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Price: EUR 250.00Authors: Rajak, Binod | Reddy, K. Vidyullatha | Singh, Punam | Kumar, Vimal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress is a pivotal aspect of organizational psychology. Although an individual’s attitude and behaviour at work have received greater investigation, scant attention has been given to family-related dynamics and their impact on work. OBJECTIVE: This study contributes to understanding work-family dynamics by investigating the connection between family incivility and job dissatisfaction during the pandemic. Based on the conservation of resources theory, the research explores the potential moderating role of perceived organizational support. METHODS: The investigation uses structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis while controlling for age, gender, and experience. Data has been collected with …an adapted scale and time-lag technique in which the first wave encompassed independent variables and demographics. The second wave gathered moderator and dependent variables through a non-probability sampling of IT employees. RESULTS: Findings reveal a significant positive link between family incivility and job dissatisfaction, implying higher family incivility is linked to increased job dissatisfaction. Moreover, the study indicates that organizational support can mitigate the negative impact of family incivility on job dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION: This research underscores the pivotal role of organizational support in enhancing employee job outcomes. Hence, organizations should prioritize employee well-being, recognizing it as an integral aspect of their functioning. Show more
Keywords: Family incivility, job dissatisfaction, perceived organisational support, moderation, and time-lag methods
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220690
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Gunnarsson, A. Birgitta | Jansson, Jan-Åke | Eklund, Mona
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unemployment is high not only among people with mental illness, but also among young adults in general. The combination of having a severe mental illness and being young entails a particularly problematic situation for young people with psychosis. This study aimed to understand how this group envision their future possibilities for entering the labour market or engaging in other productive activities. OBJECTIVE: To explore how young adults with psychosis perceive their possibilities, wishes and support needs for gaining employment or engaging in other productive activities. METHODS: A descriptive design with qualitative individual in-depth interviews was …used. Eighteen young adults with psychosis, aged 18–30 years, were interviewed. Data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Four categories based on the experiences of the participants as being vital for having work or other productive activities were generated: “Wishing for a role in the community”, “Being my own coach”, “Needing personal support” and “Having a supportive workplace”. Each of them included sub-categories. CONCLUSION: The young adults with psychosis were a long way from having paid work, but they desired to have a worker role in the community. They are a heterogeneous group, which entails that it is important that professionals and employers have a person-centered and holistic approach, listening to the individuals themselves. Show more
Keywords: Activity, employment, interviews, mental health, occupations, qualitative research, work
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230311
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Mucheru, Doreen | Kroll, Thilo | Paul, Gillian | Fahy, Majella | Dowling-Hetherington, Linda | Moloney, Breda | Dunne, Nikki | Jalal, Reuel | Fealy, Gerard | Lafferty, Attracta
Article Type: Letter
Keywords: Employment, informal or unpaid carers, caregivers, work-life balance, health; mental health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220665
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-5, 2023
Authors: Deng, Kai-Qin | Chen, Xin-Yuan | Yuan, Xian-Ming | Ren, Yan-Rui | Luo, Zhong-Mei | Li, Gang-Ying | Deng, Xia-Kang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, more attention has been given to the psychological state of doctors than to that of nurses although the workload, working hours, and patient contact time are generally higher for nurses than doctors. The current status of nurses’ perceived stress, work engagement, and perceived professional benefit during the routine management of the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic and how their perceived stress affects the other two variables are topics that merit research attention. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the status of nurses’ perceived stress, work engagement, and perceived professional benefit during the routine …management of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic was investigated to explore whether their perceived stress level has any effect on the other two variables. METHODS: The convenience sampling method was adopted, and 669 nurses from the First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou were selected to participate in this study. Questionnaires on perceived stress, work engagement, and perceived professional benefit were used in the survey, and the data were processed using the SPSS 20.0 program for the descriptive statistics, independent sample t -test, analysis of variance. RESULTS: The total score of the nurses’ perceived stress was 18.58±4.37 points. The total scores of their work engagement (43.32±14.01) and perceived professional benefit (140.23±17.75). CONCLUSION: The nurses’ total perceived stress score was at an upper-middle level, and their total work engagement and perceived professional benefit scores were relatively high. Overall, perceived stress has a negative effect on nurses’ work engagement and perceived professional benefit. That is, the higher the pressure perception of nurses, the lower the degree of work engagement and perceived professional benefit. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, perceived stress, work engagement, perceived professional benefit in nurse
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220498
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2023
Authors: Hidaka, Tomoo | Kakamu, Takeyasu | Endo, Shota | Masuishi, Yusuke | Kasuga, Hideaki | Hata, Akiko | Miura, Rieko | Funayama, Youko | Tajimi, Kimitaka | Fukushima, Tetsuhito
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal exercise combination for improving sleep quality among sedentary workers is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To reveal what combination of exercises contributes to good sleep quality. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 5,201 sedentary workers who underwent health examinations in 2019. Data on sleep quality, basic attributes, energy expenditure, and lifestyle aspects such as exercise and physical activity, supper time close to bedtime, and alcohol intake were obtained. The subjects reported their exercise habits by selecting up to three forms of exercise from a list of 182 options, which were classified into …three types: endurance (e.g., jogging), muscle strength (e.g., bench pressing), and balanced types which combined both endurance and muscle strength characteristics. (e.g., walking). These forms were then categorized into eight combination patterns: endurance only; muscle strength only; balanced only; endurance and muscle strength; endurance and balanced; muscle strength and balanced; all types; and absence of any exercise habits. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the exercise combination patterns and sleep quality. RESULTS: Good sleep quality was significantly associated with “endurance” (OR = 1.419; 95% CI 1.110–1.814), “balanced only” (OR = 1.474; 95% CI 1.248–1.741), and “endurance and balance” (OR = 1.782; 95% CI 1.085–2.926) exercise patterns. No significant associations were found between the combinations that included muscle strength exercises and sleep quality. CONCLUSION: The endurance or balanced-type exercises, or a combination of both, may help to improve the sleep quality of sedentary workers as part of occupational health management. Show more
Keywords: Sedentary behavior, sleep, sleep quality, exercise, occupational health, work, physical endurance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230299
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Yildirim, Umut | Nart, Senem | Akar, Sevda | Sarialioğlu, Songül | Toygar, Arda | Vardar, Burak | Kaya, Sultan Çoşkun | Sari, Mustafa
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women’s physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified …within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry. Show more
Keywords: Women’s rights, workplace condition, mental health, qualitative research, gender inequity, workplace stress, gender-based violence
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230391
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Tank, Nitishkumar D. | Rupani, Mihir P. | Shah, Rakshit B. | Shah, Immad A. | Dhatrak, Sarang V.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mine workers face various health risks from occupational hazards, notably dust-related pulmonary dysfunction. This dysfunction is also attributed to diverse risk factors and health conditions. Despite the variety of underlying mechanisms, conflicting evidence persists regarding hypertension as a potential risk factor for such dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of pulmonary dysfunction vis-à-vis the hypertension status of mine workers. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 444 mine workers from ten open-cast mines in Gujarat state (western part of India) from November 2020 to February 2022. We collected data on demographics, occupation, addiction, and comorbidities, …including measurements like anthropometry, blood pressure, blood sugar, haemoglobin, and lipid levels. Hypertension was confirmed based on self-reported history and/or onsite blood pressure measurement, while pulmonary functions were assessed using a spirometer (expressed as forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 and forced vital capacity FVC). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictor of FEV1 or FVC vis-à-vis the hypertension status after adjusting for confounding variables. In addition, we assessed the effect of anti-hypertensive medications on pulmonary dysfunction. RESULTS: A total of 41% (95% CI: 36-45%) of mine workers were suffering from hypertension. On multiple linear regression, only being a male and work experience duration were the significant predictors of FEV1 [0.900 (0.475-1.092), p =<0.001; -0.029 (-0.034 - -0.021, p =<0.001] and FVC [1.088 (0.771-1.404), p =<0.001; -0.031 (-0.038 - -0.024, p = 0.001] respectively. While unadjusted analysis indicated hypertension led to FEV1 and FVC reduction, this effect lost significance after adjusting for confounders. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis revealed those on antihypertensive medications had reductions in FEV1 and FVC by -0.263 (95% CI: -0.449 - -0.078, p = 0.006) L and -0.271 (95% CI: -0.476 - -0.067, p = 0.009) L respectively. CONCLUSION: In our study among mine workers, alterations in lung function (FEV1 and FVC) on spirometry were predicted by gender and duration of work experience, while hypertension did not serve as a predictor. It is noteworthy that antihypertensive drugs were found to reduce lung functions on spirometry, highlighting the need for further research. Show more
Keywords: Blood pressure, spirometry, antihypertensive agents, cross-sectional studies, miners, India
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220678
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Malin, Maarit | Luukkonen, Ritva | Majuri, Minna | Lamminpää, Anne | Reijula, Kari
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoting health is an important part of occupational health (OH) professionals’ daily practice. Occupational health services (OHS) support work ability and prevent both work-related diseases and lifestyle-related illnesses. OBJECTIVE: We focused on how interprofessional collaboration (IPC), regardless of whether the OHS provider is public, private or in-house, influences the implementation of smoking cessation treatment and support (SCTS). We studied IPC of OH professionals in SCTS and whether they differ depending on OHS providers. METHODS: We collected data through an online survey of a cross-sectional sample of OH professionals of physicians (n = 182), nurses (n = 296) …and physiotherapists (n = 96) at two different time-points, in 2013 and 2017. The questionnaire contained questions on interprofessional SCTS practices, so that we could assess how the professionals’ experiences differed from each other. We used explanatory factor analysis to study the collaboration, and the Kruskall–Wallis test to detect the differences between the OH professional groups as a post-hoc data analysis. Background: OH physicians (mean 3.4, SD 1.2) and OH nurses (mean 3.2, SD 1.1) experienced smooth collaboration in SCTS whereas OH physiotherapists (mean 2.5, SD 1.1) felt excluded from IPC. In-house OH centres (mean 3.5, SD 1.0) seemed to offer the best opportunities for implementing IPC in SCTS comparing to public (mean 3.1, SD 0.9) or private (mean 2.9, SD 0.9) OHS. CONCLUSION: The IPC of OH professionals in SCTS interventions need to be rearranged. This requires boundary-crossing SCTS practices involving all professionals. All OH professionals should implement IPC in SCTS and share their specific competence. Show more
Keywords: Smoking cessation, occupational health, interprofessional collaboration (IPC), prevention, lifestyle diseases
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230139
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Nordenmark, Mikael | Vinberg, Stig
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed many employees away from their offices into their homes. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in early spring 2020, most countries recommended or required that employees work remotely from home to reduce the spread of infection at workplaces and during travel to and from these workplaces. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between working from home, work/life conflict and mental wellbeing in Europe during the pandemic. METHODS: The study was based on a large-scale, online survey that was conducted during the COVID-19 …pandemic three times, in 2020, 2021 and 2022, in 27 EU countries, and included 53 214 respondents that were employed at the time of the study. RESULTS: The results showed that working from home, work-to-life conflict and life-to-work conflict has increased and that mental wellbeing has decreased during the pandemic. Our regression analyses showed that the number of hours worked from home was negatively associated with work-to-life conflict and positively associated with life-to-work conflict. These results indicate that working from home can have both positive and negative consequences for employees’ work/life conflict. The regression results showed that hours worked from home, work-to-life conflict and life-to-work conflict were negatively associated with mental wellbeing. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider different work situations for different working life groupings when implementing work-from-home measures. Organizations must consider how work is supervised and help managers understand how to support employees to achieve work-life balance when working remotely. Show more
Keywords: Health, quantitative study, remote working, work environment, work-to-life conflict, life-to-work conflict
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230271
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Ghahremani, Leila | Khademi, Khadijeh | Nazari, Mahin | Kaveh, Mohammad Hossein | Abbasi, Fariba
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the significant causes of disabilities and occupational injuries all over the world and can reduce the quality of life and job satisfaction. These disorders prevail among the office workers of the Iranian Oil Company, though research on the involved factors is limited. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the incidence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with job satisfaction among the office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. METHODS: The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 210 male office workers of the Iranian Oil …Company. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the rate of job satisfaction were measured by Nordic Musculoskeletal and Minnesota job Satisfaction Questionnaires, respectively. The relationship between the variables was analyzed by the SPSS 28 software. RESULTS: The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders among office workers in the past 12 months were associated with the neck, waist, and knee organs, with 45.70, 41, and 38.10 percentages. Smoking, second jobs, and physical injury histories were identified as three risk factors connected to musculoskeletal disorders (p < 0.05). Forty-one percent of the participants were moderately satisfied with their jobs, and this number was significantly related to musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulders, elbows, back, waist, and knees (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that second jobs, smoking, and physical injury histories are three risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. Thus, it is imperative to identify at-risk office workers and train and encourage them to take preventive actions and employ ergonomic job equipment. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, job satisfaction, nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230120
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Zand, Sepideh | Motlagh, Masoud Shafiee | Golmohammadi, Rostam | Aliabadi, Mohsen | Tapak, Leili | Babamiri, Mohammad
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Using medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) may limit heat exchange, resulting in physiological challenges. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the physiological and neurophysiological responses of female HCWs when using two typical medical gowns at different temperatures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Twenty healthy female HCWs participated in this study. Participants wore two types of medical gowns: Spunbond gown (SG) and laminate gown (LG). They walked on a treadmill in a controlled climate chamber for 30 minutes at three different temperatures (24, 28, and 32°C). Heart …rate (HR), skin surface temperature (ST), clothing surface temperature (CT), ear temperature (ET), blood oxygen percentage (SaO2), galvanic skin response (GSR), and blood pressure were measured before and after walking on a treadmill. The study’s results were analyzed using SPSS26. RESULTS: The study found that LG led to an average increase of 0.575°C in CT compared to SG at the same temperatures (P < 0.03). The average HR increased by 6.5 bpm in LG at 28°C compared to SG at a comfortable temperature (P = 0.01). The average ET in SG and GSR in LG at 32°C increased by 0.39°C and 0.25μS, respectively, compared to the comfortable temperature (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION The study recommends maintaining a comfortable temperature range in hospitals to prevent physiological challenges among HCWs wearing medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19. This is important because using LG, compared to SG, at high temperatures can increase HR, ET, CT, and GSR. Show more
Keywords: Heat stress, strain, comfort, health personnel, personal protective equipment, hospitals
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230360
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Martin, Joel | Toczko, Michael | Sax van der Weyden, Megan | Lockie, Robert
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the physical nature of the occupation many firefighters have low levels of physical fitness which is associated with poor performance of occupational tasks and increased injury rates. For many fire departments an initial step in promoting health and wellness within the department is to conduct annual fitness testing. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of implementing a consequential fitness assessment within a fire department. METHODS: A retrospective repeated measures design was used to analyze annual fitness assessment data of professional firefighters (n = 1415) from 2019 to 2022 within a large urban fire department located in …the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The fitness tests included assessments of pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, aerobic capacity, and body composition. Repeated measure analyses of variances (ANOVAs) assessed the effect of year and a 2-way ANOVA was conducted to investigate the effects of sex and age on fitness measures on 2022 data. RESULTS: All fitness measures were found to be maintained over the 4-year period. Significant main effects of age and sex across all fitness measures, but no significant interactions were found. Older firefighters (50 + years) exhibited lower performance (p < 0.001, d > 0.80) on muscular fitness assessments than young firefighters (20–29 years). A large effect of sex (males > females) was found for pull-ups (d = 1.04), push-ups (d = 1.23), and aerobic capacity (d = 1.38). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that implementing a consequential fitness assessment could help maintain firefighters’ fitness levels over a multi-year period. Show more
Keywords: Firefighters, exercise, health, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, body composition
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230378
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Louzán, Rita | Villarroya López, Alberto
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-reported test is one of the main psychosocial risk assessment tools. However, this test it is susceptible to certain sources of error, including social desirability. Since psychosocial risks are emerging, there are not many studies on their assessment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of social desirability on the short version of the CopSoq-ISTAS 21 assessment tool. METHOD: A total of 563 workers (45.10% women and 54.90% men) participated in this study. The short version of the CoPsoQ-Istas21 questionnaire with four Likert scale questions as markers, which …correspond to the Eysenck Personality Lie Scale Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-r), were used. The sample was divided into two halves, and both a confirmatory analysis and an exploratory analysis were carried out to find out the factorial structure of the scale and, with it, apply the bias filtering method. RESULTS: The results indicate that 10% of the scale is biased due to social desirability, and that there are significant differences between the group with bias clean scores and the group with scores without bias control. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of social desirability on the scale are verified, so it is concluded that in a psychosocial risk assessment is not enough to apply a self-report test and interpret its results, being necessary to minimize the sources of error. Show more
Keywords: Risk assessment methodologies, occupational risk, occupational stress, social desirability, bias, reproducibility of results
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230184
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Emerick, Giselly Storch | Zandonade, Eliana | Prado, Camila Bruneli do | Pires, Luciana Bicalho Cevolani | Bezerra, Ol&ıvia Maria de Paula Alves | Salaroli, Luciane Bresciani
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a reflection of the health emergency caused by COVID-19, many countries adopted guidelines, which included activity restrictions. As a result, some companies maintained their activities with on-site work and telework. OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the morbidity and mortality profile due to COVID-19 of workers in telework and on-site work in an oil and gas company. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative, and analytical study that included 8,394 workers diagnosed with COVID-19 at an oil and gas company in Brazil, from June 2020 to June 2021. The company’s Surveillance Program database was used as an information source. …RESULTS: The total prevalence of cases was 21.7% . For teleworking and face-to-face workers, they were 20.7% and 23.3%, respectively. There was a predominance of women (19.7%), white ethnicity/colour (64.7%), higher level position (52.6%), age group over 40 years (36.7%), married (53, 8%), working at the company for a period that ranges from 7 to 10 years (17%), administrative activity (68.5%), and a higher number of symptomatic workers and deaths in telework compared to on-site work. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that testing is important to refrain the virus spread in the company’s work environments, as it allowed asymptomatic workers to be diagnosed with COVID-19. The study suggested that on-site work was not a transmission facilitator in the occupational environment, which points out the importance of preventive measures in the workplace and the adoption of remote work for the largest possible number of workers to improve the safety of employees, workers who remained in the on-site work modality. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, occupational groups, oil and gas industry, teleworking, workplace, occupational health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230114
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Audet, Jessika | Lecours, Alexandra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering current labour shortages, the recent increase in the number of aging workers in the labour market is deemed economically beneficial. However, due to specific characteristics (e.g. biological, generational), aging workers take longer to recover and return to work after an occupational injury. Yet, few studies have examined the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work process of aging workers and current knowledge makes it difficult for stakeholders to identify which interventions to use with this specific population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe which interventions are used in the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work …process of aging workers having suffered an occupational injury. METHODS: We conducted a five-step scoping review. Five databases were used for the literature search. A qualitative analysis of the retained manuscripts was conducted. RESULTS: Our analysis led to the extraction of information from seven manuscripts that concern the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work process of aging workers who suffered an occupational injury exclusively. We identified 19 interventions (e.g. work capacity development, work task modifications, permanent part-time work, and alternative roles) and were described according to the different phases of the Cycle of Work Disability Prevention (CWDP). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers informative, non-prescriptive, and operational interventions useful for stakeholders who support aging workers. Furthermore, it is a knowledge base to develop future projects that promote the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work process of aging workers. Show more
Keywords: Older worker, occupational injury, occupational rehabilitation, intervention, return-to-work, stay-at-work, scoping review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230509
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Cropley, Mark | Da Silva, Isabella N. | Rydstedt, Leif W. | Olsson, Maria I.T.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent research indicates that as men age, their tendency to ruminate about work decreases, while ruminating remains high in women, which poses an increased risk for impaired health among older women. OBJECTIVE: This study explored gender differences/similarities in the process of unwinding from work in men and women aged between 56–65 years. METHODS: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted online with eight men and eight women, recruited from a UK leading organization that provides health care solutions between May and June 2022. Participants were asked about their job role and responsibilities, their leisure …time activities, how they unwind post work, and their experiences of thinking about work related thoughts outside of work. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive analysis. RESULTS: Three superordinate themes were identified that underpinned their ability to unwind: ‘Work style’, ‘Creating work-life balance’ and ‘Switching off from one’s responsibilities’. Women reported a more perfectionist approach, they set high standards for themselves, were worried about making mistakes, and demonstrated, if in a supervisory role, a more nurturing and holistic approach to their colleagues/subordinates, while men, were more focused on task completion. Most women, but not men, also described difficulties in psychologically switching off from work, and stated they could only truly relax outside the home, when they are away from household activities. CONCLUSION: The study provides nuanced insights into the experiences of unwinding from work, and the findings suggest the need for person-centric approaches in developing interventions to help workers over 56 years to psychologically disengage from work. Show more
Keywords: Age, gender, work, work-related rumination, affective rumination, problem-solving pondering, leisure activities
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230406
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Fortin-Bédard, Noémie | Bouchard, David | Ladry, Naomie-Jade | Lettre, Josiane | Normand, Boucher | Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon | Lecours, Alexandra | Perreault, Kadija | Annie, LeBlanc | Routhier, FranÇcois | Lamontagne, Marie-Eve
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, protection and isolation measures established by the Canadian and Quebec governments have directly affected the work of health and social professionals (HSPs). These measures have added pressure on HSPs, complexified their work and added tasks to their already busy workload. However, few studies have explored in depth the impacts of the pandemic on HSPs working with people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of HSPs working among people with disabilities in the province of Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic …(January and February 2021), including the impact on their work, the relationships with their colleagues, and on their immediate social and familial environment. METHODS: HSPs participated in a semi-structured interview. A mixed thematic analysis approach, combining inductive and deductive coding, was carried out using N’Vivo 12. RESULTS: Fifty-five HSPs participated in the interviews (mean [SD] age, 42 [9 ]). They mostly identified as women (91% ). Three main themes representing the impacts of the pandemic were identified, including 1) Health and Well-being; 2) Family and social networks including the subthemes; 2.1) Fear of being a vector of contamination for their loved ones; 2.2) Work-family balance; 2.3) Social Network, and finally 3) Work, highlighting, including 3.1) Workload and adaptative strategies developed; 3.2) Relationship with colleagues; 3.3) Perceived support received at work, and 3.4) Services offered to patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of closely tracking and supporting the well-being of HSPs. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare, COVID-19, qualitative research, work, disabled persons, social support, coping skills, work-life balance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230404
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Vosoughi, Shahram | Niazi, Parisa | Abolghasemi, Jamileh | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dairy industry workers face numerous ergonomic risk factors in their workplace, including improper posture, manual material handling, and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Fewstudies have been conducted on the correlation of postural stress, MSDs, and chronic fatigue among workers in the dairy industry. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of postural stress, MSDs, and chronic fatigue in a dairy company. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 260 male workers were included in the research based on specific inclusion criteria. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and a researcher-made demographic questionnaire were …used to collect data. The posture of workers was evaluated using RULA and REBA software, and the evaluation of the manual lifting of loads was assessed using the WISHA lifting calculator. Finally, the collected data were entered into the SPSS software version 26.0 and analyzed. RESULTS: The findings revealed a significant statistical relationship between the level of postural stress and chronic fatigue and a significant positive correlation between MSDs and chronic fatigue. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between MSDs, chronic fatigue, and ergonomics training experience. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study support the notion that high levels of postural stress and MSDs can produce an increase in chronic fatigue among workers, and lack of ergonomics training for workers can increase both MSDs and chronic fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out intervention measures in the field of ergonomics management in similar industries through the implementation of ergonomic intervention programs with a focus on proactive and preventive measures and the use of participatory ergonomic programs and educational demands assessment. Show more
Keywords: Dairy industry, postural stress, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic fatigue, pain, posture, ergonomic risk factors
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230309
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Eklund, Annika | Sterner, Anders | Nilsson, Maria Skyvell | Larsman, Pernilla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transition programs for newly graduated nurses in hospital settings are reported to provide learning opportunities, strengthening confidence, workplace integration and skills, retention and job satisfaction. Still, our knowledge of long-term effects is scarce and few studies have used control groups. OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term impact of having attended a transition program on the nurses’ experiences of the first years of practice. More specifically, ideology-infused psychological contract, ethical stress, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, opportunities for learning, and intention to stay in the nursing profession, were explored as outcome variables. METHODS: …A questionnaire survey was carried out among registered nurses from November 2019 to January 2020, with a 54% response rate. The analysis was based on 149 nurses who had attended a transition program, and 72 who had not attended. The nurses had seniority between one and three years. Independent samples t -test were used to investigate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The two groups showed small and non-significant differences in the outcome variables. However, regarding the frequency of ethical value conflicts induced by insufficient resources, as well as experiences of ethical value conflict distress, the group of nurses who had attended a transition program showed statistically significantly higher mean values, although the effect sizes were small. CONCLUSION: Newly graduated nurses need more than transition programs and skills training to progress in their nursing role and develop competence, increase job satisfaction, and reduce stress. Achieving these goals requires a long-term supportive learning environment that is integrated into everyday work. Show more
Keywords: New graduated nurses, transition, well-being, job satisfaction, moral distress, turnover, hospital work environment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230537
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Niu, Long | Liu, Meng | Fan, Lijuan | Yiting, E.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the discourse on the heterogeneity of gender and environmental concern, gender equality awareness can further illuminate the complexity of gender and environmental concern across different cultural backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: Differing from prior research, our study focuses on exploring the relationship between different genders, gender equality awareness, and environmental concern, as well as investigating whether gender equality awareness has distinct effects on environmental concern among different genders. METHODS: Utilizing data from the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS), we conducted a theoretical investigation into gender differences in environmental concern. First, we used descriptive statistics to observe …the differences between the samples. Secondly, in order to compare the influence of gender equality awareness on different genders, we conducted t -tests on gender subgroups. Subsequently, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was employed to examine the effects of gender and gender equality awareness on environmental issues. Finally, gender equality awareness was introduced as a moderating variable to explore its potential interaction with gender and investigate whether a moderation mechanism exists between gender and environmental concern. RESULTS: Findings indicate that 1) male respondents in China exhibit greater concern for the environment compared to female respondents; 2) higher levels of gender equality awareness are positively correlated with higher levels of environmental concern; 3) the influence of gender on environmental concern is moderated by the degree of gender equality awareness. Specifically, when gender equality awareness is strengthened, female respondents exhibit a higher degree of environmental concern. CONCLUSION: Enhancing gender equality awareness contributes to improving both social gender equality and equitable concern for the environment. The findings could provide insights for similar developing countries like China. Show more
Keywords: Environmental concern, gender difference, gender, consciousness of gender equality
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230227
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Singh, Roma | Das, Runumi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: According to Gallup survey report, 69% of U.S. workers moved to working remotely in April 2020. Due to COVID-19, work is changing rapidly, including where individuals work. OBJECTIVE: Research in this field has drawn much attention, and in the last ten years, there is a constant augment in the number of publications on the same. Several works of literature on Remote Working (RW) culture have been reported. Nevertheless, only less research is present on bibliometric reviews of RW culture. Therefore, Bibliometric research is wielded in this work and a comprehensive review of relevant publications was …taken from Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), together with the Social Science Citation Index Expanded. METHODOLOGY: At first, meticulous bibliometric analyses of 430 published articles are done and descriptive information about a piece of work, namely (a) author, (b) title, (c) date of publication, et cetera, is provided. RESULTS: Mapping the scope along with the structure of the discipline is enabled by these analyzes, which discovers the instituted collaboration patterns amongst countries and organizations, and identifies authoritative papers together with authors. Therefore, the publication’s evolution over time is illustrated by these analyses, and the current research interests and potential directions for future study are identified. CONCLUSIONS: This paper incorporates insights on remote working culture and enables mapping the scope and structure of the discipline, discovering the established collaboration patterns among countries and organizations. Thus, these analyses illustrate the publication’s evolution over time and identified the current research interests and potential directions for the research. Show more
Keywords: Remote working, work place, flexible workplace, work-life balance, bibliometric analysis, statistical bibliographies, COVID-19
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230340
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Pal, Anubhab | Patel, Thaneswer | Khro, Keneiselie
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The accurate measurement of the human body is essential when it comes to designing agricultural tools and equipment that can effectively accommodate and interact with individuals when performing a task. The traditional method for measuring an individual’s body measurements is highly complex and requires two or more skilled individuals and reliable measurement tools. Finding a new approach that is speedier, more precise, and less expensive than current methods is therefore necessary. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop an inexpensive novel photogrammetric anthropometric measurement setup that can extract the dimensions of an individual subject irrespective of …their body shape. METHODS: This study involved the creation of a setup comprising four cameras for a 360° photoshoot of human subjects to calibrate and test the developed measurement setup for capturing photos of human subjects and compare the results with manual measurements. RESULTS: Ten different body dimensions were measured using the setup. There was a significant correlation between the manual and photogrammetric measurement methods (0.943 < r < 0.997). The highest absolute error recorded was 1.87% . CONCLUSION: The photogrammetric method for collecting anthropometric data is a reliable substitute for manual measurements across diverse populations. The results indicate that this low-cost approach is highly precise and reliable, with strong correlation to manual measurements. Multiview photogrammetry proves effective for individuals of various body shapes, making it a versatile option for data collection. Show more
Keywords: Photogrammetry, computer-assisted image processing, body size, agricultural tools, precision measurement
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230276
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Kilic, Eren | Cetin-Kilic, Nergiz | Tatar, Berivan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Covid-19 has introduced many contextual changes into individuals’ work and family lives, affecting their career sustainability. Although previous studies have provided evidence for these changes, little is known about how changing contextual demands (de)motivated them to take proactive initiatives for crafting sustainable careers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore how changing work and family demands of academic parents during Covid-19 affected their career sustainability indicators and career initiatives regarding health, happiness, and productivity. METHODS: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 academic parents during the post-lockdown period of Covid-19 in Turkey. We …analyzed the qualitative data by using content analysis via MAXQDA software. RESULTS: Results revealed differing career sustainability experiences and initiatives regarding gender roles, career stage, and work/family demands and resources. Notably, women academics with higher contextual demands and lower contextual resources and early-career academics reported relatively adverse experiences concerning their health, happiness, and productivity. Besides, even though early-career academics faced problems with sustaining their career development, they were relatively more oriented to engage in career initiatives, such as reorganizing developmental needs, improving career skills, and seeking career support and guidance. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on the context, time, and person aspects of sustainable careers during Covid-19. Moreover, the study represents one of the first investigations into the proactive initiatives for crafting sustainable careers during the pandemic and provides a deeper insight into the (de)motivators for career proactivity. Show more
Keywords: Covid-19, career choice, sustainable development, parents, work-family balance, academic performance, gender role, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230164
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Craven, Kristelle | De Dios Pérez, Blanca | Holmes, Jain | Fisher, Rebecca | Radford, Kathryn A
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with acquired brain injuries (ABIs) often experience residual limitations and co-morbid mental illnesses that restrict work participation. Employers are key in enabling successful return-to-work and job retention. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to explore employers’ perspectives of factors influencing their support for people with ABIs and/or mental illness to return to- and stay in work. Review questions focused on barriers and facilitators to their support, and contextual characteristics present at the time. METHODS: Five databases were searched from October 2010 until November 2023 for relevant qualitative studies published in English. Findings from included studies (N … = 25) were synthesised using thematic synthesis. RESULTS: Included studies focused on employees with ABI or mental illness, rather than dually diagnosed ABI and mental illness. Employers’ support was influenced by their awareness/knowledge of- and attitudes towards the employee’s condition/illness; their skills and experience in supportive strategies; factors related to provision of work accommodations; and stakeholder influence. Similarities and differences in influential factors were observed across the ABI and mental illness literature. Contextual characteristics related to organisational characteristics, cultural taboo, and involvement of certain stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS: ABI survivors (with and without co-morbid mental illness) and their employers may benefit from specialist support and resources to guide them through the return-to-work process. Further research is needed to investigate employers’ knowledge of ABI and mental illness and supportive strategies. Exploration of the influence of other stakeholders, socio-demographic characteristics, and contextual factors on employers’ return-to-work and retention support for ABI survivors with co-morbid mental illness is warranted. Show more
Keywords: Return to work, vocational rehabilitation, employment, work, work engagement, systematic review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230214
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-29, 2024
Authors: Kersten, Amber | van Woerkom, Marianne | Geuskens, Goedele | Blonk, Roland
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the societal importance to improve understanding of the role of employers in the inclusion of workers with a distance to the labor market, scant knowledge is available on the effectiveness of human resource management (HRM) bundles for the inclusion of vulnerable workers. OBJECTIVE: This paper studies which HRM bundles are applied by employers that hired people with a distance to the labor market, and to what extent these different bundles of HRM practices are related to employment of workers with specific vulnerabilities, such as people with disabilities or people with a migration background. …METHODS: A latent class analysis of 1,665 inclusive employers was used to identify HRM bundles based on seven HRM practices: financial support practices, specialized recruitment, promotion and career opportunities, training opportunities, part-time work, job crafting, and adaptations to the workplace. RESULTS: Six bundles were identified: a recruitment and development bundle (34.4% of employers), a development bundle (24.8%), maintenance-focused practices (16.5%), a recruitment bundle (9.4%), a sustainable employment bundle (8.9%), and passive HRM (6.0%). Post-hoc analyses showed the probability of hiring specific vulnerable groups for each bundle (e.g., sustainable employment bundles showed the highest overall probability to hire people with a physical disability). CONCLUSION: Nuancing what is suggested in strategic HRM literature, we conclude that both extensive HRM and focused HRM bundles can be successful for the employment of vulnerable workers. In conclusion, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to inclusive employment and employers, large or small, can tailor their HRM systems to include vulnerable workers. Show more
Keywords: Rehabilitation, diversity, equity, inclusion, vulnerable populations, latent class analysis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230314
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Unuvar, Bayram Sonmez | Gercek, Hasan | Tufekci, Osman | Torlak, Mustafa Savas | Erbas, Onur
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a common health issue, and such pains are often associated with muscle tightness. Understanding the link between lower back pain and tight lower extremity muscles is essential for effective pain management and enhanced quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower extremity muscle tightness and pain and disability in individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). METHODS: A total of 52 individuals with NSLBP were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Lower extremity muscle tightness was assessed using various clinical tests, …including the Active Knee Extension Test, Active Straight Leg Raise, Ober Test, and Modified Thomas Test. Pain intensity and disability were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index, respectively. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the correlation between muscle tightness, pain, and disability. RESULTS: The study found weak to moderate negative correlations between lower extremity muscle tightness and both pain intensity and disability in individuals with NSLBP (r: –0.287 to –0.526, p < 0.05). Dominant and non-dominant extremities exhibited differences in muscle flexibility, with the dominant extremity showing greater flexibility (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with NSLBP, lower extremity muscle tightness is closely related to pain severity and disability. These findings suggest that lower extremity muscle tightness plays a significant role in the severity of low back pain and disabilities. Additionally, the observed flexibility difference between dominant and non-dominant extremities warrants further investigation for more personalized treatment approaches. Show more
Keywords: Chronic pain, disability evaluation, hamstring muscles, low back pain, lower extremity, muscle tightness
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230547
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Platts, Katharine | Scott, Emma | Griffiths, Kerry | Carter, Anouska
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic minorities make up approximately 14% of the UK workforce. Despite the disproportionate burden of ill-health amongst ethnic minorities, and the increased interest in Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DE&I) in the workplace, workplace health and wellbeing interventions are still most often designed for the ethnic majority. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the depth and breadth of evidence on the attitudes to and perceptions of health and wellbeing interventions in the workplace within ethnic minority groups in the UK, and to identify gaps in evidence that would provide direction for future …research needs. METHODS: A scoping review with quality appraisal was undertaken, supplemented by a review of grey literature and a narrative review exploring related evidence from the knowledge bases related to community and cultural adaptation. RESULTS: Only three peer-reviewed studies met inclusion criteria, preventing broad conclusions. 14 papers from the community and cultural adaptation literature provided additional information about how health promotion may be approached effectively in the workplace, including the importance of culturally sensitive, people-centred design, and the use of established adaptation frameworks. CONCLUSION: The literature suggests a need for improvements in four key areas: (1) reporting of ethnic minorities in data relating to workplace health and wellbeing research, (2) more thorough review of perceptions and attitudes of ethnic minority workers in the UK, (3) design of culturally appropriate interventions that are tested for impact, and (4) testing of the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions. Show more
Keywords: Workplace, health promotion, ethnic and racial minorities, United Kingdom, occupational groups, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230576
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Davenport, Todd E. | Lee, Alan C. | Raja, Bhavana | Stark, Matthew L. | Reed, Christopher | Magnusson, Dawn M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telehealth is becoming more prevalent in physical therapy, involving a whole host of clinical services. These services are often provided without structured training in telehealth, and no formal curricula currently exist for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of educational competencies (ECs) to guide instruction of telehealth-related skills in entry-level programs (i.e., Doctor of Physical Therapy), existing programs (i.e., residencies and fellowships), and potential future post-graduate programs specific to telehealth physical therapy. METHODS: Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants from diverse geographic locations and practice areas were invited to participate on …an expert panel. A modified Delphi process was then used to evaluate the acceptability of draft ECs gathered from the extant literature by a steering group. Draft ECs were presented to the expert panel on a questionnaire, which asked expert participants to rate each draft EC according to applicability and clarity. Draft ECs were accepted if they met a priori established criteria for acceptability and clarity. Unendorsed ECs were revised by the steering group according to open-ended comments from respondents and presented during a subsequent round. Three rounds of surveys were undertaken. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants formed the expert panel; 38 participants completed the Round 1 survey, 28 participants completed the Round 2 survey, and 24 participants completed the Round 3 survey. Delphi group members approved 48 ECs in the first round, 23 ECs in the second round, and 2 ECs in the third round. There were 4 ECs that remained unendorsed after the modified Delphi process. Endorsed ECs spanned 7 conceptual areas. Distinct sets of ECs characterized expected end points of first professional degree, existing residency and fellowship, and potential future telehealth physical therapy post-graduate program. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based ECs identified in this study may guide instruction in knowledge and skills relevant to physical therapy telehealth. Show more
Keywords: Mobile health, virtual medicine, ehealth, telecare, competency based education, education, delphi study, consensus development
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230618
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Wickens, Christine M. | Mann, Robert E. | Stoduto, Gina | Toccalino, Danielle | Colantonio, Angela | Chan, Vincy
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can profoundly impact overall health, employment, and family life. Incidence of mTBI in the workplace represents an important subgroup with poorer outcomes. Mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) challenges are a primary correlate of TBI, but are rarely assessed among individuals with a work-related (wr)-mTBI, particularly at a population-level. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between lifetime wr-mTBI and non-wr-mTBI and the experience of MH and SU challenges. METHODS: The 2019 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor is a cross-sectional telephone survey …of adults aged≥18 years in Ontario, Canada, employing a stratified (six regions) two-stage (telephone number, respondent) list-assisted random digit dialing probability selection procedure (N = 1792). Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, binary logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between lifetime wr-mTBI and non-wr-mTBI (relative to no TBI) and four outcomes: hazardous use of alcohol and of cannabis, psychological distress, and fair/poor mental health. RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, non-wr-mTBI demonstrated increased odds of hazardous alcohol (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.41, 3.19) and cannabis use (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.45), psychological distress (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.49), and fair/poor mental health (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.59). Lifetime wr-mTBI demonstrated increased odds of reporting psychological distress (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.93, 5.97) and fair/poor mental health (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.12, 4.19) only. CONCLUSIONS: Non-wr-mTBI was associated with both MH and SU, whereas wr-mTBI was associated with MH only. MH outcomes were more strongly associated with wr-mTBI than non-wr-mTBI. Physicians, employers, and insurers need to consider the potential association between wr-mTBI and MH, and provide care accordingly. Show more
Keywords: Brain injuries, traumatic, workplace, mental health, psychological distress, substance-related disorders, ethanol, cannabis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230418
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Araújo, Patrícia da Silva | Nogueira, Wynne Pereira | Freire, Maria Eliane Moreira | Barroso, Barbara Iansã de Lima | Barreto, Anne Jaquelyne Roque | Silva, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmitted by biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors that increase the vulnerability of certain population groups such as civil construction workers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of workers in the construction industry about infection by HIV and associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted, including 381 construction workers, in the cities of João Pessoa, Cabedelo, and Santa Rita, in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, performed through interviews, using a data collection instrument with social demographic variables and the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. …Data were analyzed using descriptive measures, and for comparison between the categories the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, with margin of error of 5% . RESULTS: A predominance of male workers was observed (97.4%) among 381 workers; aged 30-39 (34.1%); married (81.4%); with up to eight years of education (66.6%); family income of up to 2x the minimum wage (52.8%) and coming from the country (43.8%). The average of correct responses was 63.3%, with higher indices (70.0%) related to transmission and forms of prevention. There were higher percentages of hits among those who had studied for 12 years or more. Workers from the capital of Paraíba presented a higher number of correct responses (67.44%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a low index of knowledge of construction workers about HIV, highlighting their consequent vulnerability to acquiring this infection. Show more
Keywords: Operators, health education, sexual vulnerability, sexually transmitted diseases
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220636
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Gümüşsoy, Süreyya | Keskin, Gülseren | Öztürk, Ruşen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the physical, mental, and social well-being of humans worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mental state of female employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 726 participants. Data was collected using the Personal Information Form, fear of COVID-19 scale, and brief symptom inventory. RESULTS: The fear experienced by women during the social isolation and quarantine period was associated with depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety and …paranoid experiences. CONCLUSION: Women, young people, the elderly and single individuals were most likely affected psychologically during the pandemic. Thus, interventions and psychological evaluations are recommended at an early stage to minimize this effect. Such interventions must be implemented considering the strategic planning and coordination of risk groups. Show more
Keywords: Fear, coronavirus, psychology, female, employees
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230306
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: van Niekerk, Lana | Claassens, Nicheri | Fish, Jenna | Foiret, Chanel | Franckeiss, Jenna | Thesnaar, Lomarie
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unemployment and restricted work opportunities for youth are enduring social challenges that affect health, well-being, and quality of life, especially in low- to middle-income countries. When considering the advantages associated with work as a determinant of health, unemployment is understood to contribute to occupational injustice. However, self-employment, hailed the solution to youth unemployment, is often necessity-driven, precarious in nature and restricted by the low success rate of business start-ups. OBJECTIVE: Research was undertaken to explore factors perceived to contribute to the success of start-up businesses in an informal settlement in the Western Cape of South …Africa. The importance of support in the success of business start-ups will be the focus of this article. METHODS: A collective case study, using narrative interviewing and - analysis, was undertaken in South Africa. Two narrative interviews were conducted with each of the five participants who were youth entrepreneurs and founders of start-up businesses. Data analysis comprised the use of narrative analysis and paradigmatic type narrative analysis. RESULTS: Three themes captured factors deemed to have contributed to the success of start-up businesses. The vital role of support systems and networks in business success was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Support systems included family, friends, role models, mentors, team members and business partners. Identification, utilization, and ongoing development of support structures available in the social networks of young entrepreneurs were perceived to have contributed to the success of start-ups. Show more
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, microenterprise, small business, work, youth, unemployment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230527
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Harris, Gregory E. | Watson, James R. | Li, Alan Tai-Wai | Ibáñez-Carrasco, Francisco | Muchenje, Marvelous | Demetrakopoulos, Ana Sophia | McGee, A. | Chambers, Lori | Ceranto, Andre | Cumby, Chris | Liddell, Michael
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a large number of people live with HIV, it is worthwhile to examine the integration of this group in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the operationalization of GIPA/MEPA supports workplace policies and practices for PLHIV. The study aims to explore what is being offered to support PLHIV in community-based agencies and what can be done to enhance the offerings. METHODS: For this community-based research, 2 bilingual online surveys were sent to 150 Canadian organizations that work closely with PLHIV or offer support to them. One of the surveys was for …Executive Directors of these organizations while the other was sent to peers; i.e. PLHIV whose job is to offer services to PLHIV. Questions in the surveys varied between open-ended, binary, and Likert. RESULTS: GIPA/MEPA are implemented in most organizations and Executive Directors affirmed that PLHIV and their impacts on the workplace are valued. There is a consensus among Executive Directors that formal support is provided but most respondents argued that this support is not specific for PLHIV. More than half of respondents were either unaware or uncertain about the existence of informal support. Peer-employees claimed that one of the challenges of disclosing HIV to receive peer support is that they may face stigma. CONCLUSION: The application of GIPA/MEPA results in positive outcomes in the workplace. The study emphasizes the need to facilitate access to informal support. Show more
Keywords: HIV, workplace support, peer support, labor force participation, mental health, community-based research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230289
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Garg, Mudit | Das, Gurumukh | Vuppuluri, Prem Prakash
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitatively analyzing the impact of UV radiation and noise during welding operations is essential to assess the exposure, identify potential hazards, and develop targeted safety protocols to ensure worker safety and adherence to safety regulations, especially in developing countries with inadequate adherence to safety standards and resources. OBJECTIVES: This study employs machine learning for predicting ultraviolet radiation and noise levels during welding, emphasizing worker safety. The focus is on the Indian foundry sector to gauge actual exposure vis-á-vis safety standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultraviolet radiation and noise emitted during the welding of …a ferrous alloy were collected from three foundries in Agra, India. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied for data analysis and prediction of UV radiation and noise levels, and a relative performance comparison was carried out on the compiled data against safety standards. RESULTS: Out of all the ML algorithms applied, the Support Vector Machine regression algorithm (RMSE = 356.93) obtained the best performance on UV radiation data, and the Random Forest algorithm (RMSE = 11.4) was found to give the best results for the noise level prediction task. CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the first known application of machine learning techniques for predicting UV radiation and noise levels in arc welding processes. The results show the efficacy of algorithms such as SVM regression and Random Forest for the problem. Further, the datasets and ML algorithms implemented in the work will be made openly available to support further research endeavors in this and related areas. Show more
Keywords: Welding, Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, occupational noise, safety, health, machine learning, industry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230465
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Erden, Dilek
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is extremely important for nursing students to be professionally motivated to train qualified future professional nurses. Students’ vocational motivation is affected by their experiences in clinical and academic learning environments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the vocational motivation levels of nursing students and their attitudes toward clinical practice. METHODS: 292 nursing students participated in the cross-sectional, descriptive study. The Student Information Form, Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Clinical Practices Scale, Motivation Sources and Problems Scale (MSPS) were used to gather the data. RESULTS: …The average score for students’ attitudes toward clinical practice was 107.08±18.13, while the total score for MSPS stood at 3.80±0.63. A positive correlation was identified between the attitude toward clinical practice and vocational motivation levels (r = 0.367; p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between the intrinsic motivation (r = 0.572; p < 0.001) and extrinsic motivation (r = 0.58; p < 0.001), and negative correlations were observed between the negative motivation (r = -0.324; p < 0.001) and the attitude toward clinical practice scale. There were positive correlations between belief and expectation (r = 0.492; p < 0.001) and positive approach (r = 0.532; p < 0.001) with the MSPS. In the multiple regression analysis, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, satisfaction with studying nursing, and participation in vocational courses were determined as effective predictors of attitudes towards clinical practice and explained 60.4% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that nursing students’ attitudes toward clinical practices affect vocational motivation. Clinical learning environments should be arranged in a way to increase the motivation level of students towards professional learning. Show more
Keywords: Attitude, clinical practice, clinical mentoring, nursing education, nursing students, vocational motivation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230492
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Lucas, Ruan Eduardo Carneiro | da Silva, Luiz Bueno | de Souza, Erivaldo Lopes | Leite, Wilza Karla dos Santos | da Silva, Jonhatan Magno Norte
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Educational environments can have environmental conditions that are incompatible with the needs of students, compromising their well-being and affecting their performance. OBJECTIVE: To identify the environmental variables that influence the performance of university students and measure this influence through an experiment in indoor environments. METHODS: The study applied an experimental methodology for three consecutive days in seven educational environments located in different regions of Brazil, measuring the environ-mental conditions, the students’ perception of the environment, and their cognitive performance. The impact of environmental variables and environmental perception on student performance was analyzed …using Generalized Linear Models and a Structural Equation Model. RESULTS: Students who took the test at air temperatures between 22.4°C and 24.7°C had a 74.20% chance of performing better than those outside this range. Air temperatures between 26.2°C and 29°C were associated with an 86% chance of taking less time to complete the test. High illuminance levels increased the chance of taking longer to answer the test by 41.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Three environmental variables (relative humidity, lighting and air temperature) and two perceptual dimensions (light and thermal perception) directly influence student performance. Show more
Keywords: Students, classroom, indoor environments, environmental variables, perception, performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220055
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Ichikura, Kanako | Fukase, Yuko | Asada, Fuminari | Hino, Ayako | Tanoue, Asuka | Murase, Hanako | Shimazu, Akihito | Tagaya, Hirokuni
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic could have led to a technological revolution however it has caused work productivity loss, especially among people working from home. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the frequency and related factors of work productivity loss, focusing on work-related factors, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of Japanese workers. Questionnaires were distributed using snowball sampling through e-mail and social networking sites. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 708 non-medical workers reported subjective work productivity loss during the first wave of …the pandemic, compared with before. A multiple regression analysis showed that living with preschool-age children, having poor mental health, not using video conferencing solutions, and increased e-mail communication were related to work productivity loss. A subgroup analysis of those working from home showed similar variables associated with work productivity loss. CONCLUSIONS: More than 70% of workers in Japan experienced work productivity loss during the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, factors such as time-consuming tasks or background distractions might lead to operational inefficacy. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, infections, efficiency, teleworking, mental health, family characteristics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230415
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Shrimal, Pragya Jain | Maharana, Satyapriya | Dave, Anupama | Metri, Kashinath G. | Raghuram, Nagarathna | Shrimal, Shivendra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health Care Professionals (HCPs) working on the frontlines of health care emergencies/pandemics often experience elevated anxiety, stress and reduced quality of sleep. Yoga is a mind-body practice that has been proven to effective in improving physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated Yoga intervention on mental health measures and sleep quality among HCPs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: It was a quasi-experimental study on 110 HCPs, including Doctors and nursing staff, with an age range of 20 to 65 years who were recruited through a convenience sampling …method and assigned to a Yoga group (n = 55) or a control group (n = 55).The Yoga group received a weekly one-hour Yoga session followed by a 30-minute self-practice three times a week at home for one month. The control group followed routine activity. Heart rate (HR), Blood Pressure, stress measures (Perceived Stress and visual analogue Scale for Stress), COVID-related anxiety, Sleep Quality, Quality of life and Preservative Thinking were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A significant decrease in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, and perseverative thinking was noticed in the Yoga group. Sleep quality and quality of life also improved significantly. The control group showed no significant change. At one month, the Yoga group showed significantly greater improvement in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, perseverative thinking, sleep quality and quality of life compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Yoga practice during the public health crisis would help reduce anxiety and stress and improve sleep among HCPs. Further, RCT studies are warranted. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, healthcare, sleep, mind-body medicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230061
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Bingöl, Ümran | Kutlu, Adalet
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to identify the hazards encountered by nurses before and after COVID-19, assess the potential risks and risk levels, take measures for the identified hazards and risks, and determine the effect of risk management on employee performance evaluation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hazard and risk management of nurses before and after COVID-19 on performance evaluation. METHODS: The study consisted of two stages. The first stage had a descriptive design, while the second stage had a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The second …stage of the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 377 nurses who agreed to participate in the study in the first stage and 201 nurses in the second stage. The study data was collected via Information Form, Hazard and Risk Identification Form, and Employee Performance Scale (EPS). In the second stage of the study, training was provided using instruction cards called “Means of Protection Against Hazards and Risks” for potential moderate- and high-level hazards and risks existing after the pre-test. The post-test stage was conducted two weeks after the training. Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses of descriptive statistics RESULTS: The mean EPS score was found to be pre training 3,85±0,60 after training \it was was found to be 3.92±0.55. Moreover, there was a weak negative correlation between pre- and post-training risk levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Hazard and risk management training had a positive effect on the performance of employees. Show more
Keywords: Nurse, hazard, risk management, COVID-19, employee performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230285
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Alsobhi, Mashael | Aldhabi, Rawan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hajj is a series of rituals that are done in specific areas and periods in Mecca. Performing Hajj requires a great amount of physical demand which may result in musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in different age groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of MSP and understand its pattern via exploring the factors that could be associated with muscular pain among pilgrims in the 2022 Hajj. METHODS: A web-based survey was distributed during the annual Hajj mass gathering. Pilgrims were recruited from Hajj ritual sites. The collected data included demographics, musculoskeletal …pain at ten anatomical body sites, and physical activity (PA) level. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at a 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: A total of 248 pilgrims participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 43.49±12.70 years. Of all pilgrims, 78.6% had reported MSP in at least one anatomical body site during performing Hajj. Results revealed that Pilgrims were more likely to have MSP in the lower limb while performing Hajj rituals where the most prevalent reported pain was in the legs (46% ), followed by the lower back (45% ), knees (37% ), and ankles/feet (30% ). Age, sex, and PA were not significantly associated with MSP except the BMI was found to be a significant factor related to MSP among pilgrims (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Many pilgrims exhibited pain in at least one body part. Although physical fitness recommendations are published in the Saudi Ministry of Health, MSP preventative measures need to be disseminated by organizations and interested parties worldwide. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, musculoskeletal diseases, muscle stress, physical activity, mass gathering, pain
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230483
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Kakaraparthi, Venkata Nagaraj | Vishwanathan, Karthik | Gadhavi, Bhavana | Abdulelah Alkhamis, Batool | Reddy, Ravi Shankar | Tedla, Jaya Shanker | Dixit, Snehil | Gular, Kumar | Gannamaneni, Vamsi Krishna | Ahmad, Irshad | Alshahrani, Oun Mohammad | Almushari, Muath Hassan Yahya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment tools for work rehabilitation are essential in healthcare settings. Adapting the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) to Arabic-speaking populations ensures effective evaluation and intervention for individuals with work-related disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To execute a cross-cultural adaptation of interview-administered version Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire –Arabic (WORQ-A) and assess the psychometric properties of WORQ-A in patients with musculoskeletal problems. METHODS: WORQ is mainly intended to assess the work functioning of persons who are involved in vocational rehabilitation. Psychometric properties were scrutinized in the outpatient rehabilitation center. Test–retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), …and internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. The usability of WORQ-A was established in 46 patients with musculoskeletal problems. RESULTS: WORQ-A exhibited exceptional internal consistency (0.93) and a great test–retest reliability (0.87). Regarding usability, the ability to understand the questions and answer choices was established as good. Five percent of the participants encountered minor difficulties with certain words, while the majority found it quite straightforward to choose the correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: The WORQ-A is an effective, consistent, and very easy to administer questionnaire to assess the work-related functions assumed in our study context and the individualities of the sample. Show more
Keywords: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validation, vocational rehabilitation, WORQ
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230241
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Lopes, Ester Rodrigues do Carmo | Macêdo, Flávia Pessoni Faleiros | Fifolato, Tha’ıs Marques | Nardim, Heloisa Correa Bueno | Suzuki, Karen Ayumi Kawano | Fonseca, Marisa de Cássia Registro
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work related shoulder disorders adversely affect the quality of life and lead to increased costs related to decreased productivity and injury treatment. Therefore, understanding the relationship between strength, upper extremity function and work ability contributes to the development of interventions aimed to improve the well-being of healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: Correlate shoulder abduction and handgrip strength with upper extremity function and work ability in healthcare workers with shoulder complaints. METHODS: 67 workers with shoulder pain in the last year were assessed by Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Work Ability Index (WAI), …isokinetic shoulder strength and isometric handgrip strength dynamometers. Data were analysed with Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (ρ = 0.05), SPSS 20.0 ® . RESULTS: 52% males, mean age 48.4 years, 42% physically active, most administrative and general services workers. Low correlation between handgrip strength and QuickDASH (r =-0.359; p = 0.004); low correlation between handgrip strength and WAI (r = 0.359; p = 0.003) and between shoulder abduction strength and the QuickDASH (r = -0.267; p = 0.049); no significant correlation between shoulder abduction strength and WAI (r = 0.001; p = 0.997). CONCLUSIONS: Handgrip and shoulder abduction strength were inversely associated with upper extremity dysfunction. Shoulder abduction strength was associated with work ability. The inclusion of strength assessment in workers is important to guide strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Show more
Keywords: Occupational health, musculoskeletal disease, work, muscle strength, shoulder, pain
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230373
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Ziyan, Hou | Jizu, Li
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of smart mine construction, coal mine safety management is imposing stringent requirements on the safety competence of miners. To meet these demands, coal mine enterprises have initiated proactive measures to recruit a new generation of knowledge-based miners who possess high qualifications and specialized backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of identity conflict (IC) and its influence on unsafe behavior (USB) among KBMs within the context of China’s smart mining initiatives, as well as to identify the role of potential mediating and moderating variables in this relationship. …METHODS: An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 304 KBMs with a college degree or above, selected from multiple coal mines in Shanxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression analysis and the Bootstrap method were employed for data analysis. This model incorporated IC as the antecedent variable and meticulously investigated the mediating effects of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and psychosocial resources (PSR), along with the moderating effect of positive explanatory bias (PEB). RESULTS: The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between IC and USB among KBMs. RBSE and PSR were found to mediate the relationship between IC and USB. Moreover, this mediating effect further influenced the relationship between IC and USB through a chain mediating effect. Additionally, PEB strengthened the positive impact of KBMs’ RBSE on PSR. CONCLUSION: These results provide a broader perspective on the antecedent variables associated with KBMs’ USB and provide valuable insights and practical management strategies enhancing the safety management practices within coal mining enterprise. Show more
Keywords: Knowledge-based miners (KBMs), identity conflict (IC), unsafe behavior (USB), role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE), psychosocial resources (PSR), positive explanatory bias (PEB)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230685
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Hsieh, Yu-Wen | Huang, Charles Lung-Cheng
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Police work, known for its high stress, exhibits elevated depression rates. OBJECTIVE: This study explores stress and depression in male officers, examining personality traits, coping strategies, family, and social support. Aligned with the diathesis–stress hypothesis and job demands–resources model, it aims to illuminate these factors in policing. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-four male police officers from Yunlin, Taiwan were enrolled in this study. Structured measurements of stress level, depression symptoms, personality traits, family functioning, and social support were made. We used multiple regression analysis to assess predictors of stress level and depression …and identified coping strategies used by the police officers. RESULTS: Of the 264 male police officers, 36.4% had clinically significant depression. Occupational stress was mostly related to organizational factors. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, personality traits, officer’s rank, and period of education obtained could predict police officers’ occupational stress. Personality traits, social support, occupational stress, and period of education obtained could predict depression. The most frequently used coping strategies were drinking and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study support the diathesis–stress hypothesis and the job demands–resources model. Enhancing male police officers’ mental well-being requires addressing key factors like social support and occupational stress. Strategic measures, such as mental health education, destigmatization, counseling, and community-building, are vital. Policymakers should collaborate with mental health professionals for tailored interventions, fostering a healthier work environment. Show more
Keywords: Occupational stress, depression, police, diathesis–stress hypothesis, coping strategies, personality traits
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230452
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Dost, Ayse | Sezgin, Duygu | Esin, Melek Nihal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The conditions in the workplace have a critical influence on the mental health of nurses and their attitudes toward their job, which may impact patient care. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between perceptions of the work environment and fear of COVID-19 experienced by nurses. METHODS: The data were collected using a demographic data form, the Work Environment Scale (WES), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The study was completed with 183 nurses who provide care to COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: The mean scores for the WES …and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were 63.59±12.35 and 21.98±8.36, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the points acquired from the “employee fears” section of the WES and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale mean ranks (r = 0.22). There was a weak negative correlation between the Fear of COVID-19 score and the WES “job satisfaction” score (r = –0.214). There was a weak negative correlation between the scores of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and perceived support at work (r = –0.33) and between the WES scores and weekly working hours (r = –0.27). However, there was a weak to moderate positive correlation between the WES scores and number of days off per week (r = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses experience a high fear of COVID-19, and a decrease in their attitudes of the work environment was associated with an increased fear of COVID-19. The fear of COVID-19 may be reduced by various interventions to provide support at work and increase nurses’ job satisfaction. Show more
Keywords: associated conditions, environment, fear, nurse, pandemic, workplace
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230121
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Hajizadeh, Roohalah | Ghiasvand, Fatemeh | Azimi Pirsaraei, Seyed Reza | Khani, Fouzia | Feiz-Arefi, Maryam | Beheshti, Mohammad Hosein
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vibration is one of the harmful factors for forklift drivers. The use of non- standard seats and not paying attention to how the seats are maintained can be affected by the amount of vibration transmitted to the person. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the amount of vibration transmitted from the forklift and the effect of different types of polyurethane foam in reducing the vibration transmitted from the forklift seat. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 38 forklifts in 4 diesel models with the same weight class. The amount of vibration transmitted from forklift seats according …to ISO2631 standard, taking into account the effect of various factors such as foam type (hot and cold), thickness (6–12 cm), load and year Function was measured. The amount of vibration caused by the forklift on the seat and under the seat was evaluated using ISO7096 standard. RESULTS: The average total vibration of the whole body in all foams in no-load mode is more than with load. The transmission vibration of cold polyurethane foam is less than that of hot polyurethane foam. With increasing thickness, the efficiency of cold polyurethane foam increases by 12 cm and in the loaded state 40.63% and in the unloaded state 49.58% in reducing the vibration transmitted to drivers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that cold foam has better effectiveness and efficiency than hot polyurethane foam. Also, the thicker the foam, the less vibration is transmitted to the driver. Show more
Keywords: Whole body vibration, forklifts, driver’s seats, polyurethane foam, occupational exposure
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230421
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Brandt, Mikkel | Bláfoss, Rúni | Jakobsen, Markus Due | Samani, Afshin | Ajslev, Jeppe Z.N. | Madeleine, Pascal | Andersen, Lars L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) located in the low back and neck/shoulder regions are major concerns for both workers, workplaces, and society. Masons are prone to WMSD, because their work is characterized by repetitive work and high physical workload. However, the knowledge on the physical workload during bricklaying is primarily based on subjective measurements. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional field study with technical measurements aimed to quantify physical workload in terms of muscular activity and degree of forward bending during bricklaying at different working heights among masons, i.e., knee, hip, shoulder, and above shoulder height. METHODS: …Twelve male (36.1±16.1 years) experienced masons participated in a cross-sectional field study with technical measurements. Surface electromyography from erector spinae longissimus and upper trapezius muscles and an inertial measurement unit-sensor placed on the upper back were used to assess the physical workload (level of muscle activation and degree of forward bending) different bricklaying heights. Manual video analysis was used to determine duration of work tasks, frequency, type, and working height. The working heights were categorized as ‘knee’, ‘hip’, ‘shoulder’, and ‘above shoulder’. The 95 percentiles of the normalized Root Mean Square (RMSn) values were extracted assess from erector spinae and trapezius recordings to assess strenuous level muscle of muscle activation. RESULTS: The RMSn of dominant erector spinae muscle increased from hip- to shoulder height (from 26.6 to 29.6, P < 0.0001), but not from hip to above shoulder height and decreased from hip to knee height (from 26.6 to 18.9, P < 0.0001). For the dominant trapezius muscle, the RMSn increased from hip- to shoulder- and above shoulder height (from 13.9 to 19.7 and 24.0, respectively, P < 0.0001) but decreased from hip- to knee height (from 13.9 to 11.5, P < 0.0001). Compared to hip height (27.9°), an increased forward bending was detected during bricklaying at knee height (34.5°, P < 0.0001) and a decreased degree of forward bending at shoulder- and above shoulder height (17.6° and 12.5°, P < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on technical measurements, bricklaying at hip height showed the best compromise between muscular load and degree of forward bending. This study contributes to the development of the work environment for masons and can help guide preventive initiatives to reduce physical workload. Show more
Keywords: Bricklayers, electromyography, actigraphy, musculoskeletal diseases, ergonomics, building and construction
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230325
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Yi, Cannan | Yang, Dan | Zhou, Shuyi | Li, Kai Way | Hu, Hong
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pushing is a typical workplace activity that may result in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A convenient method of assessing the risk of MSDs is to determine the association between the force applied and the subjective rating of force exertion. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the subjective rating of force exertion and the force applied to both a fixed and a movable handle. It also aimed to confirm that the participants could apply a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height. METHODS: A one-handed pushing experiment was conducted. In …the push-to-scale session, the participants pushed a handle fixed on a rig on four levels on the CR-10 scale. The push force was measured. In the force-rating session, the participants rated their force exertions when pushing a movable handle with metal blocks suspended on the two sides. The subjective ratings on the CR-10 were recorded. RESULTS: The one-handed push force at shoulder height was significantly higher than that at elbow height. More effort was needed to push on a movable handle than a fixed one. Two regression models were established to describe the relationship between the push force and the subjective ratings of pushing for each of the fixed and movable handles, respectively. The correlation coefficient results showed that these models are adequate to describe the relationship between the one-handed push force and the ratings of the CR-10 scale. CONCLUSION: Participants applied a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height was confirmed. Participants needed more efforts to push the movable handle under the same CR-10 level than the fixed handle. The predictive models developed in this study may be used to estimate the push force for one-handed pushing tasks when assessing the risk of MSDs. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, one-handed push force, subjective rating, push-to-scale, CR-10 scale
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230432
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Júdice, Pedro B. | Silva, Hélio | Teno, Sabrina C. | Hetherington-Rauth, Megan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged periods of sitting have been linked to negative health outcomes. Implementation of sit-stand desks in the workplace has been one strategy to reduce prolonged sitting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of sit-stand workstations on reducing sitting time and improving other health outcomes of office-based workers. METHODS: 39 Portuguese office workers were randomized into a 6-month parallel-group cluster RCT consisting by the implementation of sit-stand desks in the workplace. The primary outcome of sitting time was assessed using ActivPAL. Secondary outcomes included biometric, psychological, and diet-related variables. All outcomes were assessed at …baseline and 6 months for the whole sample and at 3 months for a sub-sample of the intervention group (n = 11). RESULTS: No significant time*group interaction was found for the primary or secondary outcomes, apart from waist circumference favoring the control group (Δ –1.81 cm, pinteraction = 0.04). There were significant changes within the intervention group for sitting time (–44.0 min/day), prolonged sitting (>30 min) (–45.3 min/day) and standing time (51.7 min/day) at 3 months in the sub-sample and in prolonged sitting (>30 min) (–26 min/day) in the full intervention group (p < 0.05). Changes were also observed within the intervention group for percent body fat (Δ –3.7%) and ratings of quality of life (Δ 2.2), musculoskeletal discomfort (Δ –4.9), overall fatigue (Δ –2.2), and the need for recovery after work (Δ –1.7) at 6-month follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although not being effective for reducing sitting time, the implementation of sit-stand desks in the Portuguese workspace was shown to be feasible over the long term, received well by users, and may offer other health benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registration, OSF.IO/JHGPW. Registered 15 November 2022. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW. Show more
Keywords: Sitting time, sedentary behavior, contextual modification, ActivPAL, standing time
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230624
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Vitale, Elsa | Mea, Rocco | Chang, Yun-Chen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In Italy, cultural and professional nursing improvements are reached thanks to the university-based education which marks the clinical competency and the professional autonomy in nursing decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To highlight how Italian nurses perceived their nursing autonomy level in the main action-points highlighted in the Italian regulation law according to sex, age, work experience, education, shift and ward. METHODS: A cohort explorative study was carried out from September 2022 to January 2023 to highlight how Italian nurses perceived their nursing autonomy levels in the main action-points highlighted in the Italian regulation law for the nursing profession …according to demographic characteristics, like: gender, age, work of experience, education, shift, ward employment. RESULTS: A total of 403 nurses were enrolled. Significant differences were recorded in: decision-making authority in patient care and shift (p ≤0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.045); ability to initiate nursing interventions and education (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.011); collaboration and communication with healthcare team members and education (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.010); independence in clinical judgment and critical thinking and shift (p < 0.001); responsibility for the planning and evaluation of nursing care and education (p = 0.005) and shift (p = 0.002) and ward employment (p = 0.013); autonomy in professional development and continuing education and shift (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted the intricate world both of the healthcare surrounding and the abilities to act autonomously within the multiprofessional staff. Future studies will develop qualitative and phenomenological designs in order to better define in which fields nurses will act their professional autonomy. Show more
Keywords: Age, nursing, professional autonomy, sex, shift work schedule, ward, work experience
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230740
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Nazari, Shima | Zamani, Aida | Farokhnezhad Afshar, Pouya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress is inevitable in the nursing profession, and ways of coping are one of the solutions to reduce stress. Social support is one of the influencing factors on coping strategies, but there is probably a difference between the effects of received or perceived social support on coping strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between received and perceived social support with ways of coping in nurses. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 292 nurses by simple random sampling. The data collection tool included Zimmet’s multidimensional perceived social support …scale, McCain and Marklin’s perceived social support questionnaire, and Lazarus’ ways of coping questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests in SPSS v.22. RESULTS: The results showed that received social support (β= 0.20, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (β= 0.35, p < 0.001) are able to explain changes in the dimension of seeking social support. Received social support (β= 0.16, p = 0.005) and perceived social support (β= 0.22, p < 0.001) are able to explain changes after positive reappraisal, but only received social support could explain changes in accepting responsibility (β= 0.15, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed that received and perceived social support have a significant correlation with ways of coping, but only able to explain the changes in social support seeking dimensions, positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility. Both types of social support are necessary, but that received social support covered more adaptive coping strategies. Show more
Keywords: Received social support, perceived social support, coping strategies, nurse, job satisfaction, mental health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230337
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Baytak, Sevgi | Dogru-Huzmeli, Esra | Uysal, Halil Hakan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Caring for neurological patients poses a serious burden on caregivers, even in normal times. It is likely that this burden has become even more painful post-COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care burden of those who care for patients with chronic neurological diseases. METHODS: The study included 50 patients and 50 caregivers. All the tests were conducted twice, it was answered firstly, according to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic, and secondly, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The depression levels of the patients and caregivers were assessed with the Beck …Depression Scale, their sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, their quality of life was assessed with the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, and caregivers’ burden of care was evaluated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. RESULTS: It was observed at the end of the study that the depression levels of patients (p = 0.00), and caregivers (p = 0.00) increased post-COVID-19 pandemic, the sleep quality of caregivers (p = 0.00), and patients (p = 0.02) decreased post-COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, it was determined that caregivers’ burden of care increased (p = 0.00). Sub-parameters of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, physical functioning (p = 0.02), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.00), and role limitations due to emotional problems (p = 0.03) decreased for caregivers. CONCLUSION: In summary, we concluded that the well-being and psychological status of both patients and their caregivers were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, burden, neurological disorders, caregiver, quality of life, depression
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230710
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Medic-Pericevic, Sonja | Mikov, Ivan | Spanovic, Milorad | Maric, Nada | Zvekic-Svorcan, Jelena | Krasnik, Rastislava
Article Type: Case Report
Abstract: BACKGROUND: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is upper-limb disorder, more frequent in women. It is rarely recognized as an occupational disease. OBJECTIVE: In this paper we reported work related de Quervain’s tenosynovitis in cow milker. METHODS: Ergonomic risk factors were assessed by utilizing assessment of repetitive tasks (ART) of the upper limbs method. Physical examination and imaging exams were used. RESULTS: We presented a 36-year-old female agricultural worker (workplace cow milker) exposed to work factors (forceful hand/wrist exertions, repetition, extreme postures) for 14 years. She was suffering the pain in the right …hand, mainly near the thumb for few years. She was treated conservatively and surgically, however disability was permanent. Clinical examination showed slight edema of the right hand, increased palm’s sweating. Patient had reduced range of movements and grip strength. CONCLUSIONS: Report shows that work-related factors were strongly associated with diagnosed de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Hand function plays an essential role in carrying out activities of daily living and this disorder pose a relevant burden of disease. Exposure to biomechanical factors should be an important initial target for the prevention of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis in the working population. Show more
Keywords: Work related musculoskeletal disorder, agriculture, workplace, treatment, disability, employee health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230135
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Manno, Christine M. | Glade, Rachel | Koch, Lynn C. | Simon, Lauren S. | Rumrill, Phillip D. | Rosen, Christopher C.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to overcome obstacles to entry and inclusion in the workplace, individuals with disabilities engage in various impression management strategies to present themselves as the socially acceptable ‘ideal employee.’ OBJECTIVE: This study expands on previous disclosure research by asking individuals with disabilities to share their experiences of identity management and workplace challenges. METHODS: We leveraged qualitative research techniques to explore the reciprocal impact of workplace treatment and disclosure. RESULTS: Impression management emerged as an especially salient aspect of participants’ disclosure decisions, and participants used an array of impression management tactics. Some employees …with disabilities described positive experiences; however, we also learned that impression management can present unique challenges that may outweigh potential benefits. CONCLUSION: Our findings affirm that managing the image we project can be remarkably complicated and effortful when having a disability. This paper concludes with implementation recommendations for vocational rehabilitation counselors and human resource practitioners. Show more
Keywords: Disability, impression management, employment, vocational rehabilitation, human resource management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246007
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Vasconcelos, Bianca M. | Santos, Cynthia Jordão de Oliveira | Soeiro, Alfredo | Barkokébas Junior, Béda
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Safety design covers proactive actions as it analyzes accident risks early in the enterprise life cycle, and considers the designer acting on accident prevention as a member of the construction team. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes an accident investigation to establish links between accident causes and design to support Prevention through Design (PtD) tools. METHODS: This article analyzed more than a thousand severe and fatal accident cases in the construction sector. A systematic analysis method was structured based on descriptions of accident causes and measures that could be taken to avoid accidents. …RESULTS: Analyzing the severe and fatal accidents, the safety measures implemented in the project design could avoid at least 23.6% of the events. As a result, the architectural and structural designs were more effective in accident prevention. The reference percentages and the design types that are more effective in preventing accidents are analyzed through a representative sample of the analysis of the accident. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to applying safety guidelines in design projects, directly assisting in project and construction management. Show more
Keywords: Design for safety, building safety, risk identification
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220613
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Han, Lei | Du, Zhigang | He, Shiming
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of traffic sign information volume (TSIV) on the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers were investigated in this study. TSIV plays a crucial role in road traffic safety, and understanding its impact on drivers is essential for designing effective traffic sign systems. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers under varying TSIV doses through simulated driving tests. The objective was to provide insights for optimizing the design of road TSIV. METHODS: Six TSIV levels were considered: S0, S1, …S2, S3, S4, and S5, representing different workload levels. Participants, including both novice and experienced drivers, were involved in simulated driving scenarios with varying TSIV levels. Eye movement data was collected using an eye tracker device. The study was conducted in China, and appropriate driving simulators and equipment were utilized. RESULTS: The findings revealed several valuable results. Experienced drivers exhibited a higher proportion of saccade behavior in the 30–90 ms time period and did not show rapid saccade behavior during the 0–30 ms period, indicating superior visual search strategies. Both novice and experienced drivers demonstrated improved visual cognitive abilities at the S3 level of TSIV, which corresponds to normal and safe driving conditions. Furthermore, a majority of both groups had saccade amplitudes in the range of 0°–4°, with experienced drivers showing a slightly higher proportion. About 82% of experienced drivers had saccade behavior within the range of 0°–2°, compared to 75% of novice drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that the S3 level of TSIV, corresponding to 30 bits/km, is optimal for both novice and experienced drivers. This level promotes better visual performance and reduces visual workload, indicating that drivers’ information acquisition capacity and visual search strategies are maximized while keeping the workload associated with driving at a minimum. These findings have significant implications for enhancing driving safety. Show more
Keywords: TSIV, novice drivers, experienced drivers, driving safety, visual characteristics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230349
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Entezarizarch, Elham | Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl | Madreseh, Elham | Abbasinia, Marzieh | Abdi, Hanieh
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Driving represents a multifaceted cognitive endeavor, demanding heightened vigilance and swift responses. Considering the high statistics of driving accidents and heavy loads, as well as the effect of the driver’s age on the occurrence of accidents, it is important to investigate these factors to reduce accidents. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of mental workload on the performance of young and older drivers in a dynamic driving scenario to compare cognitive performance, workload perception, and driving outcomes between the two age groups. METHODS: Cognitive tests including the Stroop test, Continuous Performance test, and Focused Attention …test were conducted, alongside the use of the DALI questionnaire to measure workload levels. Participants encompassed twenty male drivers, divided into two age groups: 20 to 35 years and 55 to 70 years, with varying years of driving experience. The study entailed a dynamic driving scenario involving a designated route in Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Results exhibited differences in workload scores between the age groups, particularly in dimensions such as visual demand, auditory demand, attention, and interference. Older drivers demonstrated heightened cognitive and physical demands during driving, implying a greater need for attention and cognitive effort. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that navigating through congested roads and dense urban traffic significantly elevates the mental workload for drivers, consequently impacting their cognitive functioning. Given the critical need for attention in driving, this heightened workload can manifest as increased fatigue, increasing stress levels, and diminished concentration, all of which substantially raise the risk of vehicular accidents. Furthermore, the study highlighted a particular concern for older drivers, whose diminished cognitive capacities further raise their vulnerability to accidents under such demanding driving conditions. Show more
Keywords: Workload, performance, stroop test, drivers, cognitive, safety, driving
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230473
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Kang, Liangguo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Like other things, psychological safety has a too-much-of-a-good-thing effect on the risk prevention process. There are warranted systematic and theoretical discussions on both positive and negative influences of psychological safety, which provide useful guides to handling potential risks for workers. OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on the psychological safety analysis of work safety for workers in high-risk industries through the construction of a theoretical model, illustrating that a higher level of psychological safety is not better. METHOD: This study explores the impact of workers’ psychological safety on the potential risk of work safety by conducting a …comprehensive analysis of relevant literature and employing inductive reasoning and analogy methodology. RESULTS: We systematically reviewed the research background and several hypotheses of psychological safety, described the relationship between psychological safety and risk prevention from three levels, and constructed the threshold initial, special, and extended model of psychological safety to reveal the importance of workers’ psychological safety when handling potential risks. CONCLUSION: This research effectively describes the influence of high, moderate, and low levels of psychological safety on the risk prevention of work safety, which provides a psychological model guide to developing measures for the improvement of work safety management. Show more
Keywords: Psychological safety, risk prevention, work safety, threshold model, industrial psychology, safety management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230234
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Raza, Mohammad | Bhushan, Rajesh Kumar | Khan, Abid Ali
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional driving requires long hours of work, uncomfortable seats, negotiating rough terrain and highways, and possibly minor repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties. Heavy vehicle drivers driving vehicles such as trucks, bulldozers, etc. due to such working structures are more prone to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and pain, which is of great concern. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, it is planned to investigate possible ergonomic risk factors such as age, weight, driving exposure, seat suspension systems, lifting heavy weights causing MSDs in drivers of various heavy vehicles. The results of the study are expected to …help drivers reduce the risk of MSDs. METHODS: For the present study, the Nordic questionnaire on musculoskeletal disorders was modified and standardized and was administered to the 48 heavy vehicle drivers randomly selected to collect the data. RESULTS: The analysis divulged that over the past 12 months, lower back pain (LBP) emerged as the most dominant pain experienced by 56% of drivers, followed by knee pain (KP) (43%) and neck pain (NP) (39%) respectively. The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) was observed to be much lower than in previous literature. The logistic regression model further revealed that increasing age, poor suspension system and poor body posture were significantly associated with lower back pain. Additionally, a poor suspension system and lifting heavy weights had significant effect on the drivers’ knee pain. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the evident necessity for ergonomic consideration in vehicle designing and ergonomic training for heavy vehicle drivers. Show more
Keywords: Heavy vehicle drivers, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), lower back pain (LBP), whole body vibration, knee pain (KP), driver’s discomfort
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230655
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-09, 2024
Authors: McDonnall, Michele C. | Cmar, Jennifer L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vision loss increases with age and is thus more likely to happen later in one’s career. With more individuals working beyond typical retirement age, the possibility of experiencing vision loss while working has increased. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how developing vision loss during midlife affects employment and retirement. METHOD: Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data, we identified a sample of 167 workers, 44 to 64 years old, who developed vision loss and a matched comparison sample of 800 workers who did not. We explored job retention …and retirement differences between the groups and differences between people with vision loss who retained jobs versus those who did not. RESULTS: Vision loss was associated with leaving the labor force, although there was a clear trend over time of increasing likelihood of job retention. Occupational category was associated with job retention and people who continued working had more favorable financial situations. Retirees with vision loss were more likely to report involuntary retirement and dissatisfaction with retirement. CONCLUSIONS: The decreasing likelihood of leaving the labor market after vision loss is an encouraging finding of this study. Workers who left the labor force after vision loss were more likely to be in precarious financial positions, and retirees did not have positive experiences with retirement. Assisting workers with vision loss to remain in the labor force is of vital importance, and increasing awareness and usage of free services for this population may reduce involuntary retirement and its negative consequences. Show more
Keywords: Low vision, reduced vision, visual impairment, employment, employment termination, retirement
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230669
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Mitra, Sudeep | Mitra, Mousumi | Nandi, Purna | Saha, Mantu | Nandi, Dilip Kumar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical exercise participation among female students is significantly compromised throughout the academic periods of college or university due to scholastic demands and also by less parental and community encouragements. Thus, physical inactivity in female college students leads to less musculoskeletal efficiency and work performance. OBJECTIVE: Customized yogic module may be considered to enhance both aerobic and anaerobic power, pulmonary capacity and musculoskeletal efficiency for the improvement of systemic body functions among female college students. METHODS: A randomized, controlled parallel study design (n = 60; age = 20.16±2.05 years), on sedentary female college students practicing customized …yogic module (n = 30) for 5 days / week for 3 months (60 min daily in the morning) to observe anthropometric, physiological, cardiopulmonary and muscular endurance indices. RESULTS: After yogic practice, a significant reduction in body fat (p < 0.05) (%), heart rate (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), double product (p‹0.01) and rate pressure product (p < 0.05) were estimated. Significant improvement (p < 0.001) in vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec was also observed. Evaluation of hand grip strength, maximal oxygen consumption and physical work capacity showed significant increase (p < 0.01) after yogic intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A three-month customized yogic training improved resting physiological activities, cardiopulmonary functions, musculoskeletal strength and endurance fitness due to focused breathing, mindfulness meditation and by stretching-strengthening patterns for achieving recreational physical activity among female college students. Show more
Keywords: Female, sedentary behaviour, yoga, physical endurance, musculoskeletal development, respiratory function tests
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230200
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Depreli, Özde | Topçu, Zehra Güçhan | Tomaç, Hayriye
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate arrangement of classroom ergonomics is necessary for maintaining health and improving academic performance, learning, and motivation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the anthropometric measurements and ergonomic risk levels of students during a handwriting activity on a fixed desk and chair and to analyze the mismatch and relationships between these factors. METHODS: This study included 149 university students (female:73, male:76). Anthropometric measurements (lower and upper extremity length, shoulder height, elbow-rest height, hip-popliteal length, popliteal height, knee height, the distance between tragus and wall, and between acromion and wall) were done with a …tape measure. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool was conducted to determine the ergonomic risk level while students wrote a standard text on a fixed desk and chair as if they were taking notes in the classroom. The mismatch was evaluated between backrest height and sitting shoulder height, seat height, and popliteal height. The Pearson Chi-Square and the Spearman Correlation test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The median values of the participants’ age, height, weight, and BMI were 22 years, 1.70 m, 68 kg, and 23.18 kg/cm2 , respectively. Most students had inadequate ergonomic posture while writing on fixed furniture at the university (Median RULA grand score: 4). More mismatches for seat height (54.4%) were found in high ergonomic risk levels but mismatches for backrest height did not follow a similar result. CONCLUSIONS: More investigation should be conducted with prospective studies including interventions like adjustable furniture. Show more
Keywords: Ergonomics, university, students, anthropometry, furniture, handwriting
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230590
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Mokhtarinia, Hamidreza | Alimohammadi, Bahar | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen | Torabi-Gudarzi, Salman | Soltanzadeh, Ahmad | Nikbakht, Neda
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) is a multi-factorial disorder in most occupational setting and it has increased significantly in recent years. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical, cognitive, and environmental factors of ergonomics with the prevalence of WRMSDs in a car-parts manufacturing industry METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed among 220 workers in a milling unit of a car parts manufacturing company in 2021-2022. The prevalence of WRMSDs was assessed using the Extended Version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Noise exposure was evaluated using dosimetry method. Mental and physical …workload were evaluated by the NASA-TLX and key index methods (KIM-MHO and KIM-LHC), respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: The subjects’ mean age and work experience were 36.3±6.5 and 8.35±6.41 years, respectively. Eighty-five percent of the subjects reported WRMSDs in at least one area of the body. The results of mental workload assessment revealed a high workload mean range (73.23±14.89) in all of the subjects. Mean score of KIM-LHC and KIM-MHO were 738.18±336.42 and 201.86±36.41, respectively with odds ratio of 1.32 for KIM-LHC in creating the WRMSDs. There was a significant relationship between the noise exposure, mental and physical workload and the prevalence of WRMSDs (p -value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that environmental, physical and cognitive factors can simultaneously be effective in the prevalence of WRMSDs. Therefore, performing effective control measures requires comprehensive attention to physical, environmental, and cognitive ergonomics in the algorithm of ergonomics management in the workplace. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, noise exposure, ergonomic risk factor, mental workload, physical workload
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230155
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Alam, Beenish Fatima | Abbasi, Nabeela | Han, Bing | Fahim, Faisal | Ali, Muhammad Iftikhar | Mehmood, Muhammad Awais
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted the teaching in most of the educational institutes worldwide. It has tested the readiness of educational institutes in their ability to deal with crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the perception of health sciences faculty toward online education during the period of pandemic in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional research determined the perception using online survey which had been taken from the study conducted by Almahasees et al. Questions related to faculty’s perception regarding IT skills, online classes taking more effort than on-campus learning, online platforms having adequate …tools to facilitate teaching. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Statistical tests comprised of descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Walli’s test. RESULTS: From a total of 318 participants, there were 234 females and 84 males. A statistically significant association was identified between field of specialization and competency to teach online (p = 0.022). Faculty stated that more efforts were required to teach online (p < 0.001). Most of the tutors reported virtual sessions helped improved the interaction with their students (p < 0.001). Most of the time faculty had to prompt students to complete their assignments on time (p < 0.001). Many of the faculty members disagreed that delivering virtual sessions from home was quite ineffective (p = 0.221) and reported experiencing distractions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that online learning proved less effective than face-to-face learning. The main drawback of distance learning was the lack of teacher-student interaction. Online learning promotes student-centered learning and could be applied in situations of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare faculty, online education, experience, pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230248
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Ruthuvalan, Varalakshmi | Raja, Sakthi | Jayaraj, Vanitha | Sridhar, Swathi | Kothandaraman, Muthulakshmi | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive fear, worry and behavioral disturbances define anxiety, with particular significance attributed to vagal nerve, a crucial transmitter of information to the brain regions governing anxiety. Highlighting the importance of vagal nerve, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) emerges as a tolerable and safe technique. The success of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in alleviating anxiety underscores the pivotal role of the vagal nerve. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in mitigating anxiety among retired teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the relevance of targeting the vagal nerve …for improved mental well-being. METHODS: 60 retired teachers diagnosed with anxiety were chosen through random allocation. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A (Experimental group) received transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS), and Group B (Control group) underwent the Jacobson relaxation technique. Intervention period spanned 4 weeks, with four sessions per week, lasting 30 minutes. The outcome measures included Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire and salivary cortisol levels. RESULTS: Following the 4-week intervention, both groups exhibited a significant reduction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores and salivary cortisol levels (P < 0.001). Notably, Group A demonstrated a significantly higher effectiveness rate compared to Group B. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) is effective in reducing anxiety among retired teachers. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) proves to be a powerful and effective intervention in alleviating anxiety among retired teachers, emphasizing its potential significance in enhancing mental well-being. Show more
Keywords: Anxiety, vagal nerve stimulation, COVID-19 Pandemic, transcutaneous, autonomic nervous system, salivary cortisol, Generalized AnxietyDisorder-7 (GAD-7)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230356
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Gülşah, Barğı | Suner-Keklik, Sinem
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity and inactivity-related health problems have deepened in many individuals, including office workers. It is not yet known whether there are exercise programs through telerehabilitation that will provide rapid relief in a short time in office workers who apply part or full-time teleworking system. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively investigate influences of short-term upper extremity exercise trainings (UEET) on pain, musculoskeletal discomforts (MSD), physical activity (PA), mood, and quality of life (QOL) in office workers during COVID-19 restrictions. METHODS: Thirty office workers were divided into exercise (EG) (UEET and walking advice) and control …(CG) (walking advice) groups. The UEET was applied for at least 20–40 minutes/day, 5–7 days/week for a one week between February 2022 and June 2022. Office workers’ pain, MSD, PA level, mood and QOL were measured. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of groups (EG: 37.8±7.04 years, CG: 41.6±7.97 years) were similar (p > 0.05). Following UEET, scores of office workers in EG on total step count, vigorous PA, moderate-intensity PA, walking, total PA, physical functioning, and body pain subscales of QOL significantly increased compared to scores of office workers in CG, while scores on neck, back and hip discomforts and anxiety and depression significantly decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One-week UEET and walking advice can improve office workers’ daily step counts, MSD, PA levels, mood, and QOL. Office workers who have a busy work schedule may do these UEET and walking exercises in break times to relieve perception of discomfort. Show more
Keywords: Exercise, occupational groups, pain, quality of life, telerehabilitation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230190
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Salmani, Roghayeh | Rezakhani moghaddam, Hamed | Mousazadeh, Yalda
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the changing environment and responding to the needs of the society, change in the traditional education system is inevitable. Also, the occurrence of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic showed that the existence of a virtual education system to prevent the cessation of education is the need of today’s society. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the students’ experiences of virtual education in Iranian universities of medical sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted on 28 students studying in Iranian universities of medical …sciences from October 2021 to January 2022 to investigate their experiences of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. An interpretive phenomenological approach and semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interview were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by Colizzi’s seven-step method. RESULTS: Students’ experiences of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic were categorized into three themes and seven sub-themes, including the strengths of virtual education (sub-themes: individual and educational dimensions), the weaknesses of virtual education (sub-themes: infrastructural, educational, tests and assignments fields), and suggestions to improve education virtual (sub-themes: infrastructural development and educational planning). CONCLUSION: According to the study results, the virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic led to students staying away from the crowded centers. However, some weaknesses were also mentioned by the participants. Therefore, by anticipating requirements and needs, planning and policy making, and seriously reviewing human, financial, and support resources, virtual education can be developed and used as a supplement to face-to-face education in the future. Show more
Keywords: Covid-19, qualitative study, phenomenology, student, virtual education
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230328
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Aras, Fatih Mehmet | Gümüşsoy, Süreyya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, pre-hospital emergency healthcare workers (PHEHW) assumed critical responsibilities in controlling and preventing the spread of the virus. OBJECTIVE: This descriptive study aimed to explore the emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave among PHEHW during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study was conducted with 401 emergency medical technicians and paramedics. The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Emotional Burnout Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Intention to Leave the Profession Scale were used to collect data. The findings were assessed with a significance level set at …p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The participants demonstrated moderate scores in emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the profession. The analysis revealed a negative correlation, indicating that as emotional burnout increased, job satisfaction decreased, and the intention to leave the profession heightened. Notably, the participants who had 6–9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, underwent COVID-19 testing, and experienced the loss of a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 exhibited higher levels of burnout. Furthermore, those who had 6–9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, and lost a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 reported lower levels of job satisfaction. Additionally, participants who had 6-9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, and experienced the loss of a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 displayed a greater intention to leave the profession. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to implement improvement initiatives that will increase the motivation and job satisfaction of PHEHW. These include the regulation of working hours and shifts, augmenting staff numbers, enhancing working conditions, improving salaries, and implementing strategies aimed at fostering motivation and job satisfaction. Show more
Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, pre-hospital emergency healthcare workers, emotional burnout, job satisfaction, intention to leave the profession
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230589
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Syed, Robayet Ferdous
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the pandemic is nearing its end, the question of whether COVID-19 infection will be considered a work-related or occupational disease remains a legal issue. Therefore, this study aims to provide clarification on this matter. OBJECTIVES: Since the International Labour Organization (ILO) serves as the primary authority on work-related matters, this study is focused on analyzing the ILO’s policies regarding the acknowledgment of COVID-19 infections as occupational diseases. It also investigates how States can recognize COVID-19 as such a disease while delving into the connection between the disease or injury and the occupation itself. METHODOLOGY: …This study utilizes a doctrinal methodology, focusing on legal research. This approach employs an applied (expository) research method and discusses the topic from a professional constituency perspective, as proposed by Arthurs in 1983. RESULT: The findings indicate that the ILO does not explicitly mention the pandemic or COVID-19 infection as an occupational disease in its list. However, it does include “infectious-related diseases” or “work that carries a particular risk of contamination” as occupational or work-related diseases, which can logically be interpreted as encompassing COVID-19 infection as an occupational or work-related disease. RECOMMENDATION: As the ILO sets guiding principles for its member States, this study recommends that the ILO should establish clear and comprehensive guidelines for member States to recognize COVID-19 infections or any future pandemics as occupational diseases. CONCLUSION: This study will serve as a valuable resource for policymakers who intend to enact or amend national legislation to align with the ILO. Furthermore, it will assist relevant stakeholders in taking necessary actions based on the study’s findings. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, infection, occupational disease, condition to consider occupational disease, course of employment, ILO
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230287
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Garcês, Caroline Pereira | Soares, Camila Faleiros Veloso | Sisconeto, Tássia Magnabosco | Martins, Guilherme Cabral Borges | Dias, Marina Abreu | Vivenzio, Rafaella Andrade | Moreira, Thiago Ferreira | Camargo, Yanne da Silva | Crispim, Cibele Aparecida | Balieiro, Laura Cristina Tibiletti | Cheik, Nadia Carla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions had to swiftly adapt and transition to remote teaching in order to maintain academic activities. However, these changes presented a number of challenges for professors, which could have negative effects on their health. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between changes in dietary and sleep habits, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior with the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Brazilian higher education professors during the pandemic period. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted using an online form. Generalized linear models, adjusted for age, sex, …and body mass index, were used to verify the difference between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Logistic regression models were used to predict the odds ratio (OR) for the development of NCDs according to physical activity time, sedentary behavior time, dietary and sleep patterns. RESULTS A total of 936 professors residing across Brazil participated in the survey. The duration of sedentary behavior increased, sleep duration slightly decreased, and meal times shifted to earlier during the pandemic. A total of 22.9%of the participants reported the diagnosis of some NCDs during this period. Physical activity practice was associated with a lower risk of diseases during the pandemic, regardless of the intensity performed. On the other hand, late eating habits and excessive food consumption during the pandemic were associated with a higher risk. CONCLUSION The results provide data that can help in the development of public policies that promote health actions to minimize the consequences associated with the pandemic period. Show more
Keywords: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, feeding behavior, chrononutrition, university professor, Coronavirus
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230518
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: dos Santos, Raquel Marreiro | Minghelli, Beatriz
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Playing guitar involves several physical demands, most inclusive of which are long hours of practice, which can make musculoskeletal symptoms common. OBJETIVE: To determine the epidemiology of neuromuscular injuries in guitar players residing in Portugal and risk factors. METHODS: The sample consisted of 105 guitar players, being 103 (98.10%) men, aged between 30–75 years (29,83±10,23). The measurement instrument used was a digital survey, shared by email, on social networks and in person. RESULTS: Fifty-six (53.30%) guitar players had injuries throughout their musical practice, totaling 132 injuries, 13 (12.40%) guitar players were injured at …the time of assessment and 31 (29.5%) guitar players had injuries in the last 12 months, totaling 63 injuries. The value of injury proportion was 0.29 (CI 95% : 0.14–0.44) and the injury rate was 0.42 injuries per 1,000 hours of music practice. The most common types of injury were: tendinopathy (22; 34.92%) and low back pain (9; 14.29%). The most affected anatomical sites were: wrist (18; 28.57%) and lumbar spine (10; 15.87%). Repetitive movement was the injury mechanism most mentioned by guitar players (24; 35.29%) followed by maintaining postures for a prolonged period of time (15; 22.06%). Guitar players who did not warm up before practicing were 0.33 (CI: 0.13–0.79; p = 0.013) more likely to have an injury. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high percentage of injuries in guitar players and failure to warm up was a risk factor for the development of injuries. This type of study can help in creating injury prevention strategies in this type of population. Show more
Keywords: Injuries, guitar players, musicians, epidemiology, cross-section study, prevalence, neuromuscular
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230701
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Kernkraut, Ana Merzel | Diniz Nagem Janot de Matos, Luciana
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are the conditions that most contribute to incapacity worldwide. While many healthcare professionals adapt in dealing with various demands, others do not. How much of these conditions is associated with affective experience needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE: Assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress while investigating the relationship between the presence of positive and negative affect in healthcare professionals. METHODS: This study’s convenience sample consisted of 975 providers (including nursing, physicians, and multidisciplinary team) and administrative professionals (service and supervision teams) working at a general private hospital in Brazil. Data were collected …in 2019 through a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X). The results are shown through multinomial regression with odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P -value. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 49.4%, 46.1%, and 49.8%, respectively, showing high prevalence. It was observed that a high presence of negative affect is associated with a greater likelihood of developing anxiety, depression, and stress, while a high presence of positive affect is associated with a lower likelihood of depression and stress prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress in healthcare professionals is associated with the presence of negative affects. Mental disorders should be measured, and practices adopted to ensure well-being and job performance. Show more
Keywords: Anxiety, depression, stress, psychological, affect, health personnel, dyssomnia, musculoskeletal pain, headache
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230257
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Chin, Tay Lee | Chee, Tay Lee
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many organizations around the world have prudently adopted corporate environmental citizenship. However, the corporate environmental citizenship implementation may vary from reality. Thus, this study examines corporate environmental citizenship to identify ultimate practices to create a strong premise of CEC. OBJECTIVE: The study examines the influence of organizational learning capability, organization age on corporate environmental citizenship. METHODS: The data were collected from 50 Malaysian construction firms using the survey questionnaire and analyzed by using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). RESULTS: The finding revealed that organizational learning capability positively related to corporate environmental …citizenship. Organization age was not found to moderate such relationships. CONCLUSION: This study establishes that organizational learning capability encourages construction firms to take risks and explore new opportunities are essential for corporate environmental citizenship implementation. This study highlights the role of organizational learning capability to achieve corporate environmental citizenship irrespective of their organization age for construction firms. This study confirms the logic of Natural Resource Based View (NRBV) theory for predicting organizational learning capability as a critical foundation to build corporate environmental citizenship. Show more
Keywords: Organizational learning capability, corporate environmental citizenship, organization age, socioemotional selectivity theory, natural resource-based view theory, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230751
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Genc, Ezgi | Bulut, Irem
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are being uses more often with cancer patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate attitudes, use and influencing factors of CAM among cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 cancer patients in Turkey. The study was conducted during July-September 2021 using a Questionnaire that included a Complementary, Alternative and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale (CACMAS). Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and logistic regression were all utilized. RESULTS: The findings revealed that 76.2% of the participants …stated that they used CAM methods while undergoing cancer treatment, and 65.2% of those who did so kept from sharing this information to medical professionals. Phytotherapy was the most common CAM method used by patients. The use of CAM was found to be significantly higher among those who were 55–64 years of age, married, secondary school graduates, non-smokers, CAM users before their cancer diagnosis, and who had a family history of cancer (p < 0.05). The participants’ average CACMAS scores were 112.20±16.53. Among those who used CAM during treatment, non-smoking, overweight-obese participants had higher CACMAS scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Due to the high prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients and possible interaction effects with chemotherapy medications, it is important for healthcare professionals to assess and educate cancer patients regarding CAM use. Additional research is needed to determine potential interactions, as well as pros and cons of CAM use during cancer treatment. Show more
Keywords: Attitude, complementary therapies, COVID-19, neoplasms, patients, phytotherapy, traditional medicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230195
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Lindholm, Maria | Reiman, Arto | Tappura, Sari
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work itself and occupational health and safety (OHS) have evolved through industrial revolutions and will also continue to evolve in the future. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative literature review was to examine how the scientific discussion on new and emerging risks (NERs) related to OHS has evolved in recent decades in developed and newly industrialized countries. METHODS: A search of the Scopus database yielded 34 articles published before 2000 and from 2020 onwards. RESULTS: A review of the articles identified NERs themes related to changes in work patterns, changing workforce and growth …in some sectors, climate change, new materials or increased use of materials, new technology and technological development, and viruses. In both article collection periods, possible adverse OHS effects discussed included musculoskeletal disorders, exposure to toxic agents, chemical compounds and hazardous materials, increased stress, increased likelihood of errors and accidents, psychosocial problems, mental fatigue, and increases in work-related illnesses and accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The articles published during both periods discussed similar themes. The main differences were regarding specific time-related cases, such as climate change and COVID-19. Based on the findings of this review, points to consider in OHS management and future studies are discussed. Show more
Keywords: Change, climate change, human factors and ergonomics, materials, technology, viruses
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230005
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Topçu, Sevcan | Emlek Sert, Zuhal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among nursing students is an important strategy for both preventing infection and building public confidence in the vaccine. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the views of intern nursing students on the COVID-19 vaccine and to evaluate their experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit. METHODS: This was a phenomenological qualitative study with a descriptive design. The 46 intern nursing students included in this study were all trained in the COVID-19 vaccination unit. The data was collected at focus group interviews conducted during June …2021 and October 2021. RESULTS: The mean age of intern nursing students was 22.78±0.91. From the focus group interviews, two themes were identified regarding the views of intern nursing students on the COVID-19 vaccine and their experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit: Theme 1. Positive views; Theme 2. Negative views. Intern nursing students described that they trust the COVID-19 vaccine and believe in its protection. Intern nursing students who performed their clinical practices in COVID-19 vaccination unit stated that they realized their responsibilities toward patients and the community. CONCLUSIONS: From the INSs’ point of view, confidence in the vaccine, responsibility towards patients, their families and the community, and VU practice experience, the health risk associated with COVID-19 positively affected their decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The participation of intern nursing students in clinical practice during the pandemic influenced both intern nursing students and population in terms of the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, clinical experiences, clinical training, nursing students, pandemic, qualitative study, vaccination
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220655
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Feyzi, Masoud | Navid, Hossein | Castellucci, Héctor Ignacio | Dianat, Iman
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The dimensional seat design process should consider both the users’ tasks and their physical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To use an approach for the design and evaluation of seat dimensions based on the anthropometric characteristics of the Iranian population and the requirements of tractor operators. METHODS: Some existing equations relating the seat dimensions to anthropometric characteristics were modified according to logical justifications and international standards. A new mathematical-statistical method was used to extract the equations estimating the constant seat dimensions based on the theoretical maximizing of the accommodation level. In addition, an Overall Seat …Accommodation Score (OSAS) was developed to represent the mean of seat dimensions accommodation level and dimensional accommodation equality, simultaneously. RESULTS: The dimensional seat design can be affected under different conditions of adjustability, esthetic, and space limitations. However, it was shown that it is possible to improve the design of tractor seats without any significant increase in the final cost and complexity. CONCLUSION: A new approach was used for tractor seats for a sample of Iranian operators and can be used for the design and evaluation of tractor seats for other target populations. Show more
Keywords: Agricultural health, dimensional accommodation, ergonomics, seat design
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230605
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Mak, Susanne | Thomas, Aliki | Razack, Saleem | Root, Kelly | Hunt, Matthew
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health human resources are scarce worldwide. In occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), and speech-language pathology (S-LP), attrition and retention issues amplify this situation and contribute to the precarity of health systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenomena of attrition and retention with OTs, PTs and S-LPs who stayed in, or left their profession. METHODS: Cultural-historical activity theory provided the theoretical scaffolding for this interpretive description study. We used purposeful sampling (maximum variation approach) to recruit OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with 51 OTs, PTs, and S-LPs …from Quebec, Canada, in English or French (2019–2020). Inductive and deductive approaches, and constant comparative techniques were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Six themes were developed: 1) characteristics of work that made it meaningful; 2) aspects of work that practitioners appreciate; 3) factors of daily work that weigh on a practitioner; 4) factors that contribute to managing work; 5) relationships with different stakeholders that shape daily work; and 6) perceptions of the profession. Meaningfulness was tied to participants’ sense that their values were reflected in their work. Factors outside work shaped participants’ work experiences. Recurrent negative experiences led some to leave their profession. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore a critical need to address contributing factors to attrition and retention which are essential to ensuring the availability of OTs, PTs and SLPs for present and future rehabilitation needs. Show more
Keywords: Occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech-language pathology, career mobility, rehabilitation, qualitative research, health workforce
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230531
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Lauridsen, Jane | Hansen, Mette Lausten | Begtrup, Luise Mølenberg | Momsen, Anne-Mette Hedeager | Pedersen, Pernille | Thulstrup, Ane Marie | Maimburg, Rikke Damkjær
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk assessment and work adjustment according to EU legislation may safeguard pregnant employees and their offspring. Knowledge on management perspectives in relation to implementation of protective measures is limited. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to describe Danish hospital managers’ engagement in pregnancy policy and work adjustment for pregnant employees. The secondary aim was to investigate how managers’ characteristics and the setting affect engagement and behaviour. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of survey data from 212 managers. Outcomes were within dimensions of health promotion, pregnancy policy, work adjustment, collaboration, manager support, and …sick leave. Logistic and ordinal logistic regression models were applied to identify associations between background information and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the managers included, 84% arranged meetings and 76% conducted occupational risk assessment. Most managers (96%) engaged in dialogue with the employees before sick leave. Most managers felt competent in providing guidance for pregnant employees and 99% considered work adjustment important, mainly to safeguard mothers and children. The self-reported data showed positive associations between female managers and feeling competent to guide the employee. Further, management training was associated with meetings with pregnant employees. Seniority was associated with feeling competent to guide and dialogue. Midwifery support was associated with competence in guiding employees about risk factors. CONCLUSION: Work adjustment and risk assessment for pregnant employees are considered a priority by Danish hospital managers. Overall, managers feel competent guiding pregnant employees. However, managers experience midwifery support beneficial for the guidance of pregnant employees. Show more
Keywords: Financial management, hospital, occupational exposures, health-care personnel, maternal health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230458
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Liedberg, Gunilla M. | Björk, Mathilda | Coutu, Marie-France | Durand, Marie-José | Turesson, Christina
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A well-defined and clear procedure is a key factor supporting return-to-work and enhancing collaboration and understanding between employers and employees. The adaptation of the Tool for Support-Gradual Return to Work, TS-GRTW, addresses relevant cultural aspects valuable for wider adoption. OBJECTIVE: develop a Swedish version, the GRTWswe, for implementation and integration into the Swedish labor market’s RTW process. This involved translating, culturally adapting, and assessing the appropriateness and utility. METHODS: In the initial step, a double back translation was performed to create an initial translated version. This version was then utilized in individual consultations, accompanied by …an agreement questionnaire. For the subsequent step, group consultations were held to refine and customize the tool to suit the Swedish context. Ten occupational therapists completed the questionnaires, with mean agreement scores surpassing three on a four-point scale. Out of these, nine participated in group consultations. RESULTS: The findings suggest the requirement for specific modifications to the GRTWswe. These adaptations are essential because of cultural differences in organizational structures and reference frameworks. Moreover, participants unanimously agreed to broaden the scope of target groups, encompassing employees without regard for diagnosis and expanding the range of professions that can utilize this tool. This step aims to enhance the tool’s applicability and usefulness. CONCLUSIONS: The study found strong alignment between questionnaire responses and group consultations outcomes, affirming the adapted tool’s suitability for use in a Swedish context. The tool benefits employers and employees by enhancing communication, encouraging collaboration, and structuring processes, promising lasting improvements to work conditions. Show more
Keywords: Return-to-work, vocational rehabilitation, chronic pain, instrument development, cross cultural comparison, occupational therapist
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230665
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Myles, Louise | Massy-Westropp, Nicola | Barnett, Fiona
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable assessment of hand function. Interpretation of HGS is commonly done using normative data. Normative HGS data HGS considers the influence of age and gender without adjustment for anthropometric measurements or functional factors known to influence HGS. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential relationship of select anthropometric measurements (height, weight, hand length and width, forearm length and circumference) and functional factors (hand dominance, work and lifestyle category) to HGS. METHODS: This study included a sample of 119 males and 96 female workers from North Queensland. HGS and six anthropometric measurements were …obtained using calibrated instruments and reliable measurement protocols. Age and gender along with three functional factors were documented by self-report. RESULTS: Right and left mean HGS was greater for individuals who performed heavy/very heavy work (58.1±10.1 kg and 54.1±10.9 kg respectively) compared to light (38.5±12.3 kg and 35.5±11.8 kg) or medium work (44.1±10.8 kg and 40.0±12.9 kg). Mean HGS was greater for individuals who performed heavy/very heavy activity (right 48.5±13.6 kg and left 44.5±13.7 kg) compared to light activity (right 36.3±11.2 kg and left 33.9±11.3 kg) within their lifestyle. HGS positively correlated with gender (p = 0.0001), work (p = 0.001) and anthropometric measurements of forearm circumference (p = 0.001), hand length (p = 0.006) and hand width (p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Easy to measure anthropometric measurements of forearm circumference, hand length and width are the strongest predictors of HGS in addition to an individual’s physical activity at work and in their lifestyle. Consideration of these factors could lead to improved evaluation of HGS scores. Show more
Keywords: Key words: Hand grip strength, JAMAR dynamometer, normative data, hand anthropometry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230519
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Devoy, Róisín | Maguire, Rebecca
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing levels of distress and barriers to healthcare have coincided with increasing use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). While mindfulness and movement interventions may improve wellbeing, little research has compared the effectiveness of these two approaches. OBJECTIVE: This single intervention study aimed to (1) explore the effects of two brief, online, self-administered mindfulness and movement interventions on affect and vitality, and (2) establish whether changes in affect and vitality could be predicted by age, gender, general distress, previous CAM experience and enjoyment of the intervention. METHODS: Participants (n = 62) were randomly allocated to follow …a brief online mindfulness or movement intervention. Levels of affect (using PANAS) and subjective vitality (using the Subjective Vitality Scale) were measured pre and post intervention. Demographics, experience with CAM and general distress (using the DASS-21) were collected pre intervention, while level of enjoyment (using the ENJOY scale) was measured post intervention. Open-text responses gathered qualitative data on participant experience. RESULTS: Participants completing the mindfulness intervention reported increased vitality and decreased positive and negative affect. Those completing the movement intervention reported increased vitality and positive affect and decreased negative affect. Higher DASS-21 levels were predictive of greater reductions in negative affect. Higher levels of enjoyment were predictive of greater increases in positive affect and vitality. CONCLUSIONS: Differences between mindfulness and movement interventions may indicate that they could have targeted applications. While further research is necessary, these brief, online interventions may provide a sustainable, accessible self-management and wellbeing intervention. Show more
Keywords: Mindfulness, movement, online intervention, health, affect, psychology, mental health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230650
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Bianchi, Renzo | Swingler, Gail | Schonfeld, Irvin Sam
Article Type: Article Commentary
Abstract: For decades, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been regarded as the “gold standard” for the assessment of burnout. The present paper demonstrates that the MBI fails to measure the construct it is purported to measure. On a deeper level, the problems affecting the MBI question the very idea of burnout. These problems may be unsurprising in light of the genesis of the burnout construct. Burnout emerged in the mid-1970s as a largely predefined entity. Burnout’s definition was not predicated on robust empirical investigations or sound theorizing, nor was it anchored in a systematic review of the literature on stress …and health. Interestingly, other measures deemed to assess burnout, such as the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, similarly fail to measure what they are claimed to measure. Despite far-reaching implications for our ability to study and promote occupational health, the flaws that undermine the conceptualization and measurement of burnout remain widely underappreciated. We hope this paper will help raise awareness of these flaws and correct current practices in research on job-related distress. Alternatives to burnout do exist and may enable us to support our workforce more effectively. Show more
Keywords: Burnout, construct validity, diagnosis, job stress, measurement, occupational health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240095
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-3, 2024
Authors: Yigitbas, Cagla | Ozcan, Handan | Elkoca, Ayse
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: When faced with a health crisis, most people tend to seek solutions through modern or traditional medicine. However, there is a group of people who tend to take a fatalistic approach to health crises and tend not to do what is necessary. When such approaches are exhibited in disadvantaged groups, there may be a chain reaction resulting in much more important problems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether the fatalistic approach is realized during a health crisis period in people 65 years and older, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases, and healthcare workers …who are considered disadvantaged. Researchers also examined whether there were sociodemographic characteristics that made a difference in these attitudes among those who were determined to have a fatalistic approach. METHODS: The research was conducted with a quantitative method. The sample calculation was performed and it was decided to reach 196 people. A self-report scale was used for fatalism. RESULTS: It was determined that the participants had a moderate level of fatalism. It was seen that there was a difference between the groups in terms of fatalistic behavior. It was observed that women, divorced people, people without alcohol and smoking habits, people who live alone, and people who think their health is poor tend to behave more fatalistic. CONCLUSION: The tendency to show fatalistic behavior was found to be higher in the group of 65 years and older. Sociodemographic characteristics are associated with fatalistic behavior. Show more
Keywords: Fatalistic tendency, health crisis, health protection, risk groups
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230259
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Yaqian, Zhang | Chonggao, Wang | Fan, Zhang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 poses great challenges for preschool teachers in China, which will increase the level of job stress and job burnout, and have an impact on the relationship between job stress, job burnout, and perceived organizational support (POS). However, few studies have examined trilateral relationships, especially the role of POS concerning job stress and job burnout of preschool teachers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the three variables of job burnout, job stress, and POS, as well as explore the moderating effects of POS between job stress and job burnout. METHODS: …A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool teachers in six provinces of China. A total of 408 preschool teachers completed a self-report questionnaire, including three scales that measured job burnout, job stress, and POS respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship among variables. RESULTS: The results showed that job burnout among Chinese preschool teachers was at a medium level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job stress was positively related to job burnout, and the POS was negatively related to job burnout. Additionally, POS moderated the relationship between job stress and job burnout and alleviated the adverse effects of job stress on the job burnout of preschool teachers. CONCLUSION: POS can play a moderating role between job stress and job burnout of Chinese preschool teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Job burnout, perceived organizational support (POS), job stress, moderating effect, preschool teachers, the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230151
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Kusumoto, Yasuaki | Takahashi, Eri | Endo, Yasuhiro | Asao, Akihiko | Tanaka, Yoshinobu | Okazaki, Kanako | Yokozuka, Mieko | Omata, Junichi | Yabuki, Shoji | Kanzaki, Hideto
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Backpack syndrome (BS) is a term used to describe symptoms such as shoulder and back pain that are believed to be caused by carrying a backpack. Few studies have investigated the changes in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the differences in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks in primary school children with and without BS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 51 children (average age 9.3 years, 6– 12 years). Two questions were asked beforehand: whether the respondents had shoulder or back pain when …going to school and present; those who answered that they had pain in both cases were defined as the BS group, while the others were the control group. Walking and running at comfortable speeds and walking and running with a 6 kg backpack on their backs were measured. RESULTS: During walking, there were main effects for speed, cadence, and strike angle with and without the backpack, but no interactions were identified for any of the parameters. In running, however, there were main effects for speed, stride length, strike angle, and lift-off angle, and an interaction effect was observed for speed and stride length. CONCLUSIONS: During walking, carrying a 6 kg backpack increased cadence and walking speed. During running, carrying a backpack caused a decrease in stride length and running speed in the BS group, whereas there was no change in the control group, suggesting that the control and BS groups may respond differently. Show more
Keywords: Backpack, walking, running, elementary school students, shoulder pain, back pain, backpack syndrome
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240111
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Farnese, Maria Luisa | Scafuri Kovalchuk, Liliya | Cova, Eleonora
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature acknowledges that when there is a failure of expectations in the organization-employee relationship, namely the Psychological Contract Breach, it can potentially contribute to deviant behavior such as Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). A justice perspective helps to disentangle this link by suggesting that unethical behaviors may represent the revenge response to perceived organizational unfairness. OBJECTIVE: To gain a more granular understanding of the pathway from Psychological Contract Breach to CWB, this study explores the mediating role of negative emotions in eliciting CWB. It also proposes that the mechanism of moral disengagement helps to deactivate …self-sanctioning processes, allowing individuals to engage in deviant behaviors. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed, and conditional process analysis was conducted on a sample of 635 Italian police officer cadets, who were entering the prison system, a context highly susceptible to a failure of expectations and where, at the same time, counteracting unethical behaviors is a key issue. RESULTS: The results supported the tested model, highlighting the mediator role of Job-Related Negative Emotions in the Psychological Contract Breach–CWB relationship and their interaction with Moral Disengagement in shaping CWB. CONCLUSIONS: By examining the interplay between affective and cognitive components, the study provides valuable insights into the underlying processes involved in the relationship between failure in expectancies and deviant behavior. From a managerial perspective, the findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing fairness within organizations through balanced mutual obligations, and raising awareness of moral regulation mechanisms that may shape deviant behaviors. Show more
Keywords: Counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWB), psychological contract breach, job-related negative emotions, moral disengagement, correctional officers, unethical behavior
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230550
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Segal, Addie | Doyle, Nancy W.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the evolving digital revolution, technology and digital tools are becoming inseparable from work and daily occupations. Occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) focus on supporting individuals in their desired and needed activities. Many of these daily activities (i.e., online banking, shopping, social media, smartphone use) require digital skills at a growing rate, and insufficient technological skills may subject individuals to limited engagement and social isolation. OBJECTIVE: To understand OTPs attitudes regarding technology utilization. METHODS: We surveyed 109 OTPs about their attitudes, work practices, and barriers to addressing their clients’ digital technological functioning. …RESULTS: The findings of our study suggest that while OTPs acknowledge the importance and potential benefit of technology for their clients, there is a notable professional gap in the training and skills of OTPs to support their clients’ digital functioning effectively and to integrate technology into their practice. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve and expand OTP’s digital skills and knowledge regarding addressing clients’ digital functioning and technology implementation in occupational therapy practice. Show more
Keywords: Occupational therapy, work, technology, computer literacy, professional competence, competency-based education, professional practice
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230654
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Miyahara, Tomoko | Nakajima, Yuya | Naya, Atsuo | Shimizu, Daisuke | Tanemura, Rumi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Employment for people with brain injuries is challenging, and identifying the factors that can be improved by rehabilitation and establishing appropriate intervention methods are imperative. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether differences in cognitive functions and self-regulation skills exist between employed and non-employed people with brain injuries. In addition, we explored the self-regulation skills characteristic of employed people by qualitatively comparing them to those of non-employed people. METHODS: Using a mixed research method, demographic data, neuropsychological tests, self-efficacy, and self-regulation skills were compared between 38 people with brain injuries (16 employed and 22 unemployed) in the community. …Subsequently, self-regulation skills were assessed by the Self-Regulation Skills Interview (SRSI), and participants’ responses were qualitatively compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in demographic data and neuropsychological tests, but employed people showed significantly better SRSI scores than unemployed people (p < 0.01). The qualitative analysis of the SRSI showed that employed people recognised themselves as having more specific symptoms than unemployed people. For example, they recognised the behaviour ‘when having more than one errand, forgetting it’, whereas non-employed people only recognised the category ‘failure of prospective memory’. Furthermore, employed people reviewed their behaviour and developed ingenious coping strategies, such as ‘looking back on appointments that have been made’, ‘writing down as soon as having a schedule’, whereas unemployed people only exhibited categories such as ‘writing schedules on the cell phone’. CONCLUSIONS: Self-regulation skills, such as recognising specific symptoms and developing relevant coping strategies, are effective for gaining employment. Show more
Keywords: Metacognition, vocational rehabilitation, coping strategies, coping behaviour, qualitative study, brain injury
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230342
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Boets, Isabelle | Luyten, Steven | Vandenbroeck, Sofie | Godderis, Lode
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long term sick leave (SL) is increasing in Europe, several countries have legislative initiatives to reduce long-term absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of a legally defined return-to-work (RTW) trajectory on the RTW of employees on sick leave in Belgium. METHODS: This was a retrospective register-based cohort study of employees (n = 1416) who followed an RTW trajectory in 2017. We linked workers’ data from a prevention service with social security data. By multinomial logistic regression, we analysed which characteristics predicted the RTW with the same or another employer. RESULTS: One year after their …RTW trajectory, 69.2% of the 1416 employees did not RTW; 10.7% returned to work with the same employer and 20.1% with a new employer. Duration of SL was an important predictor for the RTW with both the same employer and another employer. The odds of RTW were lower when the SL duration was > 6 months compared to < 6 months. Marital status, organization-size, and the occupational physician decision had a significant impact on the RTW with the same employer. Age and who initiated the RTW-trajectory were important predictors on the RTW with another employer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 30.8% of employees returned to work after their RTW trajectory. A one-size-fits-all approach is not recommended. A stepped approach with an early, informal start of the RTW process is advised. When employees or employers fail to initiate the RTW on their own, a legally defined RTW trajectory could be useful. In particular, RTW with another employer seemed a positive effect of the RTW-trajectory. Show more
Keywords: Sick leave, return to work, retrospective study, occupational health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230412
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
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