Work - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Eklund, Annika | Sterner, Anders | Nilsson, Maria Skyvell | Larsman, Pernilla

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transition programs for newly graduated nurses in hospital settings are reported to provide learning opportunities, strengthening confidence, workplace integration and skills, retention and job satisfaction. Still, our knowledge of long-term effects is scarce and few studies have used control groups. OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term impact of having attended a transition program on the nurses’ experiences of the first years of practice. More specifically, ideology-infused psychological contract, ethical stress, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, opportunities for learning, and intention to stay in the nursing profession, were explored as outcome variables. METHODS: …A questionnaire survey was carried out among registered nurses from November 2019 to January 2020, with a 54% response rate. The analysis was based on 149 nurses who had attended a transition program, and 72 who had not attended. The nurses had seniority between one and three years. Independent samples t -test were used to investigate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The two groups showed small and non-significant differences in the outcome variables. However, regarding the frequency of ethical value conflicts induced by insufficient resources, as well as experiences of ethical value conflict distress, the group of nurses who had attended a transition program showed statistically significantly higher mean values, although the effect sizes were small. CONCLUSION: Newly graduated nurses need more than transition programs and skills training to progress in their nursing role and develop competence, increase job satisfaction, and reduce stress. Achieving these goals requires a long-term supportive learning environment that is integrated into everyday work. Show more

Keywords: New graduated nurses, transition, well-being, job satisfaction, moral distress, turnover, hospital work environment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230537

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Erol, Özgül | Küçükkaya, Burcu | Yenici, Ecehan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU) regarding the work-index-nursing work environment, the effect level ICU environment has on the nurses’ care behaviors and stress levels of the nurses should be determined. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the nurse manpower on care behaviours and stress level of the nurses working in the ICU. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample of the study consisted of 123 nurses working in the ICUs. The data were collected using the survey form, Distress Thermometer (DT), The Practice Work Environment Scale …of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and Caring Behaviors Scale-24 (CBS-24). RESULTS: The mean age of nurses in the ICU was 30.2±5.6 and the mean of working time in the intensive care unit of nurses in the ICU was 3.7±3.1 years. The mean of the DT was 4.8±3.4, and the mean score of PES-NWI was 2.6±1.0 and the mean score of CBS-24 was 4.7±1.1 in nurses in the ICU. The regression model which was studied to investigate the relationship between caring behaviors and stress and nurse manpower of nurses working in intensive care unit was significant. CONCLUSION: Care behaviors and stress levels of nurses working in intensive care units are negatively affected by insufficient nurse manpower. Show more

Keywords: Intensive care unit, nurse, nurse manpower, caring behaviors, stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220710

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Tariq, Tayyaba | Kashif, Muhammad | Ayaz, Jahanara | Ijaz, Muhammad Muneeb | Javed, Ayesha | Adeel Arshad, Muhammad | Ghaffar, Tamjeed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional drivers are most likely to experience work-related neck pain due to awkward sitting positions for extended periods of time. Globally, millions of people depend on drivers who dedicate their lives to the craft. However, there is a paucity of data available on professional drivers suffering from neck pain or other musculoskeletal pain in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of neck pain and its association with postural and ergonomic factors among Pakistani professional drivers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2022 among 369 professional drivers located in Faisalabad, Pakistan. …The data were collected by using a questionnaire comprising different sections, including personal, postural and ergonomic factors among drivers. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 40.83±9.27 years. Among the 369 participants, 129 reported neck pain. The period and point prevalence of neck pain were 35% (n  = 129) and 31% (n  = 115), respectively. Professional drivers reported a significant association between habitual forward posture and head–neck posture (p  = 0.000) and between habitual forward posture and trunk posture (p  = 0.000) with neck pain. In addition, ergonomics training (p  = 0.002), ergonomics awareness (p  = 0.002), and mobile use while driving (p  = 0.000) were significantly associated with neck pain. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that drivers have greater period prevalence of neck pain than point prevalence. Moreover, this study revealed that age, BMI, lifestyle, health status, medication use, and smoking habits were associated with neck pain in drivers. Drivers who had ergonomic training and awareness were significantly less likely to suffer from lower neck pain. Drivers with a habitual forward posture are more likely to suffer from neck pain than are drivers with a prone posture. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, musculoskeletal neck pain, professional drivers, posture

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230344

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Asadi, Nasrin | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive and environmental parameters are among the most important influencing factors in the prevalence of WRMSDs, which have been studied less compared to physical ergonomic in automobile industry. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between environmental and cognitive ergonomics with the prevalence of WRMSDs in an automotive industry. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2023 in an automobile company. The sample size was 740 workers. The prevalence of WRMSDs was assessed using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Occupational stress, mental workload, sleep quality, and cognitive failure were assessed by …Job Content Questionnaire, NASA-TLX Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, respectively. Noise were measured by KIMO-DB300 sound analyzer. The intensity of lighting was measured using a Hanger Screen Master illuminance meter. Heat stress was measured by Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). RESULTS: 72.58% reported the musculoskeletal disorders in at least one of their body parts during the past 12 months. The average values of occupational stress, mental workload, sleep quality, and cognitive failure among workers with WRMSDs were higher than the participants without WRMSDs (p -value < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the values of all studied physical harmful factors between the two investigated groups, except thermal stress (p -value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Findings from this study highlight the critical need for a holistic approach that considers both the external work environment and internal cognitive processes to effectively prevent and manage WRMSDs among automobile industry workers. Show more

Keywords: WRMSDs, mental workload, cognitive failure, noise and vibration, automobile industry

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240275

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024

Authors: Sun, Xiaomeng | Alam, Beenish Fatima | Ghafoor Chaudhary, Muhammad Aamir | Khan, Summara | Khan, Amna | Jan, Hassan | Hussain, Talib | Khan, Shahid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Various tools had been used to measure the level of burnout, anxiety, and depression. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory assesses personal, work or job, and patient related burnout. While DASS21 assesses stress, anxiety, and depression. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability of Copenhagen burnout tool and DASS-21 amongst the faculty members employed in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional research incorporated 384 medical, dental, and nursing faculty working full time at university. Data for research was collected from January to May 2023. Copenhagen and DASS21 survey were the survey tools used to identify the level …of burnout and stress. Reliability of both tools was assessed using Cronbach alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to detect factorial structure of both tools. Pearson correlation was conducted to detect association between various domains. Multiple logistic regression was computed to detect relationship between the domains. RESULTS: From a total of 384 participants, there were 118 (30.7%) males, 266 (69.3%) females. There were 169 (44%) medical, 140 (36.5%) dental, and 75 (19.5%) nursing faculty. Reliability analysis revealed satisfactory results for both tools. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a four-model fit for the CBI, whilst a three-factor model was observed for DASS21. Personal burnout demonstrated positive and significant correlation with work related burnout, and stress, while it showed significant but negative correlation with depression. CONCLUSION: Female faculty displaced higher academic burnout as compared to men. A statistically significant correlation between burnout, anxiety, and depression. Both tools displayed high reliability and validity for the current sample. Show more

Keywords: Anxiety, burnout, depression, stress, Pakistan

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240075

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024

Authors: Wise, Jenni M. | Konkle-Parker, Deborah | Raper, James L. | Heaton, Karen | Vance, David E. | Azuero, Andres | Wingood, Gina | Adimora, Adaora A. | Topper, Elizabeth F. | Kempf, Mirjam-Colette

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are particularly vulnerable to poor employment outcomes, impacting their socioeconomic independence and personal sense of empowerment. OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of a mixed methods study, which examined the personal, clinical, and socioeconomic contexts associated with employment and occupational productivity among employed WLHIV (n  = 164) in the Southern United States. METHODS: The Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 was used to assess the perceived impact of HIV disease on the ability to maintain focus and complete tasks at work. Correlational and hierarchical regression techniques were applied to examine the relationships between personal, …clinical, and socioeconomic contexts and occupational productivity. RESULTS: In this sample, 62% of women perceived no impact on their ability to work or capacity to complete work related to living with HIV. In multivariable modeling, empowerment, neurocognition, socioeconomic status, and psychological health were associated with occupational productivity. In-depth interviews (n  = 29) provided rich contexts and meaning surrounding employment among WLHIV, and indicated that quality of life, work-life balance, empowerment, social support, and psychological health influenced the experience of work. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial and structural interventions are needed to improve occupational outcomes in this vulnerable population. Show more

Keywords: Employment, women living with HIV, occupational productivity, mixed-methods study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230363

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024

Authors: Faraco, Raquel Malheiros | Broberg, Ole | Duarte, Francisco José De Castro Moura

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper investigates the pandemic remote work impacts and learning on onshore teams that support offshore activities. Wells construction and maintenance involve unpredictabilities, requiring support teams to help the crew onboard the rig to adapt the operations to the reality of the well. Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) literature presented the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic remote work on knowledge workers’ health and well-being. Still, it lacked studies on the impacts on work activities of the industrial sector. OBJECTIVE: Since safety knowledge is continuously and collectively developed in the experts’ day-to-day work activities, the research objective is …to identify the impacts and learnings of remote work on the support teams’ safety knowledge management. METHODS: The Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) guided the problem understanding, activities observations, and data analysis. The Work System Model (WSM) was the framework for systematizing data from 117 interviews. RESULTS: The results indicate a significant reduction in interactions during the pandemic, making information and safety knowledge sharing more challenging and weakening team members’ cooperation. However, no impact on performance was reported. Working from home reduced interruptions and increased focus, facilitating individual tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The research identifies collective and individual strategies developed by the team to cope with remote work. The findings confirm Management Literature findings on reducing interaction, hampering nonverbal communication, and increasing the amount of data. However, communication applications used during the pandemic have expanded rapidly, allowing faster access to team members, improving connectivity onshore/offshore, and making it a valuable legacy of the COVID-19 lockdown. Show more

Keywords: Remote work, teleworking, collocated work, knowledge management, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230565

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024

Authors: Yurt, Esra | Gümüşsoy, Süreyya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKROUND: Motorcycle ambulances are particularly useful in navigating narrow and congested areas during premium hours due to their ability to provide rapid access to patients in pre-hospital emergency healthcare services (PHEHS), possessing suitable and necessary advanced life support accessories, and their speed, flexibility, and ease of maneuverability. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the experiences and challenges encountered by motorcycle ambulance workers in PHEHS. METHODS: This study adopts a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing a phenomenological approach within the framework of a case study. The research sample consists of 19 paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) …working on motorcycle ambulances. Purposeful sampling method, specifically the snowball sampling technique, was employed in selecting the sample. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted using a semi-structured interview form, from August 2022 to February 2023. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using the MAXQDA program. RESULTS: Participants shared their experiences and the problems they encountered while performing their duties across four themes: purpose of motorcycle ambulances, most frequently assigned cases, challenges encountered, and the importance of teamwork. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to ensure personnel safety by forming the motorcycle ambulance team from selected individuals, subjecting the selected personnel to the same standard and comprehensive advanced driving and technical training, regulating working hours, increasing the number of personnel, and fostering teamwork. Further efforts are needed to improve the working conditions of motorcycle ambulance services. Show more

Keywords: Pre-hospital emergency care, motorcycle ambulance, paramedic, emergency medical technician, working conditions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240113

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Schulte, Paul A. | Pot, Frank D. | Iavicoli, Ivo | Leso, Veruscka | Fontana, Luca | Almeida, Ildeberto M. | Antunes, Evelise D. | Araujo, Tania M. | Caraballo-Arias, Yohama | Balogun, Mary O. | Buralli, Rafael | Choi, Won-Jun | Cotrim, Teresa | Fischer, Frida M. | Fisher, Donald L. | Martinez, Maria Carmen | de Anchieta Messias, Iracimara | Oakman, Jodi | Olympio, Kelly P.K. | Omokhodion, Folashade | Popkin, Stephen M. | Ribeiro, Helena | Pratap, Preethi | Salmen-Navarro, Acran | Violante, Francesco S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the United Nations (UN) have promoted the concept of decent work as a Sustainable Development Goal for 2030 to address critical global problems. Occupational safety and health (OSH) are components of decent work, primarily through the ILO social protection objective of the goal, and are linked to various other objectives. OBJECTIVE: This Commentary applies a previously published staging framework to stimulate thinking about how the OSH field can contribute further to the achievement of decent work. METHODS: To advance the contribution of the framework, the different functions of OSH …(research, practice, advocacy, governance, and professional education) were used to identify impediments to achieving decent work and develop recommendations for each determinant in the framework. RESULTS: Promoting and achieving decent work are complex issues that require a multifactorial approach. Numerous recommendations supporting systems thinking and transdisciplinary approaches are provided. CONCLUSIONS: The OSH field can expand to further address decent work. Show more

Keywords: Sustainable development goals, systems science, transdisciplinarity, psychosocial hazards

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240230

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024

Authors: Aytar, Ayça | Altintas, Atahan | Gercek, Hasan | Sarak, Hazal | Pagé, M. Gabrielle | Aytar, Aydan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Measuring treatment expectations using the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (TEC) scale has the potential to help clinicians and researchers better understand the role that treatment expectations play within the framework of multimodal pain management settings. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the cross-cultural adaptation, construct validity and reliability of the TEC Scale in the Turkish language. METHODS: The study included 191 volunteers aged 22–65 with chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This study composed of a six-stage cross-cultural adaptation process, which included translation, translation synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, pre-testing and documentation submission. The …Positivity Scale and Illness Cognition Questionnaire were used to measure convergent validity while the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to test divergent validity. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the TEC scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Scale’s internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to evaluate both convergent and divergent validity. The significance level was set at p  < .05. RESULTS: The results of the CFA showed that factor structure of predicted subscale fitted well the data (x2/df = 3,07;CFI = 0,91,IFI = 0,91 TLI = 0,87,RMSEA = 0,10). The results of the CFA indicated that factor structure of ideal subscale fitted well with the data (x2/df = 2,38;CFI = 0,92,IFI = 0,93,TLI = 0,90,RMSEA = 0,08). Both subscales of the TEC were strongly correlated. The predicted subscale had moderate relationships to depression, anxiety, and positivity (r  = -0.37 to r  = 0.55) but poor correlations with measures of acceptance, perceived benefits and helplessness (r  = -0.24 to 0.35). The ideal subscale had moderate correlations with measures of positivity (r  = 0.36) and depression (r  = -0.38) but poor correlations with measures of acceptance, perceived benefits helplessness and anxiety (r  = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the TEC scale is acceptable, valid, and reliable for use in Turkish patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in physiotherapy outpatient practice. Show more

Keywords: Chronic pain, pain management, pain assessments, validity and reliability, expectations, beliefs

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240134

Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024