physical attribute for ensuring optimal military performance and readiness. However, the intricate relationship between AF and various facets of military job performance necessitates comprehensive review to ascertain the appropriateness and effectiveness of its assessment. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aims to describe the relationship between AF and factors influencing individual military performance and readiness, and explores the implications of the enforcement of in-service, generic AF test standards in military populations. METHODS: Databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) were searched …for all relevant published peer-reviewed literature as at August 2023. RESULTS: Inconsistent associations were found between AF and outcomes influencing individual military performance (physical capabilities, cognitive capabilities, presenteeism and productivity, resilience, and technical/tactical capabilities) and readiness (mental health and wellbeing and physical health). Consequently, the level of AF needed for acceptable or optimal military performance remains uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: AF is a cornerstone of health and performance, yet linking generic AF test standards to job performance is complex, with multiple factors interacting to influence outcomes. From existing literatures, there does not appear to be a specific level of AF at, and/or above, which acceptable military performance is achieved. As such, the enforcement of and emphasis on in-service, pass/fail, generic AF test standards in military populations is questionable and requires thoughtful re-evaluation. Role/task-specific AF should be assessed through evidence-based PES and the use of generic AF tests limited to the monitoring and benchmarking of health-related fitness. Show more

Keywords: Military personnel, law enforcement, cardiorespiratory fitness, fitness testing, work performance, military health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240137

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Tariq, Tayyaba | Kashif, Muhammad | Ayaz, Jahanara | Ijaz, Muhammad Muneeb | Javed, Ayesha | Adeel Arshad, Muhammad | Ghaffar, Tamjeed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional drivers are most likely to experience work-related neck pain due to awkward sitting positions for extended periods of time. Globally, millions of people depend on drivers who dedicate their lives to the craft. However, there is a paucity of data available on professional drivers suffering from neck pain or other musculoskeletal pain in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of neck pain and its association with postural and ergonomic factors among Pakistani professional drivers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2022 among 369 professional drivers located in Faisalabad, Pakistan. …The data were collected by using a questionnaire comprising different sections, including personal, postural and ergonomic factors among drivers. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 40.83±9.27 years. Among the 369 participants, 129 reported neck pain. The period and point prevalence of neck pain were 35% (n  = 129) and 31% (n  = 115), respectively. Professional drivers reported a significant association between habitual forward posture and head–neck posture (p  = 0.000) and between habitual forward posture and trunk posture (p  = 0.000) with neck pain. In addition, ergonomics training (p  = 0.002), ergonomics awareness (p  = 0.002), and mobile use while driving (p  = 0.000) were significantly associated with neck pain. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that drivers have greater period prevalence of neck pain than point prevalence. Moreover, this study revealed that age, BMI, lifestyle, health status, medication use, and smoking habits were associated with neck pain in drivers. Drivers who had ergonomic training and awareness were significantly less likely to suffer from lower neck pain. Drivers with a habitual forward posture are more likely to suffer from neck pain than are drivers with a prone posture. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, musculoskeletal neck pain, professional drivers, posture

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230344

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Asadi, Nasrin | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive and environmental parameters are among the most important influencing factors in the prevalence of WRMSDs, which have been studied less compared to physical ergonomic in automobile industry. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between environmental and cognitive ergonomics with the prevalence of WRMSDs in an automotive industry. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2023 in an automobile company. The sample size was 740 workers. The prevalence of WRMSDs was assessed using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Occupational stress, mental workload, sleep quality, and cognitive failure were assessed by …Job Content Questionnaire, NASA-TLX Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, respectively. Noise were measured by KIMO-DB300 sound analyzer. The intensity of lighting was measured using a Hanger Screen Master illuminance meter. Heat stress was measured by Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). RESULTS: 72.58% reported the musculoskeletal disorders in at least one of their body parts during the past 12 months. The average values of occupational stress, mental workload, sleep quality, and cognitive failure among workers with WRMSDs were higher than the participants without WRMSDs (p -value < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the values of all studied physical harmful factors between the two investigated groups, except thermal stress (p -value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings from this study highlight the critical need for a holistic approach that considers both the external work environment and internal cognitive processes to effectively prevent and manage WRMSDs among automobile industry workers. Show more

Keywords: WRMSDs, mental workload, cognitive failure, noise and vibration, automobile industry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240275

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: Sun, Xiaomeng | Alam, Beenish Fatima | Ghafoor Chaudhary, Muhammad Aamir | Khan, Summara | Khan, Amna | Jan, Hassan | Hussain, Talib | Khan, Shahid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Various tools had been used to measure the level of burnout, anxiety, and depression. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory assesses personal, work or job, and patient related burnout. While DASS21 assesses stress, anxiety, and depression. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability of Copenhagen burnout tool and DASS-21 amongst the faculty members employed in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional research incorporated 384 medical, dental, and nursing faculty working full time at university. Data for research was collected from January to May 2023. Copenhagen and DASS21 survey were the survey tools used to identify the level …of burnout and stress. Reliability of both tools was assessed using Cronbach alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to detect factorial structure of both tools. Pearson correlation was conducted to detect association between various domains. Multiple logistic regression was computed to detect relationship between the domains. RESULTS: From a total of 384 participants, there were 118 (30.7%) males, 266 (69.3%) females. There were 169 (44%) medical, 140 (36.5%) dental, and 75 (19.5%) nursing faculty. Reliability analysis revealed satisfactory results for both tools. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a four-model fit for the CBI, whilst a three-factor model was observed for DASS21. Personal burnout demonstrated positive and significant correlation with work related burnout, and stress, while it showed significant but negative correlation with depression. CONCLUSION: Female faculty displaced higher academic burnout as compared to men. A statistically significant correlation between burnout, anxiety, and depression. Both tools displayed high reliability and validity for the current sample. Show more

Keywords: Anxiety, burnout, depression, stress, Pakistan

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240075

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Wise, Jenni M. | Konkle-Parker, Deborah | Raper, James L. | Heaton, Karen | Vance, David E. | Azuero, Andres | Wingood, Gina | Adimora, Adaora A. | Topper, Elizabeth F. | Kempf, Mirjam-Colette

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are particularly vulnerable to poor employment outcomes, impacting their socioeconomic independence and personal sense of empowerment. OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of a mixed methods study, which examined the personal, clinical, and socioeconomic contexts associated with employment and occupational productivity among employed WLHIV (n  = 164) in the Southern United States. METHODS: The Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 was used to assess the perceived impact of HIV disease on the ability to maintain focus and complete tasks at work. Correlational and hierarchical regression techniques were applied to examine the relationships between personal, …clinical, and socioeconomic contexts and occupational productivity. RESULTS: In this sample, 62% of women perceived no impact on their ability to work or capacity to complete work related to living with HIV. In multivariable modeling, empowerment, neurocognition, socioeconomic status, and psychological health were associated with occupational productivity. In-depth interviews (n  = 29) provided rich contexts and meaning surrounding employment among WLHIV, and indicated that quality of life, work-life balance, empowerment, social support, and psychological health influenced the experience of work. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial and structural interventions are needed to improve occupational outcomes in this vulnerable population. Show more

Keywords: Employment, women living with HIV, occupational productivity, mixed-methods study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230363

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Faraco, Raquel Malheiros | Broberg, Ole | Duarte, Francisco José De Castro Moura

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper investigates the pandemic remote work impacts and learning on onshore teams that support offshore activities. Wells construction and maintenance involve unpredictabilities, requiring support teams to help the crew onboard the rig to adapt the operations to the reality of the well. Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) literature presented the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic remote work on knowledge workers’ health and well-being. Still, it lacked studies on the impacts on work activities of the industrial sector. OBJECTIVE: Since safety knowledge is continuously and collectively developed in the experts’ day-to-day work activities, the research objective is …to identify the impacts and learnings of remote work on the support teams’ safety knowledge management. METHODS: The Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) guided the problem understanding, activities observations, and data analysis. The Work System Model (WSM) was the framework for systematizing data from 117 interviews. RESULTS: The results indicate a significant reduction in interactions during the pandemic, making information and safety knowledge sharing more challenging and weakening team members’ cooperation. However, no impact on performance was reported. Working from home reduced interruptions and increased focus, facilitating individual tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The research identifies collective and individual strategies developed by the team to cope with remote work. The findings confirm Management Literature findings on reducing interaction, hampering nonverbal communication, and increasing the amount of data. However, communication applications used during the pandemic have expanded rapidly, allowing faster access to team members, improving connectivity onshore/offshore, and making it a valuable legacy of the COVID-19 lockdown. Show more

Keywords: Remote work, teleworking, collocated work, knowledge management, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230565

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024

Authors: Yurt, Esra | Gümüşsoy, Süreyya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKROUND: Motorcycle ambulances are particularly useful in navigating narrow and congested areas during premium hours due to their ability to provide rapid access to patients in pre-hospital emergency healthcare services (PHEHS), possessing suitable and necessary advanced life support accessories, and their speed, flexibility, and ease of maneuverability. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the experiences and challenges encountered by motorcycle ambulance workers in PHEHS. METHODS: This study adopts a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing a phenomenological approach within the framework of a case study. The research sample consists of 19 paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) …working on motorcycle ambulances. Purposeful sampling method, specifically the snowball sampling technique, was employed in selecting the sample. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted using a semi-structured interview form, from August 2022 to February 2023. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using the MAXQDA program. RESULTS: Participants shared their experiences and the problems they encountered while performing their duties across four themes: purpose of motorcycle ambulances, most frequently assigned cases, challenges encountered, and the importance of teamwork. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to ensure personnel safety by forming the motorcycle ambulance team from selected individuals, subjecting the selected personnel to the same standard and comprehensive advanced driving and technical training, regulating working hours, increasing the number of personnel, and fostering teamwork. Further efforts are needed to improve the working conditions of motorcycle ambulance services. Show more

Keywords: Pre-hospital emergency care, motorcycle ambulance, paramedic, emergency medical technician, working conditions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240113

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Entezarizarch, Elham | Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl | Madreseh, Elham | Abbasinia, Marzieh | Abdi, Hanieh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Driving represents a multifaceted cognitive endeavor, demanding heightened vigilance and swift responses. Considering the high statistics of driving accidents and heavy loads, as well as the effect of the driver’s age on the occurrence of accidents, it is important to investigate these factors to reduce accidents. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of mental workload on the performance of young and older drivers in a dynamic driving scenario to compare cognitive performance, workload perception, and driving outcomes between the two age groups. METHODS: Cognitive tests including the Stroop test, Continuous Performance test, and Focused Attention …test were conducted, alongside the use of the DALI questionnaire to measure workload levels. Participants encompassed twenty male drivers, divided into two age groups: 20 to 35 years and 55 to 70 years, with varying years of driving experience. The study entailed a dynamic driving scenario involving a designated route in Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Results exhibited differences in workload scores between the age groups, particularly in dimensions such as visual demand, auditory demand, attention, and interference. Older drivers demonstrated heightened cognitive and physical demands during driving, implying a greater need for attention and cognitive effort. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that navigating through congested roads and dense urban traffic significantly elevates the mental workload for drivers, consequently impacting their cognitive functioning. Given the critical need for attention in driving, this heightened workload can manifest as increased fatigue, increasing stress levels, and diminished concentration, all of which substantially raise the risk of vehicular accidents. Furthermore, the study highlighted a particular concern for older drivers, whose diminished cognitive capacities further raise their vulnerability to accidents under such demanding driving conditions. Show more

Keywords: Workload, performance, stroop test, drivers, cognitive, safety, driving

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230473

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Chin, Tay Lee | Chee, Tay Lee

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many organizations around the world have prudently adopted corporate environmental citizenship. However, the corporate environmental citizenship implementation may vary from reality. Thus, this study examines corporate environmental citizenship to identify ultimate practices to create a strong premise of CEC. OBJECTIVE: The study examines the influence of organizational learning capability, organization age on corporate environmental citizenship. METHODS: The data were collected from 50 Malaysian construction firms using the survey questionnaire and analyzed by using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). RESULTS: The finding revealed that organizational learning capability positively related to corporate environmental …citizenship. Organization age was not found to moderate such relationships. CONCLUSION: This study establishes that organizational learning capability encourages construction firms to take risks and explore new opportunities are essential for corporate environmental citizenship implementation. This study highlights the role of organizational learning capability to achieve corporate environmental citizenship irrespective of their organization age for construction firms. This study confirms the logic of Natural Resource Based View (NRBV) theory for predicting organizational learning capability as a critical foundation to build corporate environmental citizenship. Show more

Keywords: Organizational learning capability, corporate environmental citizenship, organization age, socioemotional selectivity theory, natural resource-based view theory, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230751

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Bianchi, Renzo | Swingler, Gail | Schonfeld, Irvin Sam

Article Type: Article Commentary

Abstract: For decades, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been regarded as the “gold standard” for the assessment of burnout. The present paper demonstrates that the MBI fails to measure the construct it is purported to measure. On a deeper level, the problems affecting the MBI question the very idea of burnout. These problems may be unsurprising in light of the genesis of the burnout construct. Burnout emerged in the mid-1970s as a largely predefined entity. Burnout’s definition was not predicated on robust empirical investigations or sound theorizing, nor was it anchored in a systematic review of the literature on stress …and health. Interestingly, other measures deemed to assess burnout, such as the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, similarly fail to measure what they are claimed to measure. Despite far-reaching implications for our ability to study and promote occupational health, the flaws that undermine the conceptualization and measurement of burnout remain widely underappreciated. We hope this paper will help raise awareness of these flaws and correct current practices in research on job-related distress. Alternatives to burnout do exist and may enable us to support our workforce more effectively. Show more

Keywords: Burnout, construct validity, diagnosis, job stress, measurement, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240095

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-3, 2024

Authors: Qi, Linyan | Fu, Qibo | Li, Wenchang | Wu, Jiheng | Li, Ji | Ni, Shaoqing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: While CRCs play a crucial role in clinical trials, their job satisfaction has not received enough attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the job satisfaction of CRCs and to explore the relevant factors. METHODS: The survey was programmed into an online questionnaire platform and distributed to CRCs in China for self-evaluation. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to assess job satisfaction, and data on demographic characteristics, working situations, burnout and social support also were collected to identify factors associated with job satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using the R software program. Factors associated with job satisfaction …were explored using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS: 2,840 participants were included in this survey, and the mean value of overall job satisfaction was characterized as “moderate to not fully satisfied”. Additionally, both burnout and overall social support were reported at moderate levels. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age, monthly income, sleep duration per day, weekly working time, a fixed workplace, subjective support, utilization of support, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were significantly associated with all types of job satisfaction (p  <  0.05). Among all the factors, a fixed workplace was more strongly associated with job satisfaction than the other factors (OR = 0.596, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the fixed-point CRC mode to promote the provision of a fixed workplace, improving the CRC career development path, increasing income, subjective support and utilization of support, reducing weekly working time, job burnout will help to predict job satisfaction in CRCs. Show more

Keywords: Clinical trial, social support, burnout, research, working conditions, workplace.

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230732

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Salameh, Muna A. | Boyajian, Silvia D. | Amaireh, Enas A. | Jamal, Baraah | Alrfooh, Hala | AbuKhalaf, Khalid | Alzu’bi, Omar M. | Al-Tanbouz, Hadeel D. | Alzyoud, Koloud

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Students increasingly rely on digital devices, leading to text neck syndrome, a common overuse syndrome caused by repetitive forward neck flexion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of text neck syndrome among medical students and the resulting neck dysfunction and to investigate the possible associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used an online self-developed questionnaire among medical students. Students’ characteristics and data about smartphone usage were evaluated for diagnosis. Individuals with at least 3 of the 6 text neck syndrome symptoms and a history of more than four hours a day spent on …a smartphone were diagnosed with text neck syndrome. Neck dysfunction was measured using the neck disability index. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study found that 31.7% of students with text neck syndrome have mild neck disabilities, with a higher proportion of females (40%). The characteristics that have a significant relation to text neck syndrome include being female (p  < 0.0001), overweight (p  = 0.025), being right-handed (p  = 0.001), using four digital devices or more (p  = 0.002), having low levels of physical activity (P  = 0.018), and spending more than three hours a day sitting down (P  = 0.027). CONCLUSION: More than a quarter of medical students had text neck syndrome, and most of them had a mild neck disability. Text Neck Syndrome was linked to an increased number of gadgets used, low exercise, and more time spent in a sitting position. Show more

Keywords: Exercise, medical students, neck, overuse syndrome, sitting position, smartphone

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230678

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Yaqian, Zhang | Chonggao, Wang | Fan, Zhang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 poses great challenges for preschool teachers in China, which will increase the level of job stress and job burnout, and have an impact on the relationship between job stress, job burnout, and perceived organizational support (POS). However, few studies have examined trilateral relationships, especially the role of POS concerning job stress and job burnout of preschool teachers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the three variables of job burnout, job stress, and POS, as well as explore the moderating effects of POS between job stress and job burnout. METHODS: …A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool teachers in six provinces of China. A total of 408 preschool teachers completed a self-report questionnaire, including three scales that measured job burnout, job stress, and POS respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship among variables. RESULTS: The results showed that job burnout among Chinese preschool teachers was at a medium level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job stress was positively related to job burnout, and the POS was negatively related to job burnout. Additionally, POS moderated the relationship between job stress and job burnout and alleviated the adverse effects of job stress on the job burnout of preschool teachers. CONCLUSION: POS can play a moderating role between job stress and job burnout of Chinese preschool teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more

Keywords: Job burnout, perceived organizational support (POS), job stress, moderating effect, preschool teachers, the COVID-19 pandemic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230151

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Kusumoto, Yasuaki | Takahashi, Eri | Endo, Yasuhiro | Asao, Akihiko | Tanaka, Yoshinobu | Okazaki, Kanako | Yokozuka, Mieko | Omata, Junichi | Yabuki, Shoji | Kanzaki, Hideto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Backpack syndrome (BS) is a term used to describe symptoms such as shoulder and back pain that are believed to be caused by carrying a backpack. Few studies have investigated the changes in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the differences in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks in primary school children with and without BS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 51 children (average age 9.3 years, 6– 12 years). Two questions were asked beforehand: whether the respondents had shoulder or back pain when …going to school and present; those who answered that they had pain in both cases were defined as the BS group, while the others were the control group. Walking and running at comfortable speeds and walking and running with a 6 kg backpack on their backs were measured. RESULTS: During walking, there were main effects for speed, cadence, and strike angle with and without the backpack, but no interactions were identified for any of the parameters. In running, however, there were main effects for speed, stride length, strike angle, and lift-off angle, and an interaction effect was observed for speed and stride length. CONCLUSIONS: During walking, carrying a 6 kg backpack increased cadence and walking speed. During running, carrying a backpack caused a decrease in stride length and running speed in the BS group, whereas there was no change in the control group, suggesting that the control and BS groups may respond differently. Show more

Keywords: Backpack, walking, running, elementary school students, shoulder pain, back pain, backpack syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240111

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024

Authors: Farnese, Maria Luisa | Scafuri Kovalchuk, Liliya | Cova, Eleonora

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature acknowledges that when there is a failure of expectations in the organization-employee relationship, namely the Psychological Contract Breach, it can potentially contribute to deviant behavior such as Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). A justice perspective helps to disentangle this link by suggesting that unethical behaviors may represent the revenge response to perceived organizational unfairness. OBJECTIVE: To gain a more granular understanding of the pathway from Psychological Contract Breach to CWB, this study explores the mediating role of negative emotions in eliciting CWB. It also proposes that the mechanism of moral disengagement helps to deactivate …self-sanctioning processes, allowing individuals to engage in deviant behaviors. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed, and conditional process analysis was conducted on a sample of 635 Italian police officer cadets, who were entering the prison system, a context highly susceptible to a failure of expectations and where, at the same time, counteracting unethical behaviors is a key issue. RESULTS: The results supported the tested model, highlighting the mediator role of Job-Related Negative Emotions in the Psychological Contract Breach–CWB relationship and their interaction with Moral Disengagement in shaping CWB. CONCLUSIONS: By examining the interplay between affective and cognitive components, the study provides valuable insights into the underlying processes involved in the relationship between failure in expectancies and deviant behavior. From a managerial perspective, the findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing fairness within organizations through balanced mutual obligations, and raising awareness of moral regulation mechanisms that may shape deviant behaviors. Show more

Keywords: Counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWB), psychological contract breach, job-related negative emotions, moral disengagement, correctional officers, unethical behavior

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230550

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024

Authors: Segal, Addie | Doyle, Nancy W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the evolving digital revolution, technology and digital tools are becoming inseparable from work and daily occupations. Occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) focus on supporting individuals in their desired and needed activities. Many of these daily activities (i.e., online banking, shopping, social media, smartphone use) require digital skills at a growing rate, and insufficient technological skills may subject individuals to limited engagement and social isolation. OBJECTIVE: To understand OTPs attitudes regarding technology utilization. METHODS: We surveyed 109 OTPs about their attitudes, work practices, and barriers to addressing their clients’ digital technological functioning. …RESULTS: The findings of our study suggest that while OTPs acknowledge the importance and potential benefit of technology for their clients, there is a notable professional gap in the training and skills of OTPs to support their clients’ digital functioning effectively and to integrate technology into their practice. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve and expand OTP’s digital skills and knowledge regarding addressing clients’ digital functioning and technology implementation in occupational therapy practice. Show more

Keywords: Occupational therapy, work, technology, computer literacy, professional competence, competency-based education, professional practice

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230654

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Boets, Isabelle | Luyten, Steven | Vandenbroeck, Sofie | Godderis, Lode

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long term sick leave (SL) is increasing in Europe, several countries have legislative initiatives to reduce long-term absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of a legally defined return-to-work (RTW) trajectory on the RTW of employees on sick leave in Belgium. METHODS: This was a retrospective register-based cohort study of employees (n  = 1416) who followed an RTW trajectory in 2017. We linked workers’ data from a prevention service with social security data. By multinomial logistic regression, we analysed which characteristics predicted the RTW with the same or another employer. RESULTS: One year after their …RTW trajectory, 69.2% of the 1416 employees did not RTW; 10.7% returned to work with the same employer and 20.1% with a new employer. Duration of SL was an important predictor for the RTW with both the same employer and another employer. The odds of RTW were lower when the SL duration was >  6 months compared to <  6 months. Marital status, organization-size, and the occupational physician decision had a significant impact on the RTW with the same employer. Age and who initiated the RTW-trajectory were important predictors on the RTW with another employer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 30.8% of employees returned to work after their RTW trajectory. A one-size-fits-all approach is not recommended. A stepped approach with an early, informal start of the RTW process is advised. When employees or employers fail to initiate the RTW on their own, a legally defined RTW trajectory could be useful. In particular, RTW with another employer seemed a positive effect of the RTW-trajectory. Show more

Keywords: Sick leave, return to work, retrospective study, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230412

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Yigit, Sedat | Ağar, Ali | Berşe, Soner

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of ergonomics in health services is attracting significant attention in the scientific community. There is a need for an integrated study presenting a summary of the published literature backed by detailed bibliometric characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the published literature supported by detailed bibliometric properties. METHODS: Within the scope of this study, a total of 3008 articles on ergonomics in the health field were reviewed and analyzed using a bibliometric method. RESULTS: It reveals the trends of the publications conducted between 1999–2023, and …defines the common citation structure between the articles, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrences. This study presents a knowledge map of ergonomics studies conducted in the health field using a bibliometric analysis method. CONCLUSION: The research results provide comprehensive information to the relevant literature, and define global research focuses and future scopes. This serves as a guide for academics to understand developments in the field of ergonomics and health more easily and quickly. Show more

Keywords: VOSviewer, content analysis, web of science, health sciences, publication analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230367

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Albakri, Uthman | Smeets, Nick | Drotos, Elizabeth | Kant, IJmert | Gabrio, Andrea | Meertens, Ree

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Shift work affects the mental and physical health of nurses, yet the effect of working irregular shifts on sleep and its association with the need for recovery is under-explored. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working irregular shifts, including night shifts, and to determine whether sleep quality is associated with the need for recovery. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 405 nurses working irregular shifts. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, the Sleep-Wake Experience List, sleep problems, sleep duration, and the Need for …Recovery scale. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t -tests, logistic and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: Nurses who worked irregular shifts had poor sleep quality. Those who also worked night shifts, had significantly poorer sleep quality and experienced more difficulties in daily functioning than those who did not work night shifts. Sleep quality was significantly associated with the need for recovery and this remained so after controlling for confounding variables (β = .554, p  = .001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that in nurses who work irregular shifts, the sleep quality is low. In this group, the sleep quality in nurses who work night shifts is lower than in nurses who do not work night shifts. Furthermore, better sleep quality was associated with lower need for recovery. These findings suggest that improving sleep quality in nurses working irregular shifts may lower their need for recovery, which may improve health, and reduce burnout and sickness absence. Show more

Keywords: Nurses, hospitals, shift work schedule, circadian rhythm, sleep, fatigue, burnout, need for recovery.

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230500

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Hurenko, Olha | Suchikova, Yana | Kravchenko, Natalya | Nesterenko, Maryna | Petryk, Kristina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the existing global experience of university and labor market partnerships concerning the employment of youth with disabilities. It was found that current cooperation models are implemented locally, in a fragmented manner, and are limited to interactions between universities and large enterprises. OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to explore the current state of meeting the needs of students with disabilities in terms of providing educational services and employment opportunities and to analyze the interaction between universities, municipalities, and the labor market to improve employment opportunities for young people with disabilities. METHODS: The study considered …a survey of three target groups from different regions of Ukraine (105 students with disabilities, 321 university faculty members, and 102 enterprise managers) conducted to study the current state of needs satisfaction in providing educational services and employing people with disabilities. RESULTS: The findings indicated a lack of coordination among stakeholders, an absence of systematization, and organization in addressing the issue of improving the employment of youth with disabilities. The research enabled the identification of existing and desired connections between the subjects of social partnership. A social partnership model between universities, municipalities, and the labor market was developed to improve the employment of youth with disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study results are promising, as implementing the social partnership model will broadly impact society. Show more

Keywords: People with disabilities, employment, social inclusion, social interaction, partnership practice, professional education, workplace environment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230351

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024

Authors: Lindberg, Monika | Larsson-Lund, Maria | Berg Jansson, Anna | Ranner, Maria

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Digital work poses cognitive demands on all employees, but the impact is greater for employees with cognitive impairments. Digitalization also has significant implications for employer representatives as they are responsible for the work environment. However, knowledge is scarce concerning employer representatives’ perspectives on identifying needs and support for employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital work environment. OBJECTIVE: To describe employer representatives’ experiences of work environment management with focus on employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital environment. METHODS: Focus group methodology was used. Six employer representatives with work environment responsibilities participated. …RESULTS: One overall theme “Mastering the interconnected processes in a transformative digital work environment ” as well as three themes “Facilitating good digital work conditions ”, “Identifying needs and difficulties in work tasks among employees ’ with cognitive impairments ” and “Pursuing knowledge and collaborations to support employees with cognitive impairments ” with subthemes were identified. The themes describe employer representatives’ challenges and efforts to identify fluctuating needs in employees with cognitive impairments and, also, to organize and reduce cognitive demands in the work environment to support them. CONCLUSIONS: Managing the challenges of an evolving digital work environment and matching individual work ability of employees with cognitive impairments in relation to cognitive demands is an ongoing process. The participants valued cooperation with employees with cognitive impairments but lacked support from expertise. The need to develop and implement a functioning support system for vocational rehabilitation to ensure a sustainable work in digital work environments is indicated. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, human resources, managers, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, stroke, sustainable work, vocational rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230690

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Carlstedt, Anita Björklund | Bjursell, Cecilia | Nyman, Rosita | Dahl Aslan, Anna

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2020 the Swedish Government started a gradual raising of the retirement age, but employers have been silent on the issue. Little is known about whether and how they reflect on what it will mean for their organization, or whether they already have, or are going to, make arrangements in order to facilitate and motivate older workers to stay longer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe managers’ experiences of older workers and age management in connection with the increase of the retirement age in Sweden. METHODS: Data was collected through …semi-structured interviews with fourteen managers from a broad set of organizations in the public and private sectors, and from the Middle and East of Sweden. The transcribed material was analysed in line with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The analysis ended up in seven main categories with associated sub-categories: Older Workers, Retirement Ages, Transition Initiatives, Competence Transfer, Competence Development, Increased Retirement Ages, Knowledge Gaps. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that there is an ambivalence in addressing the issue of age among the interviewed managers, what we have interpreted and labelled as “silent age discrimination”, and it was shown that they do not have elaborated strategies for age management. Show more

Keywords: Competence transfer, competence development, knowledge gaps, prolonged working life, transition

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230468

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Hittle, Beverly M. | Keller, Elizabeth G. | Lee, Rebecca C. | Daraiseh, Nancy M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Despite the high risks associated with occupational fatigue in healthcare, few organizations require nurses to screen and report fatigue symptoms. As a result, little is known about if and how nurses would report fatigue while on the job. Objective: To determine if hospital-based pediatric nurses reported fatigue as part of an active injury reporting method. Methods: This secondary analysis of qualitative data used a descriptive design with content analysis. Data from the parent study were collected at a U.S. pediatric hospital where nurses verbally reported on-shift injuries or near misses and pre- and post-shift health …status via a digital voice recorder. Researchers used content analysis to independently code data for nurses’ references to fatigue. Codes were then analyzed for patterns and themes. Results: Approximately 30% (n  = 104) of participants reported fatigue-related content. Emergent themes were Work Stressors, Individual Risk Factors, Fatigue Descriptors, Adverse Outcomes from Fatigue, Fatigue Buffers, Descriptors for Buffered Fatigue, and Favorable Outcomes from Buffered Fatigue. Fatigue descriptions align with prior literature, demonstrating the accuracy of the voice recorder data collection method. In addition, nurses expressed uncertainty about the appropriateness of reporting fatigue symptoms. Conclusion: Findings from this study support pediatric nurses will report fatigue, when provided an opportunity. Additional efforts are needed to better understand effective ways to improve fatigue reporting among nurses, including harnessing current technology for real-time reporting and how to change the culture around fatigue reporting. Show more

Keywords: Fatigue, occupational health, occupational injuries, organizational culture, safety management, risk assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230273

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Meadley, Benjamin N. | Caldwell-Odgers, Joanne

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Paramedics working in helicopter teams undertake water and land rescues. Historical assessments of role-related fitness were not developed using physical employment standards methodology. OBJECTIVE: To compare the historical selection tests with new tests developed via contemporary scientific methodology. METHODS: Candidates undergoing selection to the role of flight paramedic (n  = 14; age 37±5 yrs, body mass index [BMI] 26±4 kg.m2 ) undertook existing paramedic selection tests on land and in water, measurements of task duration, maximum heart rate (HRmax ), rate of perceived exertion (RPE6 - 20 ) and capillary blood lactate (Lacmax ) were recorded. These results were …compared to the same variables in experienced paramedics (n  = 14; age 44±5 yrs, BMI 25±3 kg.m2 ) who undertook the new tests. RESULTS: Land task duration (existing 17±2 min vs. proposed 7±2 min, p  <  0.05) HRmax (existing 186±13 b.min–1 vs. proposed 173±11 b.min–1 , p  <  0.05), and Lacmax (existing 23±3 mmol.L–1 vs. proposed 8±2 mmol.L–1 , p  <  0.05) were higher in the existing test compared to the proposed tests. Water task duration (existing 12±2 min vs. proposed 10±1 min, p  <  0.05) was longer in the existing test, but HRmax (existing 166±18 b.min–1 vs. proposed 167±15 b.min–1 , p  = 0.90), Lacmax (existing 11±4 mmol.L–1 vs. proposed 11±4 mmol.L–1 , p  = 0.90) did not differ. RPE6 - 20 did not differ between groups for water or land. CONCLUSIONS: The historical land-based physical tests for paramedics differed from the proposed tests, however the water-based tests had similar duration and physiological demands. Use of tests not developed via established scientific methodologies risks eliminating candidates suitable to work in the role, or including candidates that are not. Show more

Keywords: Fitness, ergonomics, work, specialist, strenuous, task

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230582

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Liu, Yao-zhong | Li, Chao-fu | Feng, Xiao-lu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Employees’ perception of being overqualified is a critical factor in influencing their knowledge sharing behavior. However previous studies have not examined the internal mechanism by which perceived overqualification affects knowledge sharing. OBJECTIVE: Drawing on social exchange theory, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived overqualification and knowledge sharing and to examine the mediating effect of organizational identity and the moderating role of psychological entitlement. METHODS: Participants were 284 full-time employees from different companies in China. They answered self-report questionnaires that assessed perceived overqualification, knowledge sharing, organizational identity, and psychological …entitlement. Path analyses were conducted, and the latent moderated structural equations were used to judge the significance of the mediation and moderation. RESULTS: The results revealed that overqualified employees were less willing to share knowledge, and the mediating role of organizational identity was significant. Further, the presence of high psychological entitlement would diminish the beneficial effect of organizational identity on employee knowledge sharing. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study enrich and expand our knowledge on the relationship between overqualification and knowledge sharing and have theoretical and practical implications for promoting constructive behavior among overqualified employees. Show more

Keywords: Perceived overqualification, knowledge sharing, organizational identity, psychological entitlement, moderated mediation effects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230722

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Singh, Gurdeep | Karmakar, Sougata

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The FMCG manufacturing industry in industrially developing countries operates in a manual or semi-automatic setup, employing a vast labor force. Several non-standardized work activities prevail on the FMCG shop floor and remain prone to safety-related risks involving repetitive motions, forceful exertions, and awkward postures. Among those, the rework of defective pouches/sachets is an unsafe activity of prime concern. It is prone to minor nicks, cuts, and injuries due to inadequate tools being used. It involves sharp cutters/blades and extensive forceful manual hand squeezing, which leads to drudgery and safety concerns. There lies the lack of standardized tools/apparatus for …rework activity, and efforts towards its mitigation are required. OBJECTIVE: Current research aims to address occupational safety-related issues in non-standardized rework activity in small-scale FMCG units through an innovative product design approach. METHODS: An ergo-audit was conducted in eight small-scale FMCG units to identify the prevailing ergonomic stressors and safety concerns. The most critical area of concern, i.e., rework activity, was chosen through card-sorting sessions and discussions held with the stakeholders. An appropriate context-specific apparatus was designed/developed to ensure better safety and occupational health utilizing a systematic product design method involving three phases: initial field survey, design and development, and field trials. RESULTS: The apparatus, which was developed and factory-trialed, was evaluated for productivity improvement and ensuring user compatibility from various human factors’ perspectives. CONCLUSION: In field trials, the developed apparatus was found effective in mitigating safety concerns and various ergonomic stressors associated with FMCG rework. Show more

Keywords: Safety, hazard control, OSH in FMCG, human factors, ergonomic stressors, product design, innovation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240096

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024

Authors: Qiao, Shuqian | Chen, Xinyi | Cao, Xi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of young acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing. Return-to-work is an important indicator for patients’ psycho-social recovery. However, factors influencing return-to-work after AMI are yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To summary available evidence on rate and factors associated with return-to-work among AMI patients. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopes and two Chinese databases (CNKI and VIP) were searched from inception to October 3, 2023. Pooled rate of return-to-work (%) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated with Stata 17 software. RESULTS: Of 2403 records screened, …19 studies were included. Pooled rate of return-to-work at 3, 6, 12, and 24 and above months after AMI was 74%, 87%, 87%, 80% respectively. Factors associated with lower rate of return-to-work were comorbidity of diabetes (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93), history of heart failure (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23–0.80), manual labor (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35–0.76) and depression (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–0.93). Male (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09–1.85) and higher education level (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25-1.69) were protective factors. Age, marital status and smoking were not significantly associated with return-to-work. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients could return to work at 3-month post-AMI, return-to-work rate was increased during one-year post-AMI followed by a decrease. Comorbidity of diabetes, history of heart failure, manual labor and depression were negative predictors of return-to-work, while male and higher education level were protective factors. This would assist the professionals to identify the patient who was risk for unable to return-to-work and provide support for AMI patents. Show more

Keywords: Myocardial infarction, return to work, prognosis, rehabilitation, social participation, employment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230301

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Abella, Arving A. | Prasetyo, Yogi Tri | Cahigas, Maela Madel L. | Dela Cruz, Ronnie B. | Nadlifatin, Reny

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Background: Aircraft software loading tools evolved as enhanced floppy disks and different types of portable data loaders emerged into the modern world. However, there was a lack of academic research centered on the usability of those tools. Objective: This study analyzed the usability of three aircraft software loading tools: floppy disks, Teledyne PMAT, and MBS mini PDL. Methods: A total of 20 avionics technicians answered 10 System Usability Scale (SUS) indicators and performed the software loading task. These professionals completed three sets of SUS questionnaires, one set for each software tool. Results: Analysis of …Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were statistical differences in SUS score and completion time. The comparable SUS score and completion time pertained to the following tools: floppy disks & MBS mini PDL and Teledyne PMAT & MBS mini PDL. Pearson correlation analysis noted a significant positive relationship between SUS score & software tool. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between SUS score & completion time and software tool & completion time. However, avionics technicians’ years of experience lacked a significant impact on SUS score and completion time. Ultimately, it was recommended to utilize MBS mini PDL. This aircraft loading tool had the most significant impact, highest SUS score, and fastest completion time. Conclusions: The researchers presented managerial implications if MBS mini PDL was utilized, including sales increase and overhead cost savings. Finally, this research was the first study that analyzed the usability of the commonly used aircraft software loading tools. Show more

Keywords: System Usability Scale (SUS), aircraft software, floppy disk, teledyne portable maintenance access terminal (PMAT), MBS mini Portable Data Loader (PDL)

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230653

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024

Authors: Artar, Melike | Erdil, Oya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the Covid-19 period, academics have given great importance to the concept of teleworking. However, despite this interest, empirical studies investigating the effect of workplace isolation on employees’ behavior during Covid-19 are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being in light of the mediating role of perceived organizational support and the moderating role of job insecurity. METHODS: Within the scope of the research, teleworkers in accordance with the isolation rules was used as a criterion for the selection of the participants. In this vein, data collected from …382 respondents were investigated using structural equation modelling analysis. RESULTS: The results indicate that (1) workplace isolation positively relate to perceived organizational support and negatively related to psychological well-being, (2) perceived organizational support positively relate to psychological wellbeing, (3) perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being, and (4) job insecurity moderates the relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative to understand telework employees’ psychological and emotional processes, which have gained speed in the last year, in adapting to the new order. This study is critical in understanding the psychological processes of teleworkers. Show more

Keywords: Teleworking, workplace, social isolation, job security, Covid-19, psychological well-being, employment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230580

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: Le, Aurora B. | Yuan, Shuhan | Chow, Angela | Mullins-Jaime, Charmaine | Smith, Todd D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) personnel are first responders located at airports in the United States who provide emergency response, mitigation, evacuation, and rescue of passengers and crew of aircraft at airports. The nature of their work puts ARFF personnel in close contact with travelers on a regular basis and at elevated risk for COVID-19 exposure. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we focused on safety behavior, perceived risk, and workplace resources to understand COVID-19 outcomes in the early pandemic among the overlooked worker population of ARFF personnel. The goal of this study was to examine how …a self-reported positive COVID test were associated with safety behavior, perceived risk, and workplace resources. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected among ARFF personnel a year into the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Regression results showed that each additional unit increase in perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 was associated with a 133% increase in the odds of testing positive for COVID-19 (OR = 2.33, p  <  0.05), and with each additional unit increase in perceived severity level, the odds of getting COVID-19 decreased by 47% (OR = 0.53, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Infection control among first responders may be improved by providing relevant information physical and emotional resources, and support that help shape perceptions of risk and adoption of prevention behaviors. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, emergency responders, firefighters, occupational exposure, occupational health, safety, workplace

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230316

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Shokrolahi, Ismail | Mououdi, Mohammad Amin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Using a computer may lead to pain in wrists, neck, and back. In addition, adopting various body postures like sitting cross-legged, semi-fowler’s position, and putting the laptop on the leg may lead to the development of persistent and irreversible discomfort. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to design and build an adjustable ergonomic laptop desk based on the anthropometric characteristics of students in the age range of 20 to 30 years and to evaluate its efficiency using RULA and NERPA methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted on 108 students, in which …an adjustable and portable ergonomic desk designed and built based on 10 anthropometric dimensions of students and the length and width of 10 different laptop models. Two assessment methods, RULA and NERPA, were used. Wilcoxon statistic test and SPSS version 26 software used for data analysis. RESULTS: The dimensions of the desk were calculated in three positions, and the desk was made with the ability to adjust height, width and tilt, each with two degrees of freedom. The statistical analysis comparing score of RULA and NERPA in two situations without using a desk and using an ergonomic laptop desk had a significant difference (P -value <  0.001). Comparison of RULA and NERPA scores showed that NERPA evaluated the low ergonomic risk level better than RULA method. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the ability to adjust the designed desk, the changes in RULA and NERPA score in all three modes, it indicates the effectiveness of the table in improving the body posture of users when using a laptop. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, laptop desk, ergonomic design, anthropometry, posture assessment method

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230528

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Bostanpara, Alireza | Hemmati, Zahra | Varmazyar, Sakineh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The physical condition of workers’ body structure and assigned duties, can contribute to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body structure status, type of work activity, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the detergent industry. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 148 industrial workers selected based on inclusion criteria and their medical checkup records. Data collection for the study included a demographic information questionnaire, a body map questionnaire, and an assessment of the workers’ musculoskeletal system conducted by three physiotherapists simultaneously. …RESULTS: 54.1% of the participants had a total body structure score classified as poor or fair. The neck region showed the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (51.4%), followed by the lower back region (35.1%). Significant associations were found between abnormalities in the upper and middle limbs of the body and the prevalence of pain in the right shoulder region (Fisher/F = 9.29, P ≤0.05) as well as the intermediate back region (F  = 10.28, P ≤0.01). Office workers experienced a higher prevalence of neck pain than workers in the product line and technical roles, with a statistically significant Odds Ratio (OR) ranging between 2.7 and 6.6 times. Conversely, industrial workers who operate powered machinery showed a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder (OR = 3.93) and left foot (OR = 4.07). Meanwhile, workers involved in loading and unloading tasks had a higher prevalence of pain in the middle back (OR = 3.61) and right foot (OR = 4.5) compared to office workers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pain in the right shoulder and middle back may be due to abnormalities in the upper and intermediate body structure. Production line workers reported a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder, middle back, and foot compared to office workers. Show more

Keywords: Body, detergent, disorder, industry, musculoskeletal, prevalence, worker

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240118

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Bhupal, Nake | Bures, Laura | Peterson, Emika | Nicol, Spencer | Figeys, Mathieu | Cruz, Antonio Miguel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) is a crucial component within return-to-work decision making. However, clinician-based physical FCE interpretation may introduce variability and biases. The rise of technological applications such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, could ensure consistent and precise results. OBJECTIVE: This review investigates the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in physical FCEs specific for return-to-work assessments. METHODS: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across five databases, extracting study specifics, populations, and technological tools employed, through dual independent reviews. RESULTS: Nine studies were identified that used ICT in …FCEs. These technologies included electromyography, heart rate monitors, cameras, motion detectors, and specific software. Notably, although some devices are commercially available, these technologies were at a technology readiness level of 5–6 within the field of FCE. A prevailing trend was the combined use of diverse technologies rather than a single, unified solution. Moreover, the primary emphasis was on the application of technology within study protocols, rather than a direct evaluation of the technology usability and feasibility. CONCLUSION: The literature underscores limited ICT integration in FCEs. The current landscape of FCEs, marked by a high dependence on clinician observations, presents challenges regarding consistency and cost-effectiveness. There is an evident need for a standardized technological approach that introduces objective metrics to streamline the FCE process and potentially enhance its outcomes. Show more

Keywords: Information technology, return to work, machine learning, rehabilitation, artificial intelligence, work, bio-mechanics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230560

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Eusufzai, Sumaiya Zabin | Then, Bernard Ying Kang | Jamayet, Nafij Bin | Maqbool, Manahil | Noorani, Tahir Yusuf | Ahmad, Wan Muhamad Amir W | Alam, Mohammad Khursheed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a temporary airflow obstruction during periods of sleep. Patients with OSA often suffer from poor work performance, compromised sleep quality, and low quality of life which may lead to a life-threatening event. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward OSA among medical and dental practitioners are crucial to the initial diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the differences in knowledge and attitude toward OSA between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed from February 2020 to February 2021. …A total of fifty-two medical practitioners and fifty-two dental practitioners working at university-based outpatient clinics, government health clinics, and oral health clinics located in Kelantan State of Malaysia participated in the study, and data were collected by the structured questionnaire including sociodemographic inquiry and OSAKA questionnaire by non-probability stratified random sampling. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 34.6 years. The current study shows that 92.3% of medical doctors and 96.1% of dental doctors were able to correctly answer the question “Most of the patients with OSA snore” a significant finding in our study. Only 1% of medical professionals could answer seventeen questions correctly with a median score of 11, and only 1% of dental professionals could answer sixteen questions correctly with a median score of 9. None of them could provide an accurate answer to all the knowledge questions. Medical and dental practitioners exhibited different knowledge levels on OSA (z- statistics=–4.39, U  = 827.00 with p  <  0.05, and effect size, r  = 0.61). However, no significant differences were found in total knowledge score by gender (p -value>0.05), ethnicity (p -value>0.05), total service years (p -value>0.05), and training attended. In addition, significant differences in attitude levels between medical and dental practitioners have been observed (z-statistics=–3.42, U  = 725.00 with p  <  0.05, and effect size, r  = 0.47). Nevertheless, no significant differences have been seen in total attitude score by ethnicity (p -value >  0.05), total service years (p -value >  0.05), attending training on OSA (p -value >  0.05), and professional status (p -value >  0.05) except gender (p -value <  0.05). CONCLUSION: A Significant difference is evident concerning knowledge and attitude toward OSA diagnosis and management between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Medical practitioners in this study recorded a higher knowledge and attitude score compared to dental practitioners. Show more

Keywords: Sleep apnea, sleep-disordered breathing, continuous positive airway pressure, temporomandibular disorders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220174

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Tunç, Ahmet | Yağar, Sema Dökme | Gerçek, Emine | Yağar, Fedayi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adopting an effective leadership style is of critical importance in increasing healthcare efficiency and therefore determining patient satisfaction. For example, although there are many new and effective leadership types today, the paternalistic leadership approach can still play an effective role in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of paternalistic leadership in the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress. METHODS: A total of 466 healthcare workers completed measures of perceived paternalistic leadership, job stress, and job satisfaction. The research was conducted in the center of Gaziantep, one …of the largest cities in Turkey. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results. RESULTS: A negative relationship was found between job satisfaction and job stress. Additionally, it has been determined that the perception of paternalistic leadership has a moderating role. It has been observed that as the perception of paternalistic leadership increases, the negative relationship between job satisfaction and job stress decreases. CONCLUSION: It has been concluded that the paternalistic leadership approach can play a critical role in increasing the productivity of healthcare workers and reducing the negative effect of stress on satisfaction. It has been suggested that policies be developed to develop appropriate strategies for creating work environments that will increase employees’ perceptions of paternalistic leadership. Show more

Keywords: Effective leadership, mental health, work environment, health workers, hospitals, Turkey

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240026

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024

Authors: Matsuda, Yuko | Hamada, Shoko

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Japan has a shortage of childcare personnel, and the high levels of stress causing turnover in childcare workers must be urgently resolved. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics and influencing factors of job stress in Japanese childcare workers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the job stress of childcare workers and explore the influence of demographic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on such stress. METHODS: The data were collected through an Internet survey from 2,472 respondents. A 23-item version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to measure occupational stress …in childcare workers. The instrument is recommended in the stress-check program implemented as a mental health measure in workplaces in Japan. RESULTS: The percentage of childcare workers with high stress exceeded that of general workers. Multiple regression analyses showed that the only factor affecting all job stressors and social support was the fear of contracting COVID-19. Job stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant large effect on stress responses. Additionally, being married and having children moderated childcare workers’ stress. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided basic data regarding job stress in Japanese childcare workers and compared them with those of other professionals. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify how stress is related to turnover intention and turnover in Japanese childcare workers to promote their career continuity. Show more

Keywords: Childcare, occupational groups, East Asian people, working conditions, occupational stress, demography, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230658

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024

Authors: Granberg, Sarah | Widén, Stephen | Gustafsson, Johanna

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Persons with hearing loss (HL) are a vulnerable group in working life. Studies have shown that they are more likely than the general population to be in part-time work, to be unemployed, receive disability pension, and to be on sick leave. Many workers with HL also experience unhealthy work conditions, such as jobs where they experience high demands combined with low control as well as safety concerns and social isolation. There is a lack of studies that focus on factors that promote a healthy, sustainable work situation for the target group. OBJECTIVE: To investigate health factors that …contribute to a sustainable work situation for employees with HL. METHODS: The current study was a comparative, observational study with a cross-sectional design including a clinical population of adults with HL. Comparisons were made between workers with HL “in work” and workers with HL on “HL-related sick leave”. RESULTS: Seven health factors were identified. Those “in work” experienced a healthier work environment as well as lower levels of mental strain, hearing-related work characteristics and content, cognitively demanding work content, hearing-related symptoms, energy-demanding activities, and bodily aches and pain than those on “HL-related sick leave”. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a clear pattern regarding health factors for a sustainable working life. The type of job was not related to whether an individual was on sick leave or working. Rather, the work climate and the content of the work mattered. Show more

Keywords: Hearing loss, working conditions, workplace, health, occupational health, salutogenesis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230377

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: de Mattos, Letícia Anselmo | Rocha, Raoni | de Castro Moura Duarte, F.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human error and violation of rules are perceived as deviations from some desired behavior, appearing variably in literature as either similar or opposing concepts. Behavioral deviations may be linked to accidents or considered a protective factor against them. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore definitions, characteristics, classifications, and management approaches for behavioral deviations, specifically human error and violation of rules. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. RESULTS: The authors differ in defining and classifying error and violation, associating them with generation of accidents or their prevention. The management proposals for deviations highlighted …by the authors were emphasized. CONCLUSION: The findings of this article reinforce the prominence of authors Jens Rasmussen and James Reason in the field. They assert that deviations are a natural aspect of the work process and even serve as a preventive factor against accidents, although their frequent association with accidents remains common in organizations. This study contributes to theoretical understanding by systematizing prevalent perspectives on deviation, human error, and violation of rules. It proposes a taxonomy and emphasizing the need for managing deviations, rather than combating them, especially in an organizational context. Show more

Keywords: Accidents, behavioral, deviation, procedure, rules, management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230186

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024

Authors: Lauridsen, Jane | Hansen, Mette Lausten | Begtrup, Luise Mølenberg | Momsen, Anne-Mette Hedeager | Pedersen, Pernille | Thulstrup, Ane Marie | Maimburg, Rikke Damkjær

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk assessment and work adjustment according to EU legislation may safeguard pregnant employees and their offspring. Knowledge on management perspectives in relation to implementation of protective measures is limited. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to describe Danish hospital managers’ engagement in pregnancy policy and work adjustment for pregnant employees. The secondary aim was to investigate how managers’ characteristics and the setting affect engagement and behaviour. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of survey data from 212 managers. Outcomes were within dimensions of health promotion, pregnancy policy, work adjustment, collaboration, manager support, and …sick leave. Logistic and ordinal logistic regression models were applied to identify associations between background information and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the managers included, 84% arranged meetings and 76% conducted occupational risk assessment. Most managers (96%) engaged in dialogue with the employees before sick leave. Most managers felt competent in providing guidance for pregnant employees and 99% considered work adjustment important, mainly to safeguard mothers and children. The self-reported data showed positive associations between female managers and feeling competent to guide the employee. Further, management training was associated with meetings with pregnant employees. Seniority was associated with feeling competent to guide and dialogue. Midwifery support was associated with competence in guiding employees about risk factors. CONCLUSION: Work adjustment and risk assessment for pregnant employees are considered a priority by Danish hospital managers. Overall, managers feel competent guiding pregnant employees. However, managers experience midwifery support beneficial for the guidance of pregnant employees. Show more

Keywords: Financial management, hospital, occupational exposures, health-care personnel, maternal health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230458

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Jit, Param | Singh, Sumanjeet | Goel, Sonia | Gupta, Apoorva

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Education is crucial for empowering women in the labour market. However, the choice of occupation may not always necessarily be determined by their level of education. OBJECTIVE: The present study seeks to answer two important questions: (1) Does education help in determining occupational choices of women working in the informal sector? (2) How do factors like number of dependents in the family, woman staying with family, migration status of a woman and the use of networks in the job-search process, affect the occupational choices of women working in the informal sector? METHOD: The study utilised …the data collected from 476 women, working in the urban informal sector of three northern States of India. We have estimated multinomial Probit model to analyse the data. RESULTS: This paper argues that education level cannot be the sole premise for a woman to have a better occupational choice within the informal sector. Other factors play a relatively significant role in determining the choice of occupation by a woman. CONCLUSION: Working women in the urban informal sector have less autonomy in the choice of their occupation and the education levels alone cannot help in providing access to more hygienic, career enriching and well-paying options to them. Show more

Keywords: Education, unemployment, occupational choices, networks, informal sector, labour, migration, I26, J24, D89, J46

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220483

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024