International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Huang, Xuchen | Li, Yong | Ding, Keqiang | Shen, Yunde

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a high speed valve (HSV) actuator with low power consumption. The structure design of tapered armature and control method of double duty ratio pulse width modulation (PWM) is proposed in HSV actuator to improve steady and transient characteristics. The electric-magneto-mechanical model of the HSV actuator is established and investigated by theoretical analysis. Parameters improvement of the HSV actuator was analyzed by a simulation model, and optimized results for a prototype actuator have been obtained. The experimental and simulation curves agree well with the changing trend and show that the opening time of the HSV actuator is 7.3 ms, …the closing time is 20 ms, and power consumption in maintenance stage is 1.35 W, within the stroke of 2.5 mm. Compared to normal driving method, the proposed structure and method have advantage of opening time reduced by 37%, closing time reduced by 29%, and steady-state power consumption reduced by 93.5%. The application of proposed structure and method in the HSV actuator is available to meet the driving requirements of both steady and transient performance in fluid control systems better, especially in power shortage or power supply inconvenient engineering. Show more

Keywords: High speed valve, double duty ratio, pulse width modulation, low power consumption

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210108

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2022

Authors: Zhou, Yongqin | Huang, Jianxin | Zhou, Lei | Tian, Hongbo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To solve the complex calculation in the reliability evaluation of the motor system with the Markov model, this study developed a reliability evaluation method based on the hidden Markov model (HMM). Next, the developed method was employed in a type of permanent magnet hybrid segmented flux-switching machine (PMFSM). By analyzing and simplifying the components of the PMFSM system, the reliability measurement standard and the failure modes of the respective component were examined, and the relationships between the failure modes of each component and the system parameters were built. The optimal parameter observation sequence was determined by calculating the Minkowski distance, …and the HMM was iteratively calculated by using the Baum–Welch algorithm. Moreover, the state transition probability matrix of the system was built, and the system reliability was evaluated. As revealed from the calculation results, the reliability of the PMFSM system is significantly higher than that of the conventional structure at the same time, and the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the PMFSM system is 14.8% higher than that of the conventional structure. Compared with the conventional evaluation method based on the Markov model, the two methods have similar reliability results for conventional and novel PMFSM systems, and the variation trend is the same. It shows that the proposed reliability evaluation method is feasible and effective, and the calculation is simple. The work in this study provides a basis for the design of the novel PMFSM system, and a practical engineering method to efficiently evaluate the reliability of other motor systems. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet flux-switching machine (PMFSM), reliability evaluation, hidden Markov model, Baum–Welch algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210119

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-23, 2022

Authors: Sun, Dong | Di, Chong | Bao, Xiaohua | Li, Shihao | Zhu, Qinglong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Skewed slots are widely used in many industrial applications because they can effectively reduce electromagnetic vibration and noise. In order to eliminate axial electromagnetic force in ordinary skewed slots rotor, a double skewed slot was proposed, which can useful reduce axial electromagnetic force and is superior to traditional skewed slots on reducing the electromagnetic vibration and noise. However, it still suffers from the problem of the difficult manufacturing process in large-sized submersible motors. In this paper, a radial skewed slot to reduce the electromagnetic vibration and noise is proposed, which has the advantages of a simple manufacturing process and obvious …effect about reducing noise. Large-sized submersible motors are noisier than ordinary motors but lack effective means to reduce electromagnetic vibration and noise. So this paper adopts 2-D FFT and multi-physics coupling analysis method to analyze and compare the performances of the straight slot and the radial skewed slot in large-sized submersible motors. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic force, noise, radial skewed slot, vibration

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220016

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2022

Authors: Feng, Wei | Zhang, Kun | Liu, Zongyao | Liu, Baoguo | Zhang, Huijuan | Mei, Junwei | Wu, Luji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) is one of the main vibration sources of the motorized spindle. A calculation model of UMP in a synchronous motorized spindle considering the magneto-thermal coupling is proposed in this paper. The finite element analysis models of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field of a motorized spindle are first established. Then a two-way coupling analysis method considering the effect of temperature variations on electromagnetic material properties of the motor is proposed. An experiment is conducted to verify the efficiency of this method. The thermal deformations of the spindle are calculated and used to analyze the …air-gap variations between rotor and stator of the built-in motor. The 3D finite element electromagnetic model is adopted to calculate the UMP in the motorized spindle. The analysis results show that the eccentricity caused by thermal deformation can generate large UMP in the motorized spindle. Show more

Keywords: Unbalanced magnetic pull, synchronous motorized spindle, magneto-thermal coupling, air gap length, thermal deformation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220034

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2022

Authors: Kang, Mei | Zhu, Shengdao | Sun, Yuhua | Zhou, Yunhan | Ji, Jinghua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a triple three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with shaped magnets for low vibration applications. Firstly, the features of the designed PMSM are investigated from three aspects, including triple three-phase windings, shaped magnets, and multi-layered housing. Then, the armature reaction, magnetomotive force, torque performance, and fault tolerance ability of the designed PMSM are investigated. Subsequently, the radial force of the designed PMSM with shaped magnets is studied, in which the radial force modulation effect is considered. In addition, the radial force and vibration reduction principle is elaborated in detail. The modal simulation and experiment are carried out, …and the vibration reduction effect of the designed PMSM is verified by the multiphysics vibration predicted model. The result shows that the vibration can be effectively reduced by the shaped magnets and multi-layered housing design, and the output torque of the designed PMSM has been reduced insignificantly thanks to the triple three-phase windings. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), triple three-phase, shaped magnets design, radial force, vibration reduction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210221

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2022

Authors: Hu, Kun | Jiang, Hao | Wang, Shuang | Li, Fei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper addresses the balancing of global and local searches in the recently proposed AO (Aquila Optimizer) algorithm. The original random algorithm is modified using normal-distribution parameters, and an adaptive function represented by a Weibull function is added to the motion law of the predator. Sixteen benchmark functions are used to test the improved algorithm against several recently developed algorithms. The results show that the accuracy and convergence speed of the modified algorithm are improved while the advantages of the original algorithm are retained. In solving the problems of a complex calculation and limited solution in the design of a …hybrid electromagnetic structure based on a Halbach array, a prediction model based on the improved algorithm and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is designed for improved prediction accuracy of the GRNN. Thirty groups of data are obtained using Ansoft, and the prediction accuracy of the improved GRNN is verified using the data. The mean squared error (MSE) of normalized prediction results reaches 0.1404. The improved prediction model has the prediction error less than 10% and its performance is better than the RBF and the KCV-GRNN. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210206

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-24, 2022

Authors: Chen, Long | Wang, Siqi | Yuan, Fang | Li, Decai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A multi-frequency planar electromagnetic generator is proposed to harvest energy from low-frequency vibrations efficiently in a wide frequency range. The vibration energy harvester is composed of two single-degree-of-freedom resonant systems with different natural frequencies. Two permanent magnets are used as single-degree-of-freedom spring mass to respond to external vibrations, and controlled by another permanent magnet with magnetic attraction. In addition, ferrofluid adsorbed on the poles of two moving permanent magnets can reduce the damping significantly to improve the utilization of low-frequency micro vibrations. Experiments show that, during human walking and jogging, the fabricated generator can obtain 1.3718mW and 1.4227mW output power, …respectively. Show more

Keywords: Ferrofluid, electromagnetic energy harvester, multi-frequency

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210151

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2022

Authors: Zhang, Lihui | Xia, Yongming | Ma, Jien | Zheng, Jun | Yan, Wenjun | Fang, Youtong | Lu, Qinfen | Gong, Zhe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The subcutaneous implant, which can realize on-demand drug release, is used for the treatments of some chronic diseases such as chronic pain, diabetes, and osteoporosis. This paper proposes a new type of wireless actuator for potential use in active implantable drug delivery systems. The proposed structure suits both wireless power well, which requires far-field flux traveling and receiving, and actuator design, which should take advantage of strong local magnetic fields. The mover in the actuator generates mechanical movement when power is transferred wirelessly to the actuator, and the mover restores to its original position when the wireless power stops. The …maximum oscillation amplitude of the mover can be achieved when the ON and OFF frequency of the wireless power transfer is equal to the mechanical resonant frequency of the mover. Experimental results on a prototype actuator with 20 mm in diameter and 10.3 mm in thickness are given for validating the proposed new idea. Show more

Keywords: Actuator, implant, magnetic resonance coupling, on-demand drug release, wireless power transfer, wireless actuator, wireless reluctance actuator

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-210079

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2022

Authors: Zhang, Wendong | Pang, Liang | Yang, Qingliang | Qin, Haihong | Zhao, Chaohui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the cogging torque of tangential magnetizing parallel structure hybrid excitation synchronous motor (TMPS-HESM) rises sharply when the excitation current increases. Maxwell & Workbench & optiSLong co-simulation tool was used for research. Firstly, the length and width of the permanent-magnet, rotor eccentricity, and stator parameters are parameterized. The multi-objective optimization is carried out by using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Secondly, through sensitivity analysis, the influence degree of different input parameters on cogging torque, average torque and torque pulsation is discussed. Then, the quadratic regression model of high sensitivity parameters and cogging torque, average torque …and torque pulsation is established respectively. Finally, entropy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to select the optimal solution from pareto solution set. The results show that the cogging torque and torque ripple of the optimized motor are suppressed obviously, and the average torque is also improved. Show more

Keywords: Tangential focus type, hybrid excitation, cogging torque, PSO, entropy TOPSIS method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220078

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2022

Authors: Yang, YiFei | Zhang, GuoXin | Wang, Fang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A bearingless switched motor with permanent magnets in the stator yoke (BSRM-PMSY) with two sets of windings on each stator tooth pole is studied. The current in one set of windings mainly controls the motor torque, and rotor suspension can be realised by adjusting the current in the other set of windings. Each stator module unit of the motor is composed of a permanent magnet and two U-shaped iron cores. Finally, a BSRM-PMSY finite element simulation model is established to explore the static characteristics of the motor, including magnetic field distribution, permanent magnet flux linkage and harmonic analysis, back electromotive …force (EMF) and harmonic analysis, suspension performance, and so on. The analysis of the simulated results lays a foundation for the establishment of a BSRM-PMSY mathematical model and control system. Show more

Keywords: Bearingless motor, magnetic suspension, finite element analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220056

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2022