International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Lakshmi, C.R. | Kannadassan, Dhanaraj

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper reports the demonstration of design and implementation of narrow band band-stop filters using slotted ground resonators. Using coupled-mode resonator theory, the systematic implementation of BSFs are performed to achieve narrow stopband (<25% FBW) with desired stopband isolation. By exchanging the band-pass transfer function polynomials, the BSF design has become straight-forward with these band-stop resonators. Designed and optimized BSFs are fabricated, characterized and analysed as a detailed report. Slotted ground resonators yield compact and scalable BSFs which are potential alternatives for the development of future microwave systems.

Keywords: Slotted ground resonators (SGR), band stop filters (BSF), fractional bandwidth (FBW), coupled resonators

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210019

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2021

Authors: Park, Sohyun | Lee, Jaejoon | Lee, Jaewook

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a multi-material topology optimization for the design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Specifically, structural shapes of permanent magnet (PM) and iron core in a PMSM rotor are simultaneously designed together with the orientation of PM magnetization. For a co-design of PM and iron core, relative permeability and residual magnetic flux density are interpolated by the three-field density approach based on the Helmholtz filtering and regularized Heaviside step function. Here, the Helmholtz filtering aims to attain smooth border in design results, and the Heaviside function enables us to acquire a clear border (i.e. zero-one design) without intermediate …densities. The optimization goal is set as maximizing the average torque of PMSMs. The average torque is calculated by Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method considering a maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-material topology optimization approach, a PMSM rotor with 4 poles and 12 slots is designed. In addition, design results at various settings of input current amplitude and PM strength are compared and discussed. When the input current is stronger than the PM strength, rotor PM and iron core are designed for utilizing both PM and reluctance torque components like V-shape interior PMSMs. On the other hand, in the case of stronger PM strength, PM is designed near the air-gap, which utilizes only PM torque component like surface PMSMs. Show more

Keywords: Topology optimization, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), permanent magnets (PMs), iron, finite element methods

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210062

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2021

Authors: Hu, Guoliang | Qi, Haonan | Chen, Miao | Yu, Lifan | Li, Gang | Zheng, Han

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a magnetorheological (MR) damper with multiple axial fluid flow channels is developed to solve the conflicts between limitation of size dimension and improvement of damping performance. By setting symmetrical excitation coils at both ends of the MR damper, the effective fluid flow channels of the proposed MR damper are significantly lengthened. In order to investigate the distributions of magnetic flux lines and magnetic flux density of the MR damper, the finite element model of the MR damper is established by using ANSYS software. Moreover, an optimization method combining BP neural network and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is …proposed to improve the magnetic field utilization of the designed damper, and the damping performances of initial and optimal MR dampers are also experimentally tested. The test results show that the output damping force of initial and optimal MR dampers is 3.13 kN and 5.98 kN respectively under the applied current of 1.8 A, increasing by 91.1%, and the dynamic adjustable range is 11.5 and 16.1 respectively, increasing by 40.0%. It is found that the damping performance of the proposed MR damper is significantly improved. Show more

Keywords: MR damper, multiple axial fluid flow channels, optimal design, BP neural network, particle swarm optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210089

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2021

Authors: Huangfu, Youpeng | Wang, Shuhong | Yin, Shuli

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a quantitative prediction model of conducted electromagnetic emissions (EME) for a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor system based on the macro-modeling approach. This model relies on the effective representations of the frequency dependent characteristics of the parasitic behaviors between converter arms and heatsink, of shielded power cable, and of motor windings. The frequency dependent performances between converter arms and heatsink, and of the motor windings are obtained by processing measurement data. Then the vector fitting method (VFM) with passivity enforcement and circuit synthesis method are adopted to obtain the corresponding equivalent circuits. The equivalent circuit implementation of …shielded power cable is achieved by applying a node-to-node admittance functions (NAFs) model, which considers the propagation phenomenon and frequency dependent losses accurately. The conducted EME model is compatible with commonly used transient circuit solvers since it only includes constant circuit elements. The conducted emissions of the VFD system are then evaluated by analyzing the common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) voltages and currents. Show more

Keywords: Conducted emissions, frequency dependent, macro-modeling, variable frequency drive

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210036

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2021

Authors: Li, Changyun | Yu, Yongjin | Kong, Xu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the mechanical properties of nano-silica modified insulating paper under the combined action of mechanical vibration and temperature conditions are studied. Unmodified and nano-silica modified cellulose insulating paper with 2 wt% and 4 wt% were prepared, respectively, and a series of mechanical-thermal synergy experiments were carried out. With the same mechanical stress and temperature, and with the same aging duration of 144 h (6d), the tensile strength of modified insulating paper with 4 wt% nano-silica, increased 9.9 N and 5.5 N, respectively, compared with those of the unmodified and the 2 wt% nano-silica modified insulating paper. The experiments indicate that the nano-silica modification can effectively …improve the mechanical properties of insulating paper. In this work, the modified mechanism of nano-silica is analyzed from the interface effect of modified polymer and the quantum effect of the modified polymer interface two aspects. It is shown that the interface formed in the modified insulating paper can transfer the mechanical stress acted on the insulating paper and prevent the cracks formed in the aging process of the test sample from further expansion, while the quantum effect discretizes the electron energy level, which can restrict the motion of the molecular chain segment to some extent. The conclusion can be used for reference to improve the performance of insulating paper. Show more

Keywords: Degree of polymerization (DP), mechanical-thermal synergy, nano-silica particle, tensile strength (TS)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210027

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2021

Authors: Wang, Tingting | Xu, Lizhong | Xing, Jichun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the structural design and driving mechanism of a non-contact piezoelectric motor modulated by electromagnetic force are introduced. The equations of the electromagnetic force and torque of the electromagnetic modulation mechanism for the motor are deduced. Based on the piezoelectric constitutive equation and torque balance equations of the driving system, the equation of the piezoelectric driving torque is also obtained. Using these equations, the influences of the related parameters on the relationship between electromagnetic torque and angle difference between pole and rotor are studied. The influences of the main parameters and signal frequency on piezoelectric driving torques are …analyzed. Based on them, the torque optimization of the motor is completed and the load-carrying ability of the motor is increased by about 50 times. A prototype of the motor is developed. Its output torque is tested and compared with calculated one which illustrates the theoretical model here. Show more

Keywords: Torque, piezoelectric motor, non-contact, modulated by electromagnetic force

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210043

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2021

Authors: Wang, Liping | Chen, Renwen | Zhang, Yuxiang | Liu, Chuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The response charge of piezoelectric speed sensors using a conventional rectangular cantilever is low, which also causes a low sensitivity in speed measurement. To improve the sensor sensitivity, a piezoelectric speed sensor based on a streamlined piezoelectric cantilever is employed in this paper. Furthermore, a theoretical optimization model of the sensor based on Bernstein polynomial equation is established, and a simulation optimization flow work is also proposed. With method of moving asymptotes (MMA) algorithm, more charge output can be obtained than before. The simulation results show that the optimized sensor can output a voltage of 416 mV and obtain a …sensitivity of 52 mV/m⋅s−1 when the input speed is 8 m/s. As compared with the values of 300 mV and 37.5 mV/m⋅s−1 in the un-optimized case, the improvement in the sensor sensitivity is up to 38%, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric, velocity sensor, sensitivity, cantilever

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201629

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2021

Authors: Hu, Xiao | Qiu, Yang | Xu, Qing-Lin | Tian, Jin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an efficient hybrid method consisting of Lorentz reciprocity theorem, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method, thin wire model, transmission line (TL) equations and transfer impedance model, which can be utilized to analyze the system-level transient responses of the microstrip antenna system with antenna, metallic enclosures, braided shielded cable, and lumped element, when illuminated by an external electromagnetic pulse (EMP). In order to avoid over-fine mesh generation and repeated modeling of the antenna in multiple simulations, Lorentz reciprocity theorem is employed to extract an equivalent source model of antenna coupling, thereby improving the computational efficiency. Then, the transfer impedance model and …thin wire model are incorporated into the FDTD-TL method efficiently to deal with the back-door coupling through the shielding layer of feeding coaxial cable. Finally, the hybrid FDTD method combined with the extracted equivalent source of antenna coupling is utilized to solve the coupling responses of the whole antenna system. The results of numerical simulation are verified by comparing with the simulation results of CST CS. Then, considering the influence of different incident conditions of external EMP, the characteristics of the coupling response of the system are analyzed. The obtained coupling response information demonstrate that the proposed method is available for further designing electromagnetic protection of the inner circuits of the microstrip antenna system against the impact of external EMP. Show more

Keywords: Lorentz reciprocity theorem, finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD), transmission line (TL) equations, equivalent source model, microstrip antenna system

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210014

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2021

Authors: Xiong, Qi | Song, Xianqi | Yang, Meng | Zhou, Lijun | Li, Zhe | Zhu, Xinhui | Zhi, Li

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic targeted drug delivery systems can improve drug utilization and reduce drug side effects. There are still many difficulties to be overcome in clinical practice. The main problems include providing large enough magnetic capture particles to concentrate drug-loaded magnetic micro-nanoparticles (MNPs) to the lesion site. The existing research focuses on the development of targeted carriers, and the magnet device has not formed a mature research system. Based on the recent development of magnet devices in recent years, this paper proposes the research direction of potential magnet devices. From the dynamic behavior of the particles under the magnetic field, the magnetic …system and the mathematical model design direction of the optimized magnet are developed. This article describes the obstacles encountered in drug targeting in the study of magnet devices and summarizes the potential development of future magnet devices. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic targeted drug delivery system, magnet device, targeted behavior

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210021

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2021

Authors: Sun, Xiaodong | Cai, Feng | Tian, Xiang | Wu, Minkai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs) have been gradually introduced into the applications of electric vehicles. On this basis, the six-phase motor has the characteristics of high reliability, high power density and low torque ripple. And its fault tolerance is a large advantage compared with the three-phase motor. The multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is redundant due to the number of phases. When the motor fails, it does not have to stop running, merely adjust its control mode and enter the fault-tolerant compensation control algorithm to resume the operation of the system. The FCS-MPC algorithm can replace the cascade structure …in the traditional control and eliminate the modulation module. This makes it have good steady-state performance. The speed response is also improved. It can be combined with multiple control objectives with strong flexibility by simply changing the objective function. The prediction model is compensated. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of this method. Show more

Keywords: Six-phase motor, model predictive control (MPC), fault-tolerant, permanent magnet synchronous hub motors (PMSHMs)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210033

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-24, 2021