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Price: EUR 250.00Authors: Al-Hourani, Zeid A. | Almhdawi, Khader A. | AlBakri, Isra A. | Alibrahim, Anas N. | Obeidat, Donia
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental team members are susceptible to high mental and physical stress levels, which could have increased during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate Jordanian dental workers’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and determine its predictors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted on dental team members, namely; Dentists, dental Assistants, and Dental Technicians. The survey questionnaire was composed of questions related to stress during COVID-19, a short-form survey of 12 items (SF-12), a Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), and a Nordic …musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire (NMQ). Descriptive analyses were used to describe the main outcome measures, and multiple variable regression analysis was conducted to identify the quality of life predictors. RESULTS: Participants’ HRQoL measured by SF-12 showed a mean±SD score of 67.1±17.19 for the physical component and 54.51±20.27 for the mental component. The Nordic scale showed symptoms of lower back pain as 63.9% over 12 months, 32% over 12 months’ functional limitation symptoms, and 45% in 7 days The regression model was found strong for our study with 53.8% variations (r2 = 0.538, F = 43.739, P < 0.001) in health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Our study concluded that the level of HRQoL among Jordanian dental specialists during COVID-19 was observed to impact levels of physical and mental well-being which negatively influence the quality of life. Predictive factors like depression, stress, anxiety, musculoskeletal health, and individual everyday quality of life significantly affect the HRQoL of dental specialists. Show more
Keywords: Epidemiology, Cross-sectional studies, humans, workers, quality of life, Health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220458
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Soeker, Mogammad Shaheed | Allie, Mishkah | Arend, Raeesa | Bell, Chelsea | Benjamin, Aqeeda | Cassiem, Tasneem
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The South African Labour Relations Act, specifically the Code of Good Practice (CGP) advocates against the discrimination and unfair dismissal of individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. However, little is known about the implementation of these national policies within the workplace, especially from the perspective of the employer rather than the employee. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of how human resource practitioners accommodate and support individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. METHOD: Eleven participants (Human Resource Professionals) participated in the study. The researchers …utilized semi-structured interviews where the data was analysed by means of thematic analysis to formulate themes. RESULTS: Three themes emerged depicting the participants’ experiences and perceptions of barriers and facilitators which influenced their return to work: The themes that emerged through thematic analysis consisted of 1) Challenges perceived by Human Resource personnel that influences work participation; 2) The influence that workplace accommodations and support structures have on the work participation; 3) The prevalence of policies and laws that are available in theworkplace. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted that Human Resource Professionals struggle to interpret and implement labor related polices that aid in employing individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. It is important to implement strategies that will assist Human Resource practitioners in understanding how to implement such policies to successfully accommodate individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. Show more
Keywords: Mental health illness, reasonable accommodation, work setting, enabler, barrier, accommodated and support
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220688
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Koyuncu, Aynur | Elagöz, İslam | Yava, Ayla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant increase in the use of latex gloves among nurses. However, concerns about the rise in latex allergies and related complaints due to this increase remain uncertain. OBJECTİVE: This study aims to assess the rates of latex glove usage and allergy-related complaints among nurses working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Between May 15 and June 15, 2021, ethical approvals were obtained for a cross-sectional study involving 448 volunteer nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to represent categorical values as counts (n) and …percentages (%), while continuous values were represented as mean±standard deviation. The normal distribution of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Comparative analyses were conducted using paired sample t -test, Pearson’s chi-squared (x2 ) test, McNemar’s chi-squared (x2 ) test, and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: Before the pandemic, the average number of invasive procedures was 45.13±26.48, whereas during the pandemic, this rate increased to 50.23±29.14. The average glove usage duration went from 7.69±3.13 hours to 14.73±3.68 hours during the pandemic. Among nurses, the rate of allergic symptoms, which was previously at 31.5%, rose to 33.3% during the pandemic. CONCLUSİON: This study revealed a significant increase in daily invasive procedures and the use of latex gloves among nurses during the pandemic period. Simultaneously, the frequency of allergic symptoms also rose. These findings underscore the importance of awareness and preventive measures, particularly regarding latex allergies, in the healthcare field. Show more
Keywords: Allergy, latex, latex gloves, rubber latex allergies, coronavirus, nursing
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230235
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Khanehshenas, Farin | Mazloumi, Adel | Nahvi, Ali | Nickabadi, Ahmad | Aghamalizadeh, Alireza | Keihani, Ahmadreza
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The transition from alertness to drowsiness can cause considerable changes in the respiratory system, providing an opportunity to detect driver drowsiness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which respiratory features indicate driver drowsiness and then use these features to classify the level of drowsiness and alertness. METHODS: Twenty male students (mean age 25.6±2.41 years) participated in the study using a driving simulator, and eight features, including expiration duration (ED), inspiration duration (ID), peak-to-peak amplitude (PA), inspiration-to-expiration time ratio (I/E ratio), driving, timing, respiration rate (RR), and yawning, were extracted …from the respiratory signal generated by abdominal motions using a belt equipped with a force sensor. RESULTS: All eight features were statistically significant at the significance level of 0.05. Drowsiness can be detected using respiratory features with 88% accuracy, 82% precision, 86% recall, and an 90% F1 score. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study may be useful in the development of driver drowsiness monitoring systems based on less intrusive respiratory signal analysis, particularly for specific process automation applications when vehicle control is not in the hands of the driver. Show more
Keywords: Respiratory rate, yawning, classification, sleepiness, diagnosis, traffic crashes
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230281
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Erol, Özgül | Küçükkaya, Burcu | Yenici, Ecehan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU) regarding the work-index-nursing work environment, the effect level ICU environment has on the nurses’ care behaviors and stress levels of the nurses should be determined. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the nurse manpower on care behaviours and stress level of the nurses working in the ICU. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample of the study consisted of 123 nurses working in the ICUs. The data were collected using the survey form, Distress Thermometer (DT), The Practice Work Environment Scale …of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and Caring Behaviors Scale-24 (CBS-24). RESULTS: The mean age of nurses in the ICU was 30.2±5.6 and the mean of working time in the intensive care unit of nurses in the ICU was 3.7±3.1 years. The mean of the DT was 4.8±3.4, and the mean score of PES-NWI was 2.6±1.0 and the mean score of CBS-24 was 4.7±1.1 in nurses in the ICU. The regression model which was studied to investigate the relationship between caring behaviors and stress and nurse manpower of nurses working in intensive care unit was significant. CONCLUSION: Care behaviors and stress levels of nurses working in intensive care units are negatively affected by insufficient nurse manpower. Show more
Keywords: Intensive care unit, nurse, nurse manpower, caring behaviors, stress
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220710
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vishnuram, Surya | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the working population especially among older adults, anxiety problems have grown dramatically. This element has a significant impact on employee absenteeism and problems with physical and mental health. It was widely known that security personnel had several physical and mental difficulties during their various work hours. It is important to investigate the effects of anxiety on them. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to provide insights into the prevalence of anxiety disorders and explore the correlations between anxiety symptoms, sleep, and memory during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: To conduct a cross-sectional study, 42 older adult …participants between the ages of sixty to seventy years were chosen and the procedure was explained.Data were gathered by giving instructions on how to complete the self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment -7 (GAD-7), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the revised Everyday Memory Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 36 out of 42 participants (85.71%) experienced moderate to severe anxiety. Anxiety and sleep had a correlation of 0.8, while anxiety and memory had a correlation of 0.87 with a positive EMQ-R relationship. Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between sleep and memory, with a positive correlation of 0.73. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that, there is a substantial prevalence of anxiety accompanied by notable insomnia and memory problems in elderly security officers. Our findings indicate a clear relationship between sleep disturbances, memory issues, and most prevalent anxiety symptoms. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating mental health assessments and addressing an effective treatment for anxiety. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, general anxiety disorder, epworth sleepiness scale, everyday memory questionnaire-revised, elderly, mental health, fear, cognitive impairment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230144
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Hsu, Chen-Yuan | Syue, Jia-Ci
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical medical staff should be aware of and examine the correlation between breastfeeding and neonatal hospitalization. Additional attention should be paid to work dilemmas experienced by the nursing staff caring for newborns to avoid exposing newborns to hospitalization risk. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the working dilemmas by neonatal nurses caring for breastfed newborns and risk of newborn hospitalization. METHODS: This hospital-based study in Taiwan surveyed 84 neonatal nurses using a structured questionnaire entitled “Working Dilemmas in Clinical Care for Breastfed Newborns.” RESULTS: Collected data were analyzed statistically (descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and …t test) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff noted that breastfed newborns showed a high risk of hospitalization and nursery staff highlighted a lack of manpower and time. NICU staff experienced more working dilemmas (117.460±12.260) than nursery staff (87.410±15.820) when caring for breastfed newborns (t = 1.080, P < 0.001). NICU staff reported a higher risk of hospitalization in breastfed newborns and experienced more working dilemmas caring for these patients compared with nursery staff, who reported a lack of manpower and time. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the working dilemmas by neonatal nurses and can serve as a foundation for further critical studies. Show more
Keywords: Dilemmas, breastfeeding, newborn hospitalization, neonatal nurses, working, care
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230249
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Li, Guang | Alam, Beenish Fatima | Bashir, Raima | Tarhini, Ali | Nayab, Talha | Sousa, Lindsey M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Problem-based learning (PBL), a student-centered approach which has been implemented in many educational institutes worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the proficiency of students in 5 key areas of PBL process and assess perceptions of students towards PBL learning using a self-explanatory questionnaire. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to September 2022 and evaluated perceptions of 1st year dental students of Batch 2021 (having Face-to-face PBL sessions) and batch 2020 (having online PBL sessions) using a questionnaire. Three similar PBL cases were used, which assessed PBL parameters that …included attendance, group dynamics, knowledge, communication skills and preparation. Statistical analysis was performed for all the categorical and continuous variables. RESULTS: Majority of Distance Learning (DL) group (66.7%) concurred that PBL helped improve their communication skills, decision making power (66.7%), self-directed learning (80%) and promoted interaction with peers (66.7) and teachers (68.9%). The Face –to- Face (FF) group demonstrated better scores (7.7±2.42 & 7.55±2.55) with respect to their attendance and group dynamics (7.44±2.17 & 8.02±2.40) in PBL 1 & 3 as compared to DL group. Overall, better performance in all the 5 key areas of PBL was observed for the FF group versus the DL group. CONCLUSION: The Distance learning (DL) group displayed a positive attitude and perception towards PBL as a learning strategy whereas Face-to-face (FF) group showed greater performance and proficiency in the key PBL parameters scores. Show more
Keywords: Problem-based-learning, conventional teaching, distance learning, coronavirus disease 2019
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220674
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Wu, Kevin A. | Anastasio, Albert T. | Kim, Joshua K. | Choudhury, Ankit | Adams, Samuel B.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused notable shifts in healthcare behavior, influenced by remote work policies. This study examines the impact of Work from Home (WFH) policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries, utilizing Google search trends. Understanding these trends is crucial for healthcare providers, enabling them to adapt services and communication to evolving patient needs during challenging times. OBJECTIVE: To comprehend variations in search volume and trends for ankle-related queries due to WFH policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Ankle-related terms accessible to laypersons were analyzed using Google Trends data from March 2018 to March …2022 in the United States. Data were divided into pre-pandemic (March 2018-March 2020) and post-pandemic (March 2020-March 2022) periods. Weekly search interest data for 20 terms were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test. The study aimed to identify significant changes in search interest, providing insights into public information-seeking behavior concerning ankle surgeries. RESULTS: Among the 20 terms analyzed, 11 exhibited significant changes. Ankle arthritis and ankle bursitis showed increased interest, suggesting heightened concern during the pandemic. Conversely, post-pandemic interest decreased for terms 9 terms, including ankle pain and ankle tendonitis, indicating reduced worry. Moderate declines were noted for ankle gout, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis, reflecting shifting patient priorities. Some terms, including ankle fracture and ankle arthroplasty, showed stable information-seeking behavior despite the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the nuanced impact of WFH policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries. Varied search trends highlight changing patient concerns. Healthcare providers can use these insights to tailor services effectively, meeting evolving patient needs and enhancing communication strategies. Show more
Keywords: Orthopaedic, ankle surgery, work from home, pandemic, COVID-19, telemedicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230621
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Jorgensen, Michael J. | Hafez, Khaled | Hakansson, Nils A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Lifting is a manual material handling (MMH) assessment method to identify weight limits that nearly all workers may be exposed to without developing work-related low back disorders (LBD). However, this assessment method only applies to lifting with the torso within 30° asymmetry of the sagittal plane. OBJECTIVE: Estimate TLV weight limits while lifting with torso asymmetry greater than 30° beyond the sagittal plane. METHODS: Lifting tasks were performed from various horizontal and vertical locations, at torso asymmetry angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, …45°, 60°, 75° and 90°, using ACGIH identified TLVs. Validated MMH assessment methods (NIOSH Lifting Equation, Ohio State University LBD Risk Model) were utilized to estimate TLVs at torso asymmetries greater than 30°. RESULTS: The current ACGIH TLVs resulted in low- to moderate-risk risk levels for torso asymmetries from 0° to 30°, and the risk incrementally increased as torso asymmetry increased to 90°. With the intention to keep the risk levels to that found at 30° torso asymmetry, lower TLV weight limits in the vertical and horizontal zones investigated were estimated for torso asymmetries from 45° to 90°. The resulting adjusted TLVs were consistent with weight limits identified for similar lifting conditions from other assessment methods that account for torso asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: This research found current ACGIH-defined TLVs possess less than high-risk for LBD, and provided guidance to practitioners for reduced TLVs when torso asymmetry is greater than 30° from the sagittal plane. Show more
Keywords: ACGIH TLV for lifting, manual materials handling, assessment method, torso asymmetry, NIOSH lifting equation, LBD risk model
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230405
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Çolakoğlu, Cavit | Öz, C. Selek | Toygar, A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work to develop a universal tool for the psychological evaluation and measurement of decent work is relatively new. In addition, the Decent Work Questionnaire, which evaluates decent work using a psychological approach, has not yet been adapted and validated in the Turkish sample group. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Turkish version of the Decent Work Questionnaire and to evaluate the effect of decent work on the job satisfaction among knowledge workers. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 906 knowledge workers. In the process of adapting and validating the Decent Work Questionnaire, the structural validity, …internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, and compatibility of the sample group data were tested. The effect of decent work on job satisfaction of knowledge workers was examined using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The Decent Work Questionnaire was validated in the Turkish sample. The results showed that the reliability coefficients and dimensions of the Decent Work Questionnaire were highly satisfactory and consistent with the scale developers’ study. According to another result of the study, decent work was found to have a significant and positive effect on Turkish knowledge workers’ job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This study will fill gaps in the literature and will also contribute to the evaluation of decent work in all areas of the labor market, identifying its shortcomings and contributing to the development of effective human resource policies. Show more
Keywords: Occupational health, job satisfaction, workplace stress, workload, psychometrics, surveys and questionnaires
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230279
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vishnuram, Surya | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been significantly impacted by the pandemic. Elderly health care workers carry out a variety of duties at work and have years of clinical expertise. Anxiety and insomnia are among the more commonly encountered problems in senior physicians and other geriatric medical professional populations. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on anxiety and sleep disturbances among geriatric medical professionals. METHOD: 42 Participants were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups using the closed envelope approach, …and they took part in therapy sessions lasting 30 minutes, three times per week for a period of four weeks. The Experimental group A received non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation(taVNS) and Control group A received Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique. RESULTS: With a p value of 0.001, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve (taVNS) stimulation significantly improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety after 4 weeks.The post-intervention assessment revealed a highly significant improvement in Group A, with a T value of 251 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that taVNS may be an effective intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep issues in geriatric medical professionals. These results contribute to the exploration of non-invasive strategies to enhance the well-being of healthcare professionals working in demanding environments. Show more
Keywords: General anxiety disorder, insomnia, elderly, health care workesrs, post COVID-19 pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-231362
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Fauser, David | Zimmer, Julia-Marie | Banaschak, Hannes | Golla, André | Sternberg, Annika | Mau, Wilfried | Bethge, Matthias
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Low back pain has a high economic burden in Germany due to back pain-related sick leave, disability pensions, and health care utilization. Work-related factors can predict disabling back pain. Job exposure matrices can be used to consider job demands and occupational characteristics in routine data analysis. OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal analysis tested whether rehabilitation utilization due to musculoskeletal disorders is associated with occupation-linked job exposures in employees with back pain. METHODS: Data from a German cohort study were used, including employees aged 45 to 59 years with self-reported back pain in the last three months. Individuals’ …job titles were assessed in the baseline survey in 2017 and matched with parameters of aggregated job exposure indices. Administrative data from the German Pension Insurance were used to extract information on rehabilitation utilization. Proportional hazard models tested the associations. RESULTS: We considered data of 6,569 participants (mean age: 52.3 years; 57.7% women). During follow-up, with a maximum of 21 months, 296 individuals (4.5%) utilized medical rehabilitation due to musculoskeletal disorders. Adjusted analyses showed that high physical (HR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.74; 4.75) and overall (HR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.44; 3.80) job exposures were associated with a higher risk of rehabilitation utilization. CONCLUSION: Individuals with back pain working in occupations with high physical job exposures have a higher risk for rehabilitation utilization. To prevent work disability in individuals with back pain, occupational groups with high physical job exposures should be actively informed about tailored intervention options. Show more
Keywords: Occupations, occupational exposure, occupational stress, working conditions, rehabilitation, registry data
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230410
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Silva Gomes, Virgınia | Cardoso Júnior, Moacyr Machado
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Situational awareness is the acquisition of information from elements present in the work environment, the perception of the meaning of this information, and the prediction of future working conditions. Sleepiness and fatigue can influence an individual’s ability to reach situation awareness, decision-making, and performance on a task. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines methods used to assess situational awareness, fatigue, sleepiness, and their interrelationships. METHODS A systematic search of online databases was conducted to identify experimental, peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2017 and 2022. A total of 29 publications were selected for analysis. …RESULTS: The selected studies originated from various countries, primarily in the northern hemisphere. Health and automotive engineering were the academic categories with the highest publications. The studies employed objective and subjective methods to assess situational awareness, fatigue, and sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies reported a decline in situational awareness during fatigue and sleepiness conditions, although one study did not find this association. Future research should focus on employing objective methods to analyze cognitive factors, increasing sample sizes, and conducting testing in real-world situations. Show more
Keywords: Awareness, sleepiness, fatigue, safety, ergonomics, decision making
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230115
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Haraldsson, Patrik | Nylander, Elisabeth | Jonker, Dirk | Ros, Axel | Josefsson, Kristina Areskoug
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational Health Service (OHS) is a service that should support employers and employees with their work environment. Previous research indicates the need for deeper knowledge about the effect of workplace interventions with a focus on planning, organizing and designing the workplace to improve work conditions in hospital settings. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the outcomes, workplace interventions and intervention strategies in hospital settings. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2021. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate …the quality of the included studies. Study results are presented through a narrative synthesis. A protocol for this study was registered on the Open Science Framework. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies, published between 2010 and 2021, were included. These included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and mixed methods reports with moderate to good quality. The results support the use of workplace interventions to improve work conditions, health, and well-being in hospital settings. Combinations of different interventions, tailored to the specific organization, were used. Important intervention strategies commonly used in the start-up, evaluation, and intervention of successful workplace interventions, were identified. Using a pragmatist complexity approach in workplace interventions can improve outcomes by providing clear intervention strategies and combinations of tailored interventions, related to context specific problems. CONCLUSION: OHS support in workplace interventions with clear intervention strategies will contribute to improve work conditions, health and well-being in hospital settings. Show more
Keywords: Health personnel, occupational health services, occupational health, health promotion, implementation science, working conditions
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230205
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Sondhof, Anke | Muschalla, Beate
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Critical life events affect personal and professional lives, change working conditions, and require specific coping strategies. Wisdom is a multidimensional capacity for coping with life problems. Since wisdom can best be investigated in relation to concrete settings and problems, we investigated research employees during a pandemic. Research employees are constantly occupied with uncertainty and problem-solving in their everyday work. Thus, they develop capacities for factual and problem-solving knowledge which can be applied in different situations. OBJECTIVE: This study examines to what extent which wisdom capacities are applied by research personnel when dealing with changed working …conditions. METHOD: During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in 2021, researchers were asked about work-related coping capacities in an online survey. The qualitative content analysis of the free-text responses of 131 research employees was based on a multidimensional wisdom model with 12 wisdom capacities. RESULTS: 50% of the reported coping strategies referred to factual and problem-solving capacities, 40% to interpersonal or emotional capacities, 10% did not reflect any wisdom capacity. Associations between wise coping capacities, social behavior at work, and eudaimonic well-being emerged. CONCLUSION: The study provides concrete qualitative examples of specific behavioral capacities in which wisdom may be applied in a work setting. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, skills, behavior, job, employee
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230054
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Haque, Syed Emdadul | Datta, Benay Kumar | Eunus, H.E.M. Mahbubul | Akter, Rashida | Islam, Tariqul | Ahmed, Shyfuddin | Shahriar, Mohammad Hasan | Parvez, Faruque | Ahsan, Habibul | Yunus, Mohammed
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Readymade garment workers globally experience distinctive vulnerabilities at the workplace. The situation is worse in many developing countries. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence about the health and safety of garment workers in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the patterns of illness and injury of garment workers, factory level health safety policies and programs, and views and perception of management staff at factories in Bangladesh. METHODS: This mixed-method study was conducted among garment workers and management level staff between January 2018 and April 2019. We extracted 4000 …health records of the workers who attended primary health care centers of the factories and conducted 11 key informant interviews using qualitative method from different management-level staff. RESULTS: Half of the workers (51.0%) were working in the sewing section following 12.8% in quality control and 12.3% in the laundry section. A review of the medical records showed that peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs) (19.2%), fever (11.7%), loose motion (10.3%), and headache (9.4%). Needle injury was uncommon for taking medical care. Occupational safety and health management, safe drinking water, access to maternity leave and other facilities were better in large and medium factories compared with those in small factories. CONCLUSIONS: Although the readymade garments sector is one of the largest sources of foreign currency revenue earnings in Bangladesh, occupational health and safety issues of workers remain a big concern. Thus, support from the government needs more focus on the health and safety of workers. Show more
Keywords: Readymade garment workers, illness and injury, health safety, quantitative and qualitative data, Bangladesh
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220224
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Claassen, Kevin | Wrede, Sammy J.S. | Kettschau, Jan P. | dos Anjos, Dominique Rodil | Broding, Horst C.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital working methods were increasingly implemented within the setting of German public administrations. Beyond the ostensible risk of infection, a high psychological burden arose for the employees. OBJECTIVE: A subsequent progression of mental strain is to be estimated as a residual effect (approximated by controlling other influencing factors) due to the impossibility of a counterfactual control group. METHODS: An online survey was conducted in 2020 and repeated in 2021 among a cohort of n = 706 employees of 38 departments of three public administrations in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Mental …strain was assessed by the Wuppertal Screening Instrument. Its temporal variation was operationalized as the intercept of a first-difference multiple regression model. Unit of analysis was the department level. RESULTS: The prevalence of suboptimal and dysfunctional strain increased from 71% to 73% . The multiple regression model showed a significant increase whilst controlling the influence of socio-demographic changes on the department level. Children, age and educational level were significant predictors. R2 indicated that about 40% of the variance in the temporal variation of mental strain could be explained. CONCLUSION: The observed factors explained a significant proportion of the increase in mental strain in German public administrations. Still, far more than half of the increase stemmed from external influences which were largely determined by pandemic conditions and latency effects remain still to be seen. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, psychological stress, mental health, occupational health, occupational medicine, public health, digital technology
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230165
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Dhanusia, S. | Santhana Lakshmi, S. | Kumar, Ajith | Prabhu, R. | Srinivasan, Vignesh | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Kumar, Priyadharshini | Kumaresan, A. | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smartphones are a technical marvel that rapidly evolved to play an important role in our lives. One downside to smartphone use is that it significantly worsens posture. It is believed that using a smartphone while walking increases the risk of cognitive decline and the loss of dynamic balance needed to perform functional tasks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control among South Indian college students. METHODS: The study was carried out in a private college with 400 invited students through online social media platforms. …The four-square step test and SAS-SV were used to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control. The students were informed about the study process. A total of 250 participants were included based on the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: There was a high percentage of agreement on smartphone usage on dynamic postural control measured with SAS-SV, revealing statistical significance with a mean value of 41.532 and SD of 10.010886. The four-square step test with a mean value of 22.5 and SD of 1.8995878 also proved significant impact. A positive correlation was found between smartphone usage and dynamic postural control, which was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.90130. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was noted between mobile usage and dynamic balance. Smartphones can have a negative impact on dynamic balance by distracting users from their surroundings and increase the risk of falls. Show more
Keywords: Smartphones, postural balance, cellphones, technology addiction
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230161
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Li, Jianna | Guo, Bin | Du, Zhoubo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: An underground workplace (UGW) is a complex system with multiple subsystems that interact with each other. However, the research on UGW from a systemic perspective has not received due attention. OBJECTIVE: This study constructs an evaluation approach to the orderliness of UGW and systematically evaluates the UGW with Guangzhou and Chengdu metro depots as case studies. METHODS: First, the evaluation index system is established based on occupational ergonomics. Second, the system entropy model is constructed based on information entropy. Third, a dissipative structure judgment model is built based on the Brusselator. Fourth, …the orderliness evaluation model is constructed based on information entropy and synergetics. RESULTS: The UGW of the metro depot has not yet reached the dissipative structure and is in a medium-order state. But the system is in the trend of orderly development. The entropy increase caused by the physical environment and health status is the main obstacle for the system to move toward order. The equipment configuration is an essential source of system negative entropy. The coordination between equipment configuration, health status, and physical environment is low, and that of work effectiveness, equipment aging and failure, and organizational environment is high. CONCLUSIONS: Equipment configuration cannot fully cope with the harsh physical environment and meet the needs of underground workers. Safety security equipment has more room for improvement. Humanized support facilities can introduce more negative entropy to the system. Organizational intervention can reduce the negative impact of adverse factors on the system. Show more
Keywords: Underground workplace, occupational ergonomics, work environment, equipment, staff, system orderliness
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230017
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Samani, Ali Sahraneshin | Ghavamabadi, Leila Ibrahimi | Dehaghi, Behzad Fouladi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Climate change and global warming are emerging as new challenges worldwide. The World Meteorological Organization has reported that the temperature is expected to rise by an average of 1.2°C between 2021–2025. This increase in temperature will expose more and more workers to extreme heat. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the possibility of using thermoelectric coolers for cooling the water circulation circuit of a cooling belt, which can be used for extended periods in high-temperature environments. METHODS: A cooling belt was designed using thermoelectric coolers (TEC) and two blowers. The TECs were equipped with heat …sinks and heat exchange block made of aluminum at hot and cold sides to exchange heat effectively. RESULTS: The experiment was conducted under actual environmental temperature conditions during three different time periods, with mean temperatures of 31, 48, and 41°C. The mean temperature of the belt section was recorded as 20.73, 24.52, and 21.38°C, respectively. The maximum average difference between the inlet air temperature and the inside cooling belt temperature was 40.45°C. CONCLUSION: The experiment revealed that the cooling performance of the designed prototype remained within an acceptable range (18°C) despite the increase in ambient temperature. Moreover, the cooling system can be utilized in high-heat environments to reduce thermal stress. Show more
Keywords: Cooling belt, air temperature, thermoelectric, heat stress, control
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230329
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Alnaser, Adnan Raed | Zitoun, Osama A. | Saquib, Juliann | Rajab, Tawfik Mamoun | Khojah, Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdulwahab | Almazrou, Abdulrahman | Saquib, Nazmus
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional drivers in Saudi Arabia may be at increased risk for mental illness because of their expatriate status, long driving hours, and unhealthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia, most of whom are expatriates. METHODS: Professional drivers (n = 324) were interviewed after convenient sampling of transportation companies. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to screen for depressive symptoms. Correlates of depressive symptoms were identified using Cox regression with a fixed follow-up time. RESULTS: Of the drivers, …20.4% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Sleep quality was found to be a significant independent correlate of depressive symptoms. Drivers with poor and fair sleep quality had higher risk of depressive symptoms than drivers with excellent sleep quality (poor: OR = 5.8, CI: 1.95–17.11; fair: OR = 4.5, CI: 1.68–11.96). CONCLUSION: The frequency of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia is high (one out of five). Companies should consider screening for depressive symptoms and sleep disorders among employees and should provide referrals as needed. Show more
Keywords: Automobile driving, occupational health, mental health, depression, migrant health, epidemiology
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220631
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Blumenthal, Maike | Van der Heijden, Beatrice I.J.M. | Dautzenberg, Rikkie L. | Boot, Cécile R.L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the changing world of work, there is an urgency to gain insight into determinants of the employability among support staff workers with long tenure whose functions may become outdated as their competencies may no longer match the requirements of future jobs. OBJECTIVE: The specific aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and employability. METHODS: Support staff (n = 236) from a university participated in an online questionnaire focusing on five dimensions of employability (occupational expertise, anticipation and optimization, personal flexibility, corporate sense, and balance) and transformational leadership (identifying and articulating …a vision, providing an appropriate model, fostering the acceptance of group goals, providing individual support, and intellectual stimulation. RESULTS: Identifying and articulating a vision (β= 0.247, p < 0.001), providing an appropriate model (β= 0.196, p = 0.002), fostering the acceptance of group goals (β= 0.298, p < 0.001) and providing individual support (β= 0.258, p < 0.001) were associated with higher balance scores. No significant associations were found between the transformational leadership subscales and the other dimensions of employability. CONCLUSION: The current study found that just one specific dimension of transformational leadership was associated with only one aspect of employability for our target group of long-term employed support staff workers with a high level of job security. Show more
Keywords: Leadership, occupational health, staff development, career mobility, employment, universities
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230371
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Mann, Stephanie | Paarup, Helene M. | Søgaard, Karen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the user experience of a novel developed ergonomic chinrest (EC), customised to accommodate the individual violinist’s anthropometry and playing style. The EC was recently tested for biomechanical effect, but the violin player’s motivation, usage behaviour, usability and acceptability may be equally important. OBJECTIVE: To explore the user experience of violinists who used the novel EC with a low shoulder rest for two weeks. Through that experience, we wanted to learn about the potential user barriers and facilitators related to their motivation, usage behaviour, usability, and acceptability, when trying a new product. …METHODS: Thirty-eight professional violinists participated and evaluated motivation, user behaviour, usability and acceptance using a 5-point Likert scale and open-ended questions. RESULTS: Participants showed high motivation hoping to improve posture, reduce muscle tension and enhance performance. Usage behaviour was also high, while product appearance, adjustment time, and sound impact were negatively evaluated. However, 37% planned to continue to use EC after the study. CONCLUSION: Participants showed high motivation and usage behaviour but faced challenges with product appearance, adjustment time, and sound impact compared to their usual chinrest. Incorporating user feedback and addressing design and usability challenges can enhance the user experience. Show more
Keywords: Ergonomics, music, neck, work performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230389
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Mosquera, Rodolfo | Pérez Vergara, Ileana G. | Contreras-Pacheco, Orlando E.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector in developing countries have high rates of work absenteeism. The productivity of enterprises is heavily influenced by it. OBJECTIVE: To propose a model based on the Plan, Do, Check, and Act cycle and data mining for the prevention of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was administered on a total of 200 male technical workers in plumbing. It considers biological, biomechanical, chemical, and, physical risk factors. Three data mining algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression, …Naive Bayes, and Decision Trees, classifying the occurrences occupational accident. The model was validated considering 20% of the data collected, maintaining the same proportion between accidents and non-accidents. The model was applied to data collected from the last 17 years of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in a Colombian construction company. RESULTS: The results showed that, in 90.5% of the cases, the decision tree classifier (J48) correctly identified the possible cases of occupational accidents with the biological, chemical, and, biomechanical, risk factors training variables applied in the model. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are promising in that the model is efficient in predicting the occurrence of an occupational accident in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. For the accidents identified and the associated causes, a plan of measures to mitigate the risk of occupational accidents is proposed. Show more
Keywords: Machine learning, risk assessment, workplace safety, construction industry, accident reduction
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230112
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Umair, Sonia | Waqas, Umair | Mrugalska, Beata
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of organizations’ sustainable performance mainly depends on their human resource capital and for this organizations now need to focus on green human capital development programs including green talent management (GTM). GTM entails attracting, nurturing, and retaining those people who can promote the green initiatives of the organization. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to investigate the impact of GTM, transformational leadership, and employee engagement on the sustainable environmental performance of organizations. METHODS: The data were collected from both academic and administrative employees in five Omani higher education institutions (HEIs). In total 367 questionnaires were collected …using drop-off and pickup methods. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that green hard and green soft talent management (TM) and employee engagement with green initiatives are significant predictors of the sustainable environmental performance of HEIs. Moreover, transformational leadership can moderate the influence of green soft TM on employee engagement with green initiatives by strengthening the relationship. CONCLUSIONS: For sustainable performance and development, organizations especially HEIs need to actively assume their social responsibilities and implement sustainable environmental management. The present study provides meaningful implications for practitioners, educational policymakers, and leaders to promote GTM and employee engagement for sustainable environmental performance. Supporting green skill development, engaging employees with green initiatives, and promoting staff with green skills can help organizations particularly HEIs to increase their sustainable environmental performance and gain a competitive advantage. Show more
Keywords: Human resource management, green talent management, leadership, employee engagement, sustainability, sustainable environmental performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230357
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Xu, Yanzhen | Liu, Ya | Huang, Maoyong | Fang, Hongmei
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although research has increased the current understanding of creative teaching, evidence on the factors that influence this behavior and the underlying mechanisms remains limited. OBJECTIVE: This study, grounded in conservation of resources theory, proposed and empirically examined the relation between contingent reward leadership (CRL) among Chinese kindergarten principals and teachers’ creative teaching performance (CTP). In addition, the study assessed the mediating effect of organizational innovation support (OIS), bureaucratic organizational culture (BOC), and innovative organizational culture (IOC), as well as the moderating effect of ideological psychological contracts (IPCs), to provide robust insights into how CRL can motivate kindergarten …teachers’ CTP. METHODS: A total of 518 kindergarten teachers aged 20–55 years participated in the study. Structural equation model analysis was conducted to examine the multiple mediating effects of OIS, BOC, and IOC, as well as the moderating effect of IPC in the relation between CRL and CTP. RESULTS: OIS served as a mediator in the relation between CRL and CTP. OIS and BOC played a chain mediating role in the relation between CRL and CTP. OIS and BOC played a chain mediating role in the relation between CRL and CTP. Additionally, IPC positively moderated the indirect relation of CRL on CTP via OIS. CONCLUSIONS: Kindergarten principals should pay attention to the positive impact of leadership style and organizational culture on teachers’ innovative behavior. Moreover, prioritizing the improvement of IPCs would benefit the development of innovative behavior. Show more
Keywords: Contingent reward leadership, creative teaching performance, organizational innovation support, organizational culture, ideological psychological contract, kindergarten principal, kindergarten teacher
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230229
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2023
Authors: Miaary, Zuha | Kalichman, Leonid | Ezra, David | Moshe, Shlomo | Alperovitch-Najenson, Deborah
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical and psychosocial demands (e.g., serving, cleaning, fulfilling orders) can lead to work-related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP). OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of WRMSP in the upper quadrant and lower back among skilled male Arab waiters; to evaluate the disability related to WRMSP; to evaluate the association between work demands and WRMSP with related disability. METHODS: 100 skilled male Arab waiters working full-time, aged 18–60, participated in the cross-sectional study. Participants completed basic demographics and working conditions; the NDI; QuickDASH; the OswestryQ; workload, burnout, and job satisfaction at work; the adjusted NordicQ; and the TaskQ, compiled …especially for this study. RESULTS: A 12-month pain prevalence, pain frequency, and work avoidance were high: neck- 42%, 60.5%, 89.5% ; shoulders –53%, 78.2%, 94.4% ; elbows- 46%, 78.6%, 83.3% ; lower back- 45%, 44%, 78.7%, respectively. Pain prevalence in at least one site was 83% . The OswestryQ, QuickDASH, and NDI revealed mild-moderate pain and disability (14.85/50, 25.54/75, 13.74/50, respectively). Burnout score was positively associated with OswestryQ, QuickDASH, and NDI. Job satisfaction was negatively associated with 12 months of pain in the lower back, hands, arms, shoulders, and hands (NordicQ). TaskQ was positively associated with OswestryQ. CONCLUSION: Male Arab waiters who work in physically and psychologically challenging conditions report high levels of WRMSP with a high frequency and related work avoidance. Many of them must keep their jobs as they are their families’ primary or sole providers. It is possible that they are trying to prevent more severe disabilities in the future by ensuring temporary rest and pain prevention. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal, pain, disability, ergonomics, risk factors, waiters
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220666
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2023
Authors: Lorente Ramos, L. | Rodriguez Lozano, B. | Barroso Morales, M.L. | Rodríguez Perez, D. | Jiménez Sosa, A. | Hernández Cabrera, N.E. | Mora Quintero, M.L. | Rodríguez Gaspar, M. | Bustabad Reyes, M.S. | Cueto Serrano, M.M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Workplace aggressions on hospital workers is a very frequent and under-reported problem. OBJECTIVE: The novel objective of our study was to analyze the number of workplace aggressions per hospital worker. Other objectives of the study were to analyze the management knowledge and interest in receiving training on aggressions by hospital workers. METHODS: An anonymous survey was handed out among all professionals in a university hospital. RESULTS: A total of 1118 anonymous surveys were collected. The responders declared that throughout their working life they had suffered some sort of verbal aggression in the hospital …in 766 cases (68.5%) and physical aggression in 393 cases (35.2%). Multiple logistic regression analyses found higher risk of receiving physical and verbal aggression in the nursing category and in the Emergency, Critical Care or Psychiatry Units, and a higher risk of receiving physical aggression in women. The score on the level of personal knowledge regarding the legal, physical, and psychological management of aggressions (score 0–10 for each of the 3 aspects) was 2.91±2.68 in legal management, 2.97±2.77 in psychological management and 2.91±2.76 in physical management. The opinion about the interest of receiving training (score from 0 to 10) on the legal management of hospital aggressions was 8.90±1.72, on psychological management was 8.85±1.78 and on physical management was 8.88±1.78. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace aggression on hospital workers mainly affects women, the nursing category and the Emergency, Critical Care or Psychiatry Units. Hospital workers showed little knowledge on the topic but a great interest in receiving training. Show more
Keywords: Aggression, violence, health care professionals, workers, hospital, workplace
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220702
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Türken, Askeri | Çapar, Haşim | Çakmak, Cuma | Kurt, Mehmet Emin | Menteş, Nurettin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to measure the self-efficacy knowledge of the caregiver of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients in order to overcome the problems that arise and carry out the care process in a healthy manner. OBJECTIVE: This research was carried out to develop a self-efficacy scale in caregivers of individuals with DMD. METHODS: The study was conducted with 99 volunteer DMD caregivers to evaluate the psychometric properties of the developed scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed with the SPSS 25 Package Program to determine the factors of the scale. Confirmatory Factor …Analysis (CFA) analysis was performed with AMOS 23 to confirm the factors obtained by EFA. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for the internal consistency of the DMD-CSES. RESULTS: A valid and reliable scale was obtained to measure the self-efficacy of caregivers of DMD patients. CONCLUSION: Although some scales have been developed to evaluate the care burden of family members who care for patient-centered symptoms and functional changes in patients with DMD, there is no single scale that adequately describes the conditions and resources of caregivers on a global scale. The search for a definitive scale is expected to continue until a definitive treatment for the disease is found. Developing a valid and reliable scale to identify the self-efficacy, knowledge, skills and resources of caregivers with a common perspective of physicians and health management team centred on patients with DMD will be effective in practice. Show more
Keywords: Disease management, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, family caregivers, health economics, self efficacy, reliability, validity
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230145
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Chin, Tay Lee | Chee, Tay Lee
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Strengthening safety compliance behaviour can reduce the organizations’ unexpected financial losses and prevent employees from continuous COVID-19. It drives this study to create a research framework involved by organizational, individual and social factors to predict employees’ safety compliance behaviour. OBJECTIVE: This study examines how risk perceptions of COVID-19, employee well-being, workplace health and safety training, safety motivation and safety related stigma impact safety compliance behavior in times COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was disseminated to healthcare workers. In all, 344 acceptable questionnaires were derived for further analysis. RESULTS: The results revealed that …the risk perception of COVID-19 and employee well-being has no significant relationship with safety compliance behavior. Similarly, safety related stigma also has no moderating effect on safety motivation and safety compliance behavior. However, workplace health and safety training and safety motivation have significant relationships with safety compliance behavior. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the literature by illuminating on the importance of organizational, individual, social factors and how they can interact with safety compliance behaviour. Additionally, knowing the unique function of safety related stigma in building safety compliance behaviour may help guide future efforts and training initiatives to enhance workplace safety. Show more
Keywords: Safety compliance behavior, risk perception of COVID-19, employee well-being, workplace health and safety training, safety motivation, safety related stigma, SDG goal 12
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230522
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Almandoz, Jaime P. | Xie, Luyu | Tejani, Sanaa | Mathew, M. Sunil | Schellinger, Jeffrey N. | Morales-Marroquin, Elisa | Messiah, Sarah E.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of employment and the work-from-home (WFH) setting on body weight among people with obesity is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between employment status, WFH setting, and change in body weight among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Patients from an obesity medicine clinic completed an online survey in 2022 to assess health, work, and lifestyle behaviors. Multiple regression models examined the association between WFH status and change in body weight. RESULTS: The analytical sample included 380 patients (81.9% female, mean age 52.5 years, mean body mass index …43.25, 50.0% non-Hispanic White, 25.7% non-Hispanic Black, 18.7% Hispanic, 5.7% other ethnicity). During the pandemic, 28.7% were employed in a WFH setting (73.4% of this subgroup were in a WFH setting only), 36.1% were employed but not in a WFH setting, 11.8% were unemployed, and 23.4% were retired. Mean body weight change for participants who partially WFH during the pandemic was +5.4 (±7.2) % compared to those completely WFH –0.3 (±9.8) % (P = 0.006). After adjusting for key demographics, participants who were partially WFH gained 7.8% more weight compared to those completely WFH (β = 7.28, SE = 1.91, p < 0.001). The most significant predictors for weight gain after adjusting for WFH frequency (partially vs. completely) included overeating (aOR 11.07, 95% CI 3.33–36.77), more consumption of fast food (aOR 7.59, 95% 2.41–23.91), and depression (aOR 6.07, 95% CI 1.97–18.68). CONCLUSION: These results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the WFH hybrid (combination of office and WFH) setting is associated with greater weight gain compared to those who completely WFH in people with obesity. Risk factors include overeating, higher fast food consumption, and depression. Show more
Keywords: Work, obesity, COVID-19, environment, weight gain, behaviour, weight management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230055
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Değerli, Medine Nur Özata | Aydoner, Selen | Altuntaş, Onur | Bumin, Gonca
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has caused various effects, changing people’s lives and work styles. During this period, workplaces decided to work remotely, so people spent more time at home. Therefore, workers’ personal and work lives were negatively affected. OBJECTIVE: This study planned to compare traditional and remote office workers’ occupational balance and life satisfaction in Turkey during COVID-19. METHODS: Google Survey was used for data collection. Three hundred office workers (18–65 years old) from Turkey participated in the study. The occupational balance and life satisfaction levels of participants were assessed using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire …(QB-Quest) and Personal Well-being Index-Adult (PWI-A). RESULTS: Data collected were analyzed statistically by the Independent Sample t -test. It was found that the remote office workers had lower levels of occupational balance (p = 0.02; r = –3.317) and life satisfaction (p = 0.01; r = –2.199) compared to the traditional office workers. CONCLUSION: Remote office workers were found to have lower occupational balance and life satisfaction than traditional office workers. In this period, when the way of working changes like COVID-19, it is crucial to determine office workers’ occupational balance and life satisfaction and take precautions for their job performance and satisfaction. Show more
Keywords: Coronavirus, life satisfaction, occupational balance, occupational health, office worker, remote work
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230078
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2023
Authors: Ogedengbe, Tosin Omonye | Sukhai, Mahadeo | Wittich, Walter
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: Background: The high rate of unemployment among individuals with vision impairment remains a pressing issue, even with the implementation of disability laws and coordinated effort to foster inclusive workplace. Employment integration challenges persist for people with vision impairment due to inaccessible job markets and workplaces. Objective: To create new knowledge from previous studies related to employment among people with vision impairment and to understand what has been explored and identify the gaps in employment integration. Method: A comprehensive search of six databases was conducted utilizing both index terms and keywords. The title and abstract of identified …studies were screened, followed by a full-text screening using pre-set criteria. Only available peer-reviewed studies with a focus on employment and vision impairment were included, irrespective of location and publication year. Result: Of 2264 studies screened, only 43 studies were eligible for review and data extraction. Using thematic analysis, 8 key themes emerged: social support, disability rights and service systems, transition strategies and challenges, career, employment integration, employment environment, adaptive potential, and employment sustainability. These studies considered the perspectives of people living with vision impairment, rehabilitation practice, and employers. Identified gaps include transition strategies, workplace participation, the perception of colleagues, and work evolution. Conclusion: The primary focus of studies was on the individual factors that impact workplace integration; work environment impact was not explored in depth. The need to examine the readiness of the work environment is also importance because environmental factors can be modified according to the functional needs of people with vision impairment. Show more
Keywords: Vision disorders, employment, rehabilitation, diversity, equity, inclusion, health services accessibility, quality of life
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230018
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2023
Authors: Dandumahanti, Bhanu Priya | Subramaniyam, Murali
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smartphone usage has increased rapidly in the last decade due to rapid technological advancements. This extensive usage of smartphones led to physiological problems and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) due to inappropriate postures. OBJECTIVE: Past studies have reported the effects/discomfort of smartphone usage for short periods, ranging from 3–20 min, which does not represent the current era of smartphone dependency (approximately 7-hr/day). METHODS: This study was performed on fifty-four participants aged 20–28 with 1-hr smartphone texting in a sitting posture. Flexion angles, both sides (dominant and non-dominant) muscle activity (maximum voluntary contraction %) at sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper-trapezius (TRP), …extensor digitorum (EDM) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles, and subjective discomfort were analyzed. RESULTS: After 1-hr smartphone texting, the muscle activity at eight upper extremities: SCM (24.80%), TRP (29.45%), EDM (14.44%) and APB (19.87%) significantly (p < 0.001) increased by 1.5–1.9 times with 27.4±3.18° and 82.94±7.03° head and lower-arm flexion angles, respectively. The mechanical loads on the cervical spine increased by 4.6 times, and subjective discomfort by 3 times. CONCLUSION: Maintaining the same posture for a long duration causes postural stress, muscular imbalances, and discomfort, leading to MSD with increased cervical intervertebral disc pressure. Show more
Keywords: Smartphone texting, musculoskeletal disorders, head flexion angle, prolonged usage, cervical load, subjective discomfort analysis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230262
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Zand, Sepideh | Motlagh, Masoud Shafiee | Golmohammadi, Rostam | Aliabadi, Mohsen | Tapak, Leili | Babamiri, Mohammad
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Using medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) may limit heat exchange, resulting in physiological challenges. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the physiological and neurophysiological responses of female HCWs when using two typical medical gowns at different temperatures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Twenty healthy female HCWs participated in this study. Participants wore two types of medical gowns: Spunbond gown (SG) and laminate gown (LG). They walked on a treadmill in a controlled climate chamber for 30 minutes at three different temperatures (24, 28, and 32°C). Heart …rate (HR), skin surface temperature (ST), clothing surface temperature (CT), ear temperature (ET), blood oxygen percentage (SaO2), galvanic skin response (GSR), and blood pressure were measured before and after walking on a treadmill. The study’s results were analyzed using SPSS26. RESULTS: The study found that LG led to an average increase of 0.575°C in CT compared to SG at the same temperatures (P < 0.03). The average HR increased by 6.5 bpm in LG at 28°C compared to SG at a comfortable temperature (P = 0.01). The average ET in SG and GSR in LG at 32°C increased by 0.39°C and 0.25μS, respectively, compared to the comfortable temperature (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION The study recommends maintaining a comfortable temperature range in hospitals to prevent physiological challenges among HCWs wearing medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19. This is important because using LG, compared to SG, at high temperatures can increase HR, ET, CT, and GSR. Show more
Keywords: Heat stress, strain, comfort, health personnel, personal protective equipment, hospitals
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230360
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Martin, Joel | Toczko, Michael | Sax van der Weyden, Megan | Lockie, Robert
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the physical nature of the occupation many firefighters have low levels of physical fitness which is associated with poor performance of occupational tasks and increased injury rates. For many fire departments an initial step in promoting health and wellness within the department is to conduct annual fitness testing. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of implementing a consequential fitness assessment within a fire department. METHODS: A retrospective repeated measures design was used to analyze annual fitness assessment data of professional firefighters (n = 1415) from 2019 to 2022 within a large urban fire department located in …the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The fitness tests included assessments of pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, aerobic capacity, and body composition. Repeated measure analyses of variances (ANOVAs) assessed the effect of year and a 2-way ANOVA was conducted to investigate the effects of sex and age on fitness measures on 2022 data. RESULTS: All fitness measures were found to be maintained over the 4-year period. Significant main effects of age and sex across all fitness measures, but no significant interactions were found. Older firefighters (50 + years) exhibited lower performance (p < 0.001, d > 0.80) on muscular fitness assessments than young firefighters (20–29 years). A large effect of sex (males > females) was found for pull-ups (d = 1.04), push-ups (d = 1.23), and aerobic capacity (d = 1.38). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that implementing a consequential fitness assessment could help maintain firefighters’ fitness levels over a multi-year period. Show more
Keywords: Firefighters, exercise, health, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, body composition
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230378
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Louzán, Rita | Villarroya López, Alberto
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-reported test is one of the main psychosocial risk assessment tools. However, this test it is susceptible to certain sources of error, including social desirability. Since psychosocial risks are emerging, there are not many studies on their assessment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of social desirability on the short version of the CopSoq-ISTAS 21 assessment tool. METHOD: A total of 563 workers (45.10% women and 54.90% men) participated in this study. The short version of the CoPsoQ-Istas21 questionnaire with four Likert scale questions as markers, which …correspond to the Eysenck Personality Lie Scale Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-r), were used. The sample was divided into two halves, and both a confirmatory analysis and an exploratory analysis were carried out to find out the factorial structure of the scale and, with it, apply the bias filtering method. RESULTS: The results indicate that 10% of the scale is biased due to social desirability, and that there are significant differences between the group with bias clean scores and the group with scores without bias control. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of social desirability on the scale are verified, so it is concluded that in a psychosocial risk assessment is not enough to apply a self-report test and interpret its results, being necessary to minimize the sources of error. Show more
Keywords: Risk assessment methodologies, occupational risk, occupational stress, social desirability, bias, reproducibility of results
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230184
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Ain, Qurat Ul | Khan, Imran Ahmad | Raza, Muhammad Asif | Anjum, Ahsan | Khan, Maliha Khalid | Perwasha, Perwasha | Ishaq, Shahid
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Industrial workers often have musculoskeletal disorders due to the nature of their work. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to investigate the scientific use of polyherbal gel in relieving pain and stiffness due to musculoskeletal injuries and improving activities of daily living (ADLs) in industrial workers. METHODS: A pragmatic, single-blinded, randomized control study divided 200 musculoskeletal injury patients into four parallel groups (n = 50). Groups 1 and 2 were applied polyherbal gel via phonophoresis with therapeutic ultrasound and superficial massage. Groups 3 and 4 received diclofenac diethyl-ammonium 1% gel by phonophoresis and superficial massage. The Global Pain …Relief Scale, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were used to measure pain, stiffness, and ADLs. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t -test to compare mean±SD of four independent groups before and after gel application. The confidence interval was 95%, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The results revealed that polyherbal gel reduced pain (NPRS, WOMAC and Global pain relief scales) more efficiently (p ≤0.000) when applied with phonophoresis as compared to applied with massage and standard diclofenac (p ≤0.005), furthermore, polyherbal gel when applied with phonophoresis showed more efficient results. CONCLUSION: Industrial workers with musculoskeletal injuries benefited from the use of polyherbal gel for pain and inflammation relief. The polyherbal gel is natural, cost-effective, and easy to formulate. Show more
Keywords: Polyherbal gel, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, musculoskeletal injuries, phonophoresis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230178
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Mawari, Govind | Kumar, Naresh | Sarkar, Sayan | Joshi, Tushar Kant | Frank, Arthur L. | Daga, Mradul Kumar | Singh, Mongjam Meghachandra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal with multiple uses in various medical devices. Hg is used in dentistry as a restorative material. Such use creates significant exposure to dental practitioners. Hence, it is important to assess the risk created by Hg use in healthcare. OBJECTIVE: To quantify airborne Hg vapour exposure and Hg levels in dental healthcare workers, and determine the association of various symptoms and diseases to Hg exposure. METHODS: Air monitoring of Hg vapours were conducted in dental clinics and amalgam rooms. Urine samples were collected from occupationally exposed …dental healthcare workers and urine Hg levels were measured. A cross-sectional health survey was conducted in 23 healthcare units of Delhi to determine an association between Hg exposure and various health effects. RESULTS: Hg vapour concentration ranged from 0.96μg/m3 to 15μg/m3 , the highest concentration was recorded in the amalgam room (15μg/m3 ). Urine Hg levels in healthcare workers (0.51±0.17μg/L) were higher than the control (0.29±0.05μg/L). A cross-sectional health survey revealed a significant prevalence of confusion, forgetfulness, muscle spasm, and tremors by the respondents. CONCLUSION: Hg concentration in dental clinics may hover above the prescribed safe levels posing a definitive health risk to healthcare workers. Urinary Hg measurements did not reveal an excess of body burden except in one case. Since Hg bio accumulates, it is probable as these workers grow older, they may end up with a higher body burden of Hg that may lead to a variety of adverse health outcomes. Show more
Keywords: Dental, health survey, mercury vapour, occupation, urine mercury
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230109
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Algabbani, Maha F.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Architecture students maintain uncomfortable body postures for hours while designing and constructing project models, putting them at high risk of developing musculoskeletal pain (MSP). OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to determine the prevalence of MSP among students at the Architecture and Planning College at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional survey study used a self-administered online questionnaire. A total of 123 students (65 female) aged 19–25 years participated. The survey consisted of eight demographic and health status questions and the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Mann-Whitney …U and chi-square tests were used to compare genders at α= .05. RESULTS: Approximately 94.3% of architecture students reported pain in at least one body region in the last 12 months, and 87.0% in the last seven days. The highest reported percentage of MSP was neck pain, followed by lower back pain. No differences in MSP were found between genders, except in elbow and hand pain for the last 12 months and elbow pain for the last seven days. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of MSP among undergraduate architecture students, highlighting the need to prevent occupational health issues at an early stage. Show more
Keywords: Architecture, disability, musculoskeletal pain, pain intensity, prevalence, students
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230459
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Liu, Zi Rui
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the transition to remote preschool education, highlighting the crucial role of preschool teachers in navigating pedagogical transformations, adapting to technology, and addressing the challenges of distance learning. OBJECTIVE: This study delved into the intricate challenges confronted by educators specializing in early childhood education within the realm of remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it scrutinized a spectrum of tactics and interventions implemented to overcome the challenges, presenting nuanced insights to enhance the effectiveness of online pedagogy. METHODS: Conducting a systematic literature review, this study comprehensively analysed academic sources to synthesize …challenges faced by preschool teachers and their adaptive strategies during the transition to remote instruction induced by the COVID-19. The investigation focused on online teaching strategies, COVID-19 implications, and the broader landscape of remote learning. RESULTS: The review illuminated intricate challenges, encompassing technological constraints, pedagogical adjustments, and psychological adaptations. These challenges compelled the deployment of a diverse range of strategies, underscoring educators’ resilience and resourcefulness in maintaining vibrant online teaching and learning ecosystems. CONCLUSION: This study offers a valuable compendium of insights, providing a comprehensive view of the evolving landscape of remote pedagogy. By fostering a nuanced understanding of the challenges and strategies, educators, administrators, and policymakers can collaboratively devise informed interventions. This collaborative effort optimizes online teaching practices, fostering enriched learning outcomes within the digital epoch. Show more
Keywords: Preschool, teaching, education, computer-assisted instruction, COVID-19, teleworking
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230321
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Leite, Carla Cesar Fontes | Coutinho, Milena Oliveira | Fernandes, Denise Vasconcelos | Souza, Luiz Humberto Rodrigues | Costa, Laura Emmanuela Lima | Santos, Klaus Araújo | dos Santos, Rafaela Gomes | das Mercês, Magno Conceição | Figueiredo, Maria Aparecida Araújo | Cavalcante Neto, Jorge Lopes
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep alterations are common in college students, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic factors may predict these alterations in this population. OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic factors and health characteristics associated with the number of hours of sleep of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 244 university students from a multicampi public university in the State of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. Data collection was performed online and participants answered a specific questionnaire to assess sleep hours, sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS: Significant associations were observed …between hours of sleep and older students (odds ratio adjusted –ORaj: 3.75; 95% Confidence Interval –CI: 1.81–7.75; p < 0.01), attending the final semesters (ORaj: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05–3.25; p < 0.03), and who reported having some disease (ORaj: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.05–4.50; p < 0.03) with greater chances of getting less sleep. However, those who used tobacco (ORaj: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.45; p < 0.001) were likely to have more hours of sleep per night. CONCLUSION: Sleep restriction was common among participating college students, which has likely intensified due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions. This encourages specific public health actions, contemplating the health and hours of sleep of this population. Show more
Keywords: Psychological stress, sleep quality, health promotion, young adults, student health services, pandemic, public health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220648
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Chellappa, Vigneshkumar | Mésároš, Peter | Spišáková, Marcela | Kaleja, Pavol | Špak, Matej
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Digital technologies (DTs) have gained recognition for educating and training individuals, covering multiple areas in construction sector to enhance safety performance. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) focusing on DTs utilized for safety education and training in the construction sector since 2000 and explore their various application areas. METHODS: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct SLR and fifty-nine articles were identified. This study describes the research trends through bibliometric analysis, encompassing aspects such as annual publication counts, document sources, …influential authors and documents, countries of origin, and prevalent research areas. RESULTS: The results revealed that immersive virtual reality (VR) technology has seen extensive utilization in educating and training individuals. In the context of application areas, most DTs concentrated on augmenting individuals’ proficiency in recognizing hazards. CONCLUSION: The findings summarized the primary research domains, deliberated upon prevailing research gaps, and proposed forthcoming directions for applying DTs in safety training. The suggested future directions can potentially enhance safety training effectiveness within the construction firm. Show more
Keywords: Safety education, construction firm, extended reality, workplace safety, digital technologies
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220698
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Sejdiu, Rrahim | Jashari, Bujar | Zejnullahu, Fakije | Sylejmani, Blertë | Topuzi, Ramadan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are some rules that furniture designers must take into consideration to design ergonomic furniture. The main design principle is the target group for which the furniture will be designed, considering the dimensions of people who use the furniture. OBJECTIVE: The paper presents the correlation between 12 parts of children’s body, as well as the proportion between stature and 11 other parts of the body which are used for the purposes of furniture and interior designers. METHODS: Field measurements include: Stature (S), Sitting height (She), Shoulder height (Sh), Popliteal height (Ph), Hip width (Hb), Elbow …rest height (Erh), Buttock-popliteal length (Bpl), Buttock-knee length (Bkl), Thigh clearance (Tc), Eye height sitting (Eh), Knee height (Kh) and Shoulder breadth (Sb) to pupils aged 6–11 (grades 1 to 5). The measurements were done in 687 children in 12 primary schools in 4 different regions in Kosovo. RESULTS: The data of the study shows that, in general, there is a correlation (in some parts strong and in some medium) for the measured parts. Also, the study presents the proportion between the stature and other parts of the body which are necessary for the design of children’s furniture. CONCLUSION: Using this data will enable furniture designers to easily target the dimensions of the group they will design, even by measuring only one dimension, i.e. stature and then setting the proportions for each piece separately. Show more
Keywords: Body, dimension, proportion, children, furniture, designers
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230435
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Syed, Jammaluddin | Khan, Erum | Kayal, Rayyan A. | Al Amoudi, Ahmed | Nasir, Muhammad | Hassan, Nisreen Nabiel | Alsadi, Fahad Mohammad | Ali, Saqib
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, educational institutes have been obliged to make a quick transition from traditional face-to-face teaching to e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has purportedly created various barriers to achieving desired learning outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the perceptions of undergraduate dental students regarding online and physical learning in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2022. The study comprised dental students from 1st to 4th years who were above the age of 18 and of either gender. The Google Forms …questionnaire was created to evaluate the quality and efficiency of online and physical learning among dentistry undergraduates. RESULTS: In a survey of 246 students, 70.3% strongly agreed that they would prefer face-to-face instruction over e-learning. There was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of students’ technical skills (p = 0.01), accessibility to instructors (p = 0.01) and classmates (p = 0.02), value of technology (p = 0.03), improvement of oral communication skills (p = 0.01), promotion of hybrid model learning after the pandemic (p = 0.01), and utilization of tutorial services (p = 0.04) between different year of study. CONCLUSION: Pakistani dental students indicated satisfaction with numerous aspects of e-learning, such as technical skills, accessibility to instructors and classmates, the value of technology, improvement of oral communication skills, promotion of hybrid model learning, and utilization of tutorial services compared to face-to-face education concerning the year of study. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, e-learning, face to face instruction, online education, physical classes, technology
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220634
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Straker, Leon
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In the wake of 3 years of societal disruptions related to COVID-19 many workers and organisations are reflecting on the value of work. Despite work generally being good for individuals, it is often framed negatively by individuals. Occupational professionals may have inadvertently contributed to this negative perception by focussing on reducing occupational risks. This editorial outlines 5 issues and invites researchers and practitioners involved in work design to reflect on the contribution they can make in a post-pandemic world.
Keywords: Work design, sustainability, well-being, occupational health, ergonomics, inequality, professional practice
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230387
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-5, 2024
Authors: Öztürk, Yunus Emre | Kahveci, Şeyma | Başol, Şeymanur
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The education process is based on leading the choice of profession in line with the interests and abilities of the individual and helping them with their career plans in these professions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the occupational interest levels of the Health Management Department students on their career commitment. METHODS: In the study, descriptive findings were included by using a quantitative research design. In the research, data were collected from 282 students studying Department of Health Management. SPSS 26.0 package program was used for …statistical analysis of research data. Parametric tests (t -test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, normal linear regression analysis) were utilized since the data fit the normal distribution. RESULTS: 57.1% of the individuals participating in the research are female, 47.8% have the age range of 21 to 22. There is a positive, moderate (r = 0.677 p < 0.01) significant relationship between professional interest and career commitment scales. The level of professional interest and career dedication varies according to gender, age, income status and the class of the student. CONCLUSION: It is very important that health management students have an interest in their profession. Because this interest will guide them in what kind of a career they should make in their business life after graduation. Show more
Keywords: Profession, career, professional interest, career dedication, health management, students
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230366
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Zhou, Chunmin | Chen, Fengqiong | Wang, Jin | Jin, Nan | Li, Jinshan | Zheng, Bailiang | Ye, Mengliang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have extensively examined the factors contributing to the onset of occupational stress, burnout, and depression. However, the relationship between these variables is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between occupational stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms and to investigate the mediating effect of burnout between occupational stress and depressive symptoms in medical staff. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical staff in Chongqing, China. The Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory: General Survey (MBI-GS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the status of occupational stress, burnout, …and depressive symptoms, respectively. The bootstrapping analyses using SPSS PROCESS macros version 3 were conducted to examine mediating effects. RESULTS: The study conducted on medical staff in Chongqing revealed that the detection rates of occupational stress, occupational burnout, and depressive symptoms were 31.8%, 23.3%, and 30.3%, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that occupational stress and burnout accounted for 19.3% (p < 0.001) and 18.8% (p < 0.001) of the variance in depressive symptoms, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that occupational stress indirectly affected depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of occupational burnout, with a mediation effect value of 0.13 (bootstrap 95% CI: 0.116-0.144) and the mediation effect accounting for 44.8% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that occupational stress and burnout were predictors of depressive symptoms. Occupational stress had a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms via burnout. These results suggest that reducing occupational stress and burnout could be effective strategies for preventing depression among medical staff. Show more
Keywords: Depressive symptoms, occupational stress, occupational burnout, medical staff, mediating effects
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230343
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Aktas, Filiz Ogce | Turhan Damar, Hale | Ozkul, Burcu | Voight, Patrick | Guckian Fisher, Mona | Elin, Michael | Sharma, Suresh K. | Bird, Sarah
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Operating room nurses (ORNs) who directly deal with the treatment and care of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic are at risk in terms of psychological stress and other mental health problems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the anxiety and depression levels of ORNs working in different countries in the COVID-19 outbreak, and to determine the predictors and the difference between countries. METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected online using a google form between February 2021-February 2022. The universe of the research is nurses who are members …of national Perioperative Nurses Association (USA, Türkiye, Australia, England, India, Israel) and 1127 ORNs participated the study. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of anxiety and depression status were examined by binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The rate of anxiety is 5.46 times higher in nurses in the USA, 5.07 times higher among nurses in Australia, and 4.49 times higher for nurses in England. It was determined that the rate of depression in ORNs working in Türkiye was 5.97 times higher. It was found that the rate of depression is 1.59 times higher in ORNs living away from the family after care of COVID-19 patient. CONCLUSION: Despite some differences between countries in terms of health system, patient potential, economic and the opportunities offered, generally high levels of anxiety and/or depression indicate that all ORNs need urgent support. Identifying risk factors will help recognize anxiety and depression in ORNs and take measures to protect their mental health during the pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Anxiety, depression, COVID-19, nurse, operating room nursing, pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230207
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Yucel, Hulya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Playing performance of musicians may affect their occupational balance. The violin is one of the riskiest string instruments for the musculoskeletal health. OBJECTIVE: To show the effect of socio-demographics, playing posture, pain, and functionality on occupational balance in professional violinists in Istanbul. METHODS: Forty-five violinists aged 29.1±10.6 years were included. The Personal Information Form, the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand - Sports/Musicians (DASH-SM), the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, and the 11-item revised version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11 - T) were used. Spearman …correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the variables and occupational balance. RESULTS: The only significant correlation was found between doing regular exercise and occupational balance (r = 0.539, p < 0.001) with those having an exercise habit reporting higher occupational balance scores. The mean pain score of the violinists increased from a pre-performing mean of 1.6±2.3 to a post-performance mean of 3.91±2.4. CONCLUSIONS: Musicians indicate that they practice physical exercise regularly. A strong methodological limitation of this study is that variables like exercise were evaluated with a self-reported survey which limited the analysis and so we hardly find any relationships between them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between playing-related factors and occupational balance in violinists. There may be other factors affecting occupational balance in violinists and also in the other musicians. Similar studies are needed in other countries also using different assessments specific to musicians. Show more
Keywords: Musician, exercise, playing-related pain, posture, occupational balance, violinist
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230476
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Yilmaz Gokmen, Gulhan | Kecelioglu, Sule
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the whole world and various isolation measures were applied during this period. One of the groups that were physically and mentally affected by this period was students. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity (PA) level, attitudes and behaviors related to PA, smoking, perceived stress, and fatigue of university students one-year after the declaration of the pandemic. METHODS: A total of 102 students (79F/23M, 20.68±1.81 years) who were evaluated face to face with International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ), …Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Turkish Checklist Individual Strength (CIS-T) Questionnaire before the declaration of the pandemic, were evaluated online with the same questionnaires one-year after the declaration of the pandemic. RESULTS: Although there was no difference in terms of other variables, there was a statistically significant difference in the CBPAQ outcome expectation subscale (p = 0.04). The Δ PSS and Δ CIS-T total had a statistically significant effect on the Δ CBPAQ total (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007), Δ PSS and Δ CIS-T total were independent predictors of Δ CBPAQ total (Δ : before-one year after the declaration of the pandemic) CONCLUSION: University students had positive attitudes and behaviors related to PA and they increased their PA levels, although not significantly, compared to before the declaration of the pandemic. Perceived stress and fatigue may have an effect on attitudes and behaviors related to PA and PA levels. It is thought that university students continue their routines despite the many limitations of the pandemic. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, mental health, pandemic, physical activity, smoking, student
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230154
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Cruise, Cera E. | Celis, Sofia | Lashewicz, Bonnie M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term care (LTC) facilities were hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Using life course theory concepts, we looked for conditions that led to worker moral distress –i.e. pain or anguish over not being able to take right action - and how life stage may influence experiences. OBJECTIVE: To illuminate the experiences of adults under the age of 30 who stepped into, and/or persevered in, working in LTC during the pandemic, recognizing that this emerging workforce represents the future of LTC in Canada. METHODS: This secondary analysis uses interview data from a sub-sample of …16 young workers between 18 and 29 years of age who had been working in Canadian LTC facilities for between 8 months and 7 years. RESULTS: Young workers expressed feeling guilt about mourning the loss of socially significant milestones as these milestones paled by comparison to the loss of life and consequences of resident isolation they witnessed at work. To manage feelings of moral distress, young workers attempted to maintain high standards of care for LTC residents and engaged in self-care activities. For some workers, this was insufficient and leaving the field of LTC was their strategy to respond to their mental health needs. CONCLUSION: The life stage of young LTC workers influenced their experiences of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions are needed to support young workers’ wellbeing and job retention. Show more
Keywords: Long-term care, young adult, COVID-19, mental health, moral injury, policy, workers
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230437
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2023
Authors: Trivedi, Bansi | Pandya, Shailen | Modi, Meet | Lalwani, Nisha
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has put health care systems of many countries under major stress. Due to its high transmission capacity, it has spread across the globe at a rampant pace. India is one of the countries which has been severely affected by COVID-19. It has posed onerous tasks in front of doctors. Along with it, it has left physical, social and mental implications on well-being of doctors. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to get an in-depth understanding about the implications of COVID-19 on physical, social and mental aspects of resident doctors in tertiary …care hospital. METHOD: We performed a qualitative study which involved in-depth interviews of resident doctors who have worked during the COVID-19 pandemic from general medicine department of tertiary care hospital. Interviews were then manually transcribed and analyzed. RESULT: Data analysis by preparing transcript unveiled that doctors were constantly facing burnout and mental distress along with less social support. Our study also found that there was a shortage of resources and demonstrated poor doctor patient ratio which led to a decrease in efficiency of doctors. Our findings are not only confined to doctors facing burden but has also explored sanguine perceptions of resident doctors. CONCLUSION: While treating COVID-19 patients, resident doctors suffered a great setback. Providing them with mental aid, social support, ample resources and decreasing their work burden is recommended to effectively manage future pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Coronavirus disease, general medicine department, physician burnout, stress, work environment, hospital management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230138
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Belkić, Karen | Rustagi, Neeti
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Burnout among physicians, especially in the academic setting, is an urgent concern, with adequate sleep one of the key focal points. OBJECTIVE: To identify job stressors contributing to burnout and compromised sleep among academic physicians, using a comprehensive, theory-based instrument, the Occupational Stressor Index (OSI), whose specific form was created ‘for physicians by physicians’. METHODS: This parallel mixed-methods cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 109 physicians employed in a public teaching hospital, Jodhpur, India. Work conditions were evaluated by the physician-specific OSI (part I). The Copenhagen Burnout Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were the …outcome instruments (part II). Seventy-six physicians completed parts I and II. RESULTS: The physicians were from wide-ranging specialties, and 82% of the cohort were residents. Mean total OSI scores were 87.4±8.1, with unit-change yielding adjusted odds-ratios (95% confidence-intervals) for personal (1.10 (1.02–1.18)) and work-related burnout (1.12 (1.04–1.22)), and PSQI (1.09 (1.01–1.17)). Significant multivariable associations with burnout and/or sleep indices included: working 7 days/week, lacking work-free vacation, insufficient rest breaks, interruptions, many patients in intensive-care, no separate time for non-clinical duties, pressure to publish, injury/suicide attempts of colleagues/staff, performing pointless tasks. The latter were described as administrative/clerical. Lacking genuine rest breaks was mainly patient-related, further compromised by emergency work and lacking separate time for non-clinical duties. Long workhours and exhausting schedule were cited as most difficult parts of work, while reducing workhours, improving work schedule, and hiring more staff most frequently recommended. CONCLUSION: Specific working conditions potentially contributory to burnout and compromised sleep among physicians working in academic medicine are identified using a methodologically-rigorous, in-depth approach. These findings inform evidence-based interventions aimed at preserving physician mental health and work capacity. Show more
Keywords: Working conditions, physicians, hospitals, teaching, clinical medicine, occupational health, burnout, psychological, sleep
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230383
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2024
Authors: Danielsson, Louise | Frantz, Anna | Holmgren, Kristina
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: People seeking care at primary healthcare centres may be exposed to work-related stress, increasing the risk of future sick leave. Thus, it is important to identify work-related stress, and to explore how stress relates to work ability and health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between work-related stress and a) work ability, and b) self-rated health, among working women and men seeking care for physical or mental health complaints. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data (n = 232) from a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a brief intervention to prevent sick …leave. Data regarding work-related stress, work ability and self-rated health were analyzed using binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: In models adjusted for age, gender and education, high work-related stress measured by the Work Stress Questionnaire was significantly associated with low work ability. The highest odds ratio (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.66–6.42) was found between the domain “interference between work and leisure time” and work ability, suggesting a more than three times higher odds for low work ability when perceiving that work interferes with leisure time. No significant association was found between work-related stress and self-rated health. CONCLUSION: Health professionals should explore patients’ work-related stress when they seek care for physical or mental complaints in primary healthcare. Patients’ perceived balance between work and leisure time seems particularly important to address. Increased awareness might facilitate timely, relevant strategies to reduce stress and promote work ability. Show more
Keywords: Occupational health, occupational stress, work performance, primary care, primary prevention, mental health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230141
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Singh, Gajendra | Tewari, Virendra Kumar | Dubey, Arpan | Potdar, Rahul Rajaram
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Female agricultural workers contribute to 37% of the total agricultural workforce in India, however, most self-propelled machinery is designed for male agricultural workers. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine the impact of the ergo-refined operator’s workplace on various aspects of operator performance and comfort, including actuating force, posture, and physiological parameters. METHODS: Experiments were carried out in real field conditions using a full factorial randomized design. Twelve female operators participated in the study, and measurements were taken for control lever actuating force, operator posture, heart rate, and other relevant parameters. …RESULTS: The ergo-refined operator’s workplace intervention resulted in significant reductions in actuating force for various control levers, angles of joints, working heart rate (WHR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), muscle load, and whole-body vibration (WBV) acceleration. These reductions were observed under different operating conditions. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the ergo-refined operator’s workplace is effective in enhancing operator comfort and reducing physical strain during the operation of riding type self-propelled machines. It contributes to improved safety, comfort, and operational efficiency for operators working in field conditions. ANOVA and MANOVA analyses confirmed the positive impact of operating conditions and engine speed on the measured parameters when using the ergo-refined operator’s workplace. Show more
Keywords: Workplace, biophysical cost assessment, muscle fatigue, working heart rate, actuating force and whole body vibration
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220199
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2023
Authors: Evans, Kimeran W. | Myers, Douglas | Rockefeller, Kathleen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patient mobility tasks place rehabilitation professionals (Physical and Occupational Therapists) working in hospitals at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). However, when investigating engagement with a Safe Patient Handling and Mobility program (SPHM), administrative records at a level one trauma hospital showed that rehabilitation professionals reported zero work-related injuries over an eight-year period. OBJECTIVE: As part of a qualitative study conducted to discover their unique work experiences, we explored some of the reasons that rehabilitation professionals might not report work-related injuries to their employers. METHODS: Using a collective case study design, …six focus groups were conducted with 25 members of the rehabilitation team within a level-one trauma hospital. Focus groups were recorded; transcripts were analyzed for emergent themes using first and second cycle coding procedures. RESULTS: Participants in this study denied experiencing work-related injuries but frequently described working in pain, often attributed to patient mobility tasks. These experiences were not reported to employers. Self-management of their pain through co-worker treatment, over-the-counter medications, or informal alteration in job tasks were reported as common. CONCLUSION: Administrative injury records may underrepresent injuries among rehabilitation professionals. This may be due to their perception of work-related pain as something different than work-related injuries, or that many of these rehabilitation professionals treat their own work-related pain and symptoms rather than report them. To get a more accurate assessment of injury frequency among rehabilitation professionals, researchers should gather information directly from the participants, and should inquire about work-related pain in addition to injury. Show more
Keywords: Injuries, pain, rehabilitation, physical therapists, occupational therapists, hospitals, occupational groups
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230453
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Dunstan, Joel | Stenner, Brad | Carrick-Ranson, Graeme | Norton, Kevin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Firefighting is recognised as a physically demanding occupation involving exposure to hazardous environments and activities. An aging workforce combined with the age-related decline in physical fitness may result in increased future workers’ compensation expenditure for fire service organisations. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to investigate the costs associated with musculoskeletal sprain and strain injury and the impacts of age and injury location on Workers’ Compensation claims submitted by professional urban firefighters. METHODS: Claim rates, direct costs, and days lost were extracted from a professional Fire Service organisation’s workers’ compensation claim …database for financial years between 2011 to 2018. RESULTS: The mean cost per claim increased with age, with a mean claim cost of the 60–70-year-old group over 10 times more than the 20–29-year-old group. The mean days lost per claim were also higher for claims submitted by firefighters aged over 50. CONCLUSIONS: Older firefighters miss more workdays when injured and are associated with increased claims costs, particularly those in the 60–70-year group. With an aging workforce, Fire Service organisations must implement appropriate management and prevention strategies to reduce the potential risks associated with an aging workforce. Show more
Keywords: Ageing workforce, firefighter, workers’ compensation, sprain and strain injury
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230133
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-07, 2024
Authors: Duijs, Saskia Elise | van Wees, Martine | Abma, Tineke | Bourik, Zohra | Plak, Olivia | Jaspers, Yvonne | Jhingoeri, Usha | Senoussi, Naziha | Verdonk, Petra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The health of care workers in residential long-term care (LTC) is under pressure. Scholars emphasize the importance of gender-sensitive and intersectional approaches to occupational health. OBJECTIVE: To unravel how the health of nurses and nursing aides is shaped by gender, class, age, sexuality and race. METHODS: A qualitative participatory study. A participatory research team, consisting of academic scholars and nursing aides, conducted semi-structures interviews (N = 20) and one natural group discussion (N = 8 participants) to validate our findings. Thematic data-analysis was guided by gender and intersectionality theory. RESULTS: Empirical findings suggest that …gendered norms limit possibilities for self-care for female nurses and nursing aides. Feeling uncared for by society and LTC organizations, paid care workers describe how they take care of each other. These relational health strategies require a feeling of sameness, limiting space for diversity and disability within care teams. Care workers seen as ‘cultural other’, or those who experienced (chronic) health issues, financial struggles or informal caregiving, risked being excluded from relational care within care teams, which negatively impacted their health. CONCLUSIONS: Care workers’ relational health strategies are a gendered and care ethical response to the lack of societal and political care for LTC, but can become mechanisms of exclusion within care teams. This can be understood as a sign of exhaustion, shaped by adverse working conditions and leading to moral stress. The lack of societal appreciation needs to be addressed by occupational health physicians and LTC organizations, to counter mechanisms of exclusion among paid care workers. Show more
Keywords: Low-paid care workers, long-term care, occupational health, gender, intersectionality
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220653
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Jensen, Michael
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational therapy presently has a limited presence within the workplace wellness industry and the profession’s contribution within this area of practice is not fully understood. Occupational therapy’s holistic, occupation-based, and client-centered approach has the potential to provide a valuable contribution to the field of workplace wellness. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experience of organizational employees participating in a workplace wellness program centered in the occupational therapy domain and process. METHODS: Six occupational therapy workplace wellness program participants completed in-depth semi-structured interviews one month after program completion followed by deductive thematic analysis of transcripts. RESULTS: …Three themes emerged (sustainable change across context, process matters, and therapeutic relationship supporting wellness), along with subthemes, describing the participant experience. CONCLUSIONS: The structured and individualized process of occupational therapy delivered within a workplace wellness program was appreciated by participants as a means of addressing workplace wellness and providing sustainable wellness results. Show more
Keywords: Occupational therapy, work wellness, health promotion, occupational health, prevention
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230723
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Pang, Siu-Chuen | Iqbal, Zaheen Ahmed | Chow, Daniel Hung-Kay
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Trolley bags have gained popularity among students, but there is limited research comparing them to backpack-style school bags. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare how carrying a backpack versus a trolley bag affects the activity of trunk and lower limb muscles in secondary school students. METHODS: Electromyographic activity was measured in 25 students (13.4±1.1 years) as they walked on level ground and up/down stairs while carrying both types of bags. The activity of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, lumbar erector spinae, and rectus abdominis muscles was assessed on both the dominant and non-dominant …sides. RESULTS: The study found significantly reduced muscle activation in most of the targeted muscles when walking on level ground with the trolley bag and when going up/down stairs with the backpack. CONCLUSIONS: Lifting a trolley bag depends on the slope of the walking surface and is more efficient on level ground, while carrying a backpack is more efficient when going up and down stairs. Since it is not practical to switch bags when encountering stairs in schools, a bag with a mixed model design incorporating features of both trolley and backpack may be more beneficial and practical for students to use. Students, parents, and teachers should be aware of the injury risks associated with carrying different types of bags. Show more
Keywords: Backpack, trolley, students, electromyography, muscle activity, walking surface, walking slope
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230628
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Reineholm, Cathrine | Lundqvist, Daniel | Wallo, Andreas
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Organizations are in a state of continual evolution, driven by the relentless shifts in their external environments. Numerous theories have been proposed to understand the essential skills and capabilities for successful organizational change. Yet, there remains a gap in capturing a holistic view necessary to fully comprehend the dynamics of competence in today’s rapidly changing landscape. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to explore and consolidate the concept of ‘competence’ in the context of organizational change processes. METHODS: Employing an integrative literature review approach, a total of 3,230 studies were screened. Out of these, …32 studies were selected based on strict relevance and quality criteria, providing a robust foundation for the analysis. RESULTS: The findings reveal a multi-layered nature of organizational change, highlighting that the nature and prerequisites of change vary significantly across different organizational levels. By applying a competence lens, we discern how required competence during change are not uniform but rather vary depending on whether they are applied in an operational or strategic context. This demonstrates a nuanced, level-dependent variability in change competence across the organizational hierarchy. CONCLUSION: We conceptualize ‘change competence’ as a dual-faceted construct. It encompasses both the capacity to leverage existing organizational competence and the adeptness to develop new competence, thereby meeting the evolving demands imposed by both internal and external drivers of change. This comprehensive understanding paves the way for more effective strategies in managing organizational change. Show more
Keywords: Organizational change, change management, organizational innovation, workplace, learning, review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230633
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Katsu, Akane | Mackenzie, Lynette | Elliott, James M. | Mackey, Martin | Tyack, Zephanie
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This scoping review aimed to identify the barriers, facilitators and benefits of returning to work following burn injury, outcome measures used, management strategies, and models of care. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview about working-aged adults returning to their preinjury employment after burn injury METHODS: We followed a pre-determined scoping review protocol to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CCRCT and CDSR databases between 2000 to December 2023. Papers reporting primary data from previously employed adults with cutaneous burn injuries were included. RESULTS: In all, 90 articles met …the review criteria. Return-to-work was both an outcome goal and process of recovery from burn injury. Physical and psychological impairments were identified barriers. Job accommodations and modifications were important for supporting the transition from hospital to workplace. Employment status and quality of life sub-scales were used to measure return-to-work. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent definitions of work and measurements of return-to-employment after burn injury are priorities for future research. Longitudinal studies are more likely to capture the complexity of the return-to-employment process, its impact on work participation and changes in employment over time. The social context of work may assist or hinder return-to-work more than physical environmental constraints. Equitable vocational support systems would help address disparities in vocational rehabilitation services available after burn injury. Show more
Keywords: Return-to-work, burns, rehabilitation, employment, work performance, scoping review, occupational therapy
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230148
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-28, 2024
Authors: Crizol, Giuliana Raduan | Sá, Kamilla Mayr Martins | Santos, Giovanna Marcílio | Gonçalves, Marcela Letícia Leal | Mendes, Gustavo Duarte | Bussadori, Sandra Kalil | Pacheco, Rafael Leite | Riera, Rachel | Santos, Elaine Marcílio | Martimbianco, Ana Luiza Cabrera
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers’ occupational activity. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools based on the included study designs. Data …from studies were pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We identified 12 analytical cross-sectional studies involving 7821 participants in ports of five countries. Most studies (75%) had a moderate methodological quality according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Considering the overall worker categories and any musculoskeletal disorders, the meta-analysis showed a prevalence of 58% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 37% to 78%), with degenerative spinal diseases 42% (95% CI –0.6% to 91%) and low back pain 36% (95% CI 21% to 50%) being the most prevalent conditions. Symptoms were predominantly in foremen and stevedores. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal disorders seem prevalent among dockworkers, mainly degenerative spinal diseases and low back pain. Studies with greater methodological consistency are still needed to validate these hypotheses and assist in decision-making for implementing preventive and informational policies in maritime port management organizations. PROSPERO registry CRD42021257677. Show more
Keywords: Dockworker, occupational diseases, cumulative trauma disorders, occupational groups, prevalence, systematic review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230666
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Çağatay, Hüseyin Tolga | Demirel, Yüksel | Ertuğrul, Bekir | Tekinyıldız, Esra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Culture has an important role in maximizing the value of human capital, which is regarded as the main source of organizational effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The research was conducted to determine the effect of organizational culture perceptions of healthcare professionals working in a university hospital on employee flourishing. METHODS: It is a descriptive study conducted with 299 healthcare professionals working in a university hospital. “Structured Personal Information Form”, “Denison Organizational Culture Survey” and “New Flourishing Index” to collect the data. In the analysis descriptive statistical methods such as percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean and standard …deviation as well as Pearson correlation, linear regression and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between variables. RESULTS: According to the results of linear regression analysis, it was determined that organizational culture and flourishing were related (F : 88.229; p < 0.05). The organizational culture alone explained 22.6% of flourishing. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the relationship between organizational culture sub-dimensions and flourishing was significant (F = 25.975; p < 0.05). The sub-dimensions of organizational culture explained 25.1% of the flourishing. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the study, it is observed that the perception of organizational culture of healthcare professionals has an impact on flourishing, and therefore the favorable development of organizational culture will contribute positively to employee flourishing. In present conditions, it has become a necessity for health organizations to provide the circumstances that will make all investments that will contribute positively to the flourishing of their employees a part of the organizational culture. Show more
Keywords: Corporate culture, organizational change, well-being, happiness, health services administration
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230286
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Dost, Ayse | Üner, Elif
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Retail workers comprise millions of people, but little is known about their eating behaviors and food consumption patterns. OBJECTIVE: To examine the healthy eating behaviors and food consumption frequencies of retail workers in shopping malls. METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 385 retail employees working in ready-made garment stores of shopping malls in Istanbul (42% of those eligible). A descriptive information form, the nutrition subscale of the Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), and the Food Consumption Frequency Survey were used as data collection tools. RESULTS: It was …determined that more than half of the participants skipped breakfast and other meals and consumed fast food and packaged and acidic drinks five to six days a week. The mean score of the participants on the HPLP-nutrition subscale was determined to be 11.79±3.29. CONCLUSIONS: The retail workers in shopping malls were found to have insufficient healthy eating behaviors, a low frequency of healthy food consumption, and a high level of fast-food consumption. Maintaining healthy eating habits is crucial for the health of employees. It is necessary for workplaces to take steps to help their employees become aware of and practice healthy eating. Workplaces should also be encouraged to provide healthy food options for their employees. Show more
Keywords: Retail worker, healthy eating, shopping mall
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230460
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-08, 2024
Authors: Hagendijk, Marije E. | Tan, Zhouwen | Melles, Marijke | Hoving, Jan L. | van der Burg-Vermeulen, Sylvia J. | Zipfel, Nina
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Value-based healthcare delivery focuses on optimizing care provided by measuring the healthcare outcomes which are most important to the clients relative to the total care costs. However, the understanding of what adds value for clients during work disability assessment is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To explore what medical examiners (MEs) perceive as valuable during the work disability assessment process, by exploring possible: 1) facilitators, 2) barriers and 3) opportunities to add value for the client during the work disability assessment. METHODS: For this explorative qualitative study, 7 semi-structured interviews were conducted with MEs in …the Netherlands. Thematic coding was performed for all interviews. RESULTS: A large variety of facilitators (n = 22), barriers (n = 17) and opportunities (n = 11) were identified and inductively subdivided into four main themes: 1) coherent process, including all time related aspects, 2) interdisciplinary collaboration, including all aspects related to the collaboration between the ME and other professionals, 3) client-centred interaction, including all aspects related to the supportive interplay from the ME towards the client, and 4) information provision on all aspects during the work disability assessment process towards the client to ensure a valuable work disability assessment process. CONCLUSIONS: The overview of identified possible facilitators, barriers and opportunities to add value for clients from the perspective of the ME may stimulate improvement in the current work disability assessment practice and to better match the client needs. Show more
Keywords: Vocational guidance, return to work, sick leave, value-based health care, delivery of health care, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230305
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Article Type: Correction
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246008
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-1, 2024
Authors: Matsuo, Akiko | Tsujita, Masaki | Kita, Kotoko | Ayaya, Satsuki | Kumagaya, Shin-ichiro
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Presenteeism-induced productivity loss is a global concern. This issue is equally serious in Japan. As a “super-aged society,” maintaining and promoting Japanese employees’ health is an urgent issue. The combination of these factors makes it imperative to identify the factors that affect presenteeism and clarify the mechanisms driving these factors in Japanese organizations. OBJECTIVE: Only a few extant studies address presenteeism as a performance variable. Presenteeism can create serious productivity losses in Japan, as it is a “super-aged society.” Hence, this study aims to clarify the relationships between humble leadership, psychological safety, and presenteeism …in Japanese organizations. METHODS: We hypothesized that psychological safety mediated the effect of humble leadership on presenteeism. The data of 462 employees from 11 companies were analyzed. RESULTS: The results supported our hypothesis. Additionally, leader humility, as perceived by the followers, was positively correlated with leaders’ own psychological safety in their teams. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to the existing literature by highlighting the roles of humble leadership and psychological safety in health and productivity management while accounting for cultural influences. The practical implications of our findings and future directions are also discussed. Show more
Keywords: Organizational management, leadership, safety, presenteeism, productivity, culture
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230197
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Medeni, Volkan | Tokatli Doğan, Merve | Medeni, İrem | Uğraş Dikmen, Asiye | İlhan, Mustafa Necmi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Caregivers assist patients in treatment based on their care needs and living activities. Very few studies have been conducted specifically on the occupational health and safety of hospital caregivers. OBJECTİVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of excessive workload and low back pain among hospital caregivers and to identify potential associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included caregivers working at Gazi University Hospital. Socio-demographic and working-life characteristics were assessed. The Role Overload Scale was used to determine excessive workload and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was used to evaluate low back pain. RESULTS: …The study included 528 participants. A total of 18.7% had work accidents in their department. 49.0% had sharp injuries. 68.9% of the participants performed tasks such as positioning, turning, lifting, or helping patients to walk. 72.2% stood for a long time during the workday. 52.8% thought that they worked under stress. 57.6% had low back pain in the last year and 38.6% in the last month, Significant differences exist in low back pain according to gender, body-mass index, standing for a long time and working under stress. Those who worked at night, had a work accident, positioned patients, stood for a long time, and worked under stress had higher mean scores on the Role Overload Scale. CONCLUSION: Tools should be used to lift and transport patients. In addition to occupational health and safety training, awareness of musculoskeletal risks should be increased. Employee well-being can be improved through exercise and stress reduction techniques. Show more
Keywords: Caregivers, health personnel, low back pain, workload, occupational accidents, wounds and injuries
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230524
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Oral, Belgin | Solak, Yavuzalp | Durmuş, Hasan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: While absenteeism refers to not attending work, presenteeism is defined as not being present at work. These two conditions, which negatively affect employee health, can be indicators of work efficiency, work peace, work safety and work engagement. OBJECTIVE: Several factors were evaluated in this study concerning absenteeism and presenteeism among factory workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among workers in a factory operating in a heavy industry in southern Turkey in 2021. A survey consisting of 57 questions was applied to 152 factory workers by face-to-face interview method. The participants’ behaviour over the last …month was evaluated regarding absenteeism and presenteeism. RESULTS: It was reported that 24 (15.8%) of all employees were absent from work in the last month (absenteeism), excluding holidays and sick leave, and that 20 (13.2%) employees engaged in presenteeism, working when they should not have been at the workplace. There was a high absenteeism rate among employees who had an acute illness and were dissatisfied with their jobs. Several factors have been associated with presenteeism, including poor economic conditions, family health problems, previous unemployment, working overtime, job dissatisfaction, poor relationships with colleagues and difficulty finding a replacement, acute illness, sleep problems and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the productivity and commitment of employees, it may be useful to identify the reasons for absenteeism and present behaviours, to facilitate effective interpersonal communication skills by examining the organisational climate of employees, and to regulate workload based on a comprehensive assessment of the health status of employees. Show more
Keywords: Presenteeism, absenteeism, occupational health, employee health, total worker health, industry health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230642
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Youssfi, Imen | Mechergui, Najla | Ziedi, Hiba | Mersni, Mariem | Chemingui, Siwar | Haouari, Wala | Aouida, Dorra | Youssef, Imen | Ladhari, Nizar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCW) may experience anxiety and prolonged work schedules during pandemics. The mental health status after a COVID-19 infection and the work ability of HCW are interesting criteria in assessing their fitness to work at the return to work (RTW) medical visit. OBJECTIVES: To assess mental health and work ability after a COVID-19 infection among HCW at the RTW medical visit. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out among HCW of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunisia infected with COVID-19 from September to December 2020. Anxiety and depression were screened using the …Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The perceived ability to work at RTW was measured using the Work Ability Index (WAI). RESULTS: We included 531 HCW. The median age was 40 years. HCW belonged to surgical departments (36.9%) and were nurses (32.4%). The median delay to RTW was 15 days (IQR: 13–18). At the RTW medical visit, certain anxiety and depression were found in 36.5% and 33.3% of the patients respectively. The perceived work ability was evaluated as good to very good in 37.8% of cases. The delay to RTW increased proportionally with a better-perceived work ability (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Our study described the perceived work ability and the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the HCW at the RTW medical visit after COVID-19 infection in the early stages of the pandemic. Specific strategies for RTW after COVID-19 should take into consideration the mental health and work ability of HCW. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, COVID-19, work ability, healthcare worker
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230352
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Mänttäri, Satu | Rauttola, Ari-Pekka | Halonen, Janne | Karkulehto, Jutta | Säynäjäkangas, Pihla | Oksa, Juha
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Background: The body of literature regarding the use of an upper limb exoskeleton during authentic working conditions is sparse. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an upper limb exoskeleton in reducing muscle strain during authentic industrial construction work. Methods: Fifteen male participants, comprising of roofers, scaffolders, builders, bricklayers, and graders performing overhead work participated in the study. During work without (REF) and with exoskeleton (EXO), muscle activity from 8 muscles, heart rate (HR), metabolic equivalent (MET), and upper arm elevation angles were recorded. Results: …When using the exoskeleton, a significant reduction of 20.2% in average muscle activity of 8 muscles was found. The largest effect focused on m. deltoideus , where 46.2 and 32.2% reduction occurred in medial and anterior parts of the muscle, respectively. HR and MET were unaffected. Upper arm elevation angles were similar between REF and EXO, indicating equal biomechanical loading. Conclusions: This study indicates that exoskeletons show great promise in reducing the potential for musculoskeletal strain during authentic overhead construction work. Show more
Keywords: Passive exoskeleton, overhead work, physical workload, construction work, shoulder load, usability
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230218
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Gelaw, Asmare | Parker, Sharon | Johnson, Anya | Nguyen, Helena | Jolly, Anu | Forner, Vivien | Deng, Connie | Collie, Alex
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health and Social Care (HSC) workers face psychological health risks in the workplace. While many studies have described psychological injuries in HSC workers, few have examined the determinants. Previous research has primarily focused on hospitals, lacking systematic reviews of community-based settings. OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify and appraise current evidence on the determinants of psychological injuries among HSC workers in community settings. METHODS: Searches were conducted in three bibliographic databases, supplemented by citation searches. Included studies focused on community-based HSC workers, reporting statistical associations between psychological injury and personal, health, occupational, or organizational …factors. Quantitative studies published in English between January 1, 2000 and August 15, 2023 were included. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. RESULTS: Sixty-six studies were included. Study quality was highly variable, and all studies were cross-sectional. Twenty-three studies linked psychological injury with occupational factors (e.g. low job control, high job demands and low job satisfaction). Thirteen studies observed an association between work environment and psychological injury, and a further eleven between workplace social support and psychological injury. Fewer studies have examined the relationship between psychological injury and personal/individual factors. CONCLUSION: Occupational and organisational factors are significantly associated with psychological health among HSA workers, in community settings. These aspects of job design, work environment and workplace relationships are modifiable, suggesting an opportunity for work design interventions to improve workers’ psychological health and reduce the prevalence of psychological injury in this sector. Show more
Keywords: Psychosocial factors, psychological injury, occupational factors, organisational factors, work environment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230426
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-25, 2024
Authors: Serafim, Rômulo Silva | Bispo, Lucas Gomes Miranda | da Silva, Jonhatan Magno Norte | da Silva, Joel Gomes
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) encompass a range of conditions affecting muscles, tendons, and nerves. Visual diagrams are widely used to identify symptoms and to generate musculoskeletal discomfort metrics. However, there is no consensus on the number of discomfort dimensions that can originate from self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms by individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the fit of WMSD symptom models from workers in two samples of different sizes. METHODS: A combination of Full-Information Item Factor Analysis (FIFA) and Item Response Theory (IRT) was utilized to analyze and test the models. The study …was conducted in two samples of workers (n 1 = 6944 and n 2 = 420) who had their symptoms identified with the aid of a human body diagram. An analysis was conducted considering each sample’s unidimensional and three multidimensional models. RESULTS: The unidimensional model (general musculoskeletal discomfort), bi-dimensional model (discomfort in upper and lower body), and tridimensional model (discomfort in the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk) showed good values of factor loading and communalities, along with satisfactory item discrimination ability. Regardless of sample size, parameter estimation for IRT and FIFA proceeded without issues, presenting suitable fit parameters. CONCLUSION: Three models were valid and reliable for more extensive and smaller samples. However, the tridimensional model was best for generating discomfort scores in body regions. Companies and safety professionals can use these findings to devise strategies to mitigate musculoskeletal pains based on perceived symptom locations. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, pain measurement, ergonomic assessment, occupational health, model, statistical
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230480
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Viniston J, Sam Blessing | Bhushan, Shivanand | Saha, Shovan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a severe occupational health issue among medical radiation practitioners. It is mostly linked to personal protective wear, working posture, tools employed and ergonomics. OBJECTIVE: To assess and evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders among nuclear medicine professionals (NMP) in India. METHODS: An online survey was distributed to 455 NMP throughout India between November 2021 and March 2022 covering the demographic characteristics and questions for evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Participants with any pre-existing musculoskeletal disorder or trauma were excluded. Descriptive statistics summarized the data …from the demographics, discomfort, aches and work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Chi-square test was used to examine the association between the obtained values. RESULTS: 91 out of 124 respondents were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results shows that there is a significant association between the height of the individual and neck pain, body mass index and elbows pain, age and low back pain, experience in the current work and upper back pain, the weight of the individual and knee pain, use of mobile lead screens and shoulder pain, use of gonad shield, trouble in the ankles and use of lead screens, and QC phantoms for gamma camera / PET and wrists/hands pain. CONCLUSION: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among NMP are resulting from factors of individual demographic variables (such as age, height, weight, body mass index), years of experience at the current workplace and of using instruments in their work area. Show more
Keywords: Nuclear medicine professionals, musculoskeletal disorders, health safety, work place
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230693
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Sortillón-González, Patricia Eugenia | Maldonado-Macías, Aidé Aracely | Saénz-Zamarrón, David | Hernandez-Arellano, Juan Luis | De la Vega-Bustillos, Enrique Javier
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The sculpting craft must adopt awkward postures that lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MD) and its associations with postural risk factors, demographics, and work characteristics among sculptors. They were determined the differences between MDs during the weeks of the study. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted; MD was investigated using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). Posture was assessed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment method (RULA). Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models analyzed associations with different factors. ANOVA was used to test for …differences in MD prevalence. RESULTS: The analysis included 585 responses by body region. The prevalence of MD was high in the lower and upper limbs among sculptors (67.6%), with the lower back, upper arm, neck, and knees being the four most affected regions. Gender (female) (OR = 2.15), marital status (married) (OR = 1.80), health risk (obesity), the dual of a secondary job (OR = 1.94), job stress (OR = 2.10), duration of work (OR = 2.01), and difficulty keeping up with work (OR = 2.00) were significant predictors contributing to the occurrence of MD in different body regions. Only shoulder MD prevalence showed significant differences between study weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Sculptors suffer from MD. Demographic and work characteristic factors influence MD prevalence. Postural training, improved adaptation of work organization, and intervention guidance on ergonomic risks may reduce the prevalence of MD and the risk of MSDs in this population. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, posture, art, ergonomics, prevalence, health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220535
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Hsieh, Yu-Wen | Huang, Charles Lung-Cheng
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Police work, known for its high stress, exhibits elevated depression rates. OBJECTIVE: This study explores stress and depression in male officers, examining personality traits, coping strategies, family, and social support. Aligned with the diathesis–stress hypothesis and job demands–resources model, it aims to illuminate these factors in policing. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-four male police officers from Yunlin, Taiwan were enrolled in this study. Structured measurements of stress level, depression symptoms, personality traits, family functioning, and social support were made. We used multiple regression analysis to assess predictors of stress level and depression …and identified coping strategies used by the police officers. RESULTS: Of the 264 male police officers, 36.4% had clinically significant depression. Occupational stress was mostly related to organizational factors. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, personality traits, officer’s rank, and period of education obtained could predict police officers’ occupational stress. Personality traits, social support, occupational stress, and period of education obtained could predict depression. The most frequently used coping strategies were drinking and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study support the diathesis–stress hypothesis and the job demands–resources model. Enhancing male police officers’ mental well-being requires addressing key factors like social support and occupational stress. Strategic measures, such as mental health education, destigmatization, counseling, and community-building, are vital. Policymakers should collaborate with mental health professionals for tailored interventions, fostering a healthier work environment. Show more
Keywords: Occupational stress, depression, police, diathesis–stress hypothesis, coping strategies, personality traits
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230452
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Emerick, Giselly Storch | Zandonade, Eliana | Prado, Camila Bruneli do | Pires, Luciana Bicalho Cevolani | Bezerra, Ol&ıvia Maria de Paula Alves | Salaroli, Luciane Bresciani
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a reflection of the health emergency caused by COVID-19, many countries adopted guidelines, which included activity restrictions. As a result, some companies maintained their activities with on-site work and telework. OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the morbidity and mortality profile due to COVID-19 of workers in telework and on-site work in an oil and gas company. METHODS: Cross-sectional, quantitative, and analytical study that included 8,394 workers diagnosed with COVID-19 at an oil and gas company in Brazil, from June 2020 to June 2021. The company’s Surveillance Program database was used as an information source. …RESULTS: The total prevalence of cases was 21.7% . For teleworking and face-to-face workers, they were 20.7% and 23.3%, respectively. There was a predominance of women (19.7%), white ethnicity/colour (64.7%), higher level position (52.6%), age group over 40 years (36.7%), married (53, 8%), working at the company for a period that ranges from 7 to 10 years (17%), administrative activity (68.5%), and a higher number of symptomatic workers and deaths in telework compared to on-site work. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that testing is important to refrain the virus spread in the company’s work environments, as it allowed asymptomatic workers to be diagnosed with COVID-19. The study suggested that on-site work was not a transmission facilitator in the occupational environment, which points out the importance of preventive measures in the workplace and the adoption of remote work for the largest possible number of workers to improve the safety of employees, workers who remained in the on-site work modality. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, occupational groups, oil and gas industry, teleworking, workplace, occupational health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230114
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Audet, Jessika | Lecours, Alexandra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering current labour shortages, the recent increase in the number of aging workers in the labour market is deemed economically beneficial. However, due to specific characteristics (e.g. biological, generational), aging workers take longer to recover and return to work after an occupational injury. Yet, few studies have examined the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work process of aging workers and current knowledge makes it difficult for stakeholders to identify which interventions to use with this specific population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe which interventions are used in the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work …process of aging workers having suffered an occupational injury. METHODS: We conducted a five-step scoping review. Five databases were used for the literature search. A qualitative analysis of the retained manuscripts was conducted. RESULTS: Our analysis led to the extraction of information from seven manuscripts that concern the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work process of aging workers who suffered an occupational injury exclusively. We identified 19 interventions (e.g. work capacity development, work task modifications, permanent part-time work, and alternative roles) and were described according to the different phases of the Cycle of Work Disability Prevention (CWDP). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers informative, non-prescriptive, and operational interventions useful for stakeholders who support aging workers. Furthermore, it is a knowledge base to develop future projects that promote the rehabilitation, return, and stay at work process of aging workers. Show more
Keywords: Older worker, occupational injury, occupational rehabilitation, intervention, return-to-work, stay-at-work, scoping review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230509
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Yi, Cannan | Yang, Dan | Zhou, Shuyi | Li, Kai Way | Hu, Hong
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pushing is a typical workplace activity that may result in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A convenient method of assessing the risk of MSDs is to determine the association between the force applied and the subjective rating of force exertion. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the subjective rating of force exertion and the force applied to both a fixed and a movable handle. It also aimed to confirm that the participants could apply a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height. METHODS: A one-handed pushing experiment was conducted. In …the push-to-scale session, the participants pushed a handle fixed on a rig on four levels on the CR-10 scale. The push force was measured. In the force-rating session, the participants rated their force exertions when pushing a movable handle with metal blocks suspended on the two sides. The subjective ratings on the CR-10 were recorded. RESULTS: The one-handed push force at shoulder height was significantly higher than that at elbow height. More effort was needed to push on a movable handle than a fixed one. Two regression models were established to describe the relationship between the push force and the subjective ratings of pushing for each of the fixed and movable handles, respectively. The correlation coefficient results showed that these models are adequate to describe the relationship between the one-handed push force and the ratings of the CR-10 scale. CONCLUSION: Participants applied a higher one-handed push force at shoulder height than at elbow height was confirmed. Participants needed more efforts to push the movable handle under the same CR-10 level than the fixed handle. The predictive models developed in this study may be used to estimate the push force for one-handed pushing tasks when assessing the risk of MSDs. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, one-handed push force, subjective rating, push-to-scale, CR-10 scale
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230432
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Júdice, Pedro B. | Silva, Hélio | Teno, Sabrina C. | Hetherington-Rauth, Megan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged periods of sitting have been linked to negative health outcomes. Implementation of sit-stand desks in the workplace has been one strategy to reduce prolonged sitting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of sit-stand workstations on reducing sitting time and improving other health outcomes of office-based workers. METHODS: 39 Portuguese office workers were randomized into a 6-month parallel-group cluster RCT consisting by the implementation of sit-stand desks in the workplace. The primary outcome of sitting time was assessed using ActivPAL. Secondary outcomes included biometric, psychological, and diet-related variables. All outcomes were assessed at …baseline and 6 months for the whole sample and at 3 months for a sub-sample of the intervention group (n = 11). RESULTS: No significant time*group interaction was found for the primary or secondary outcomes, apart from waist circumference favoring the control group (Δ –1.81 cm, pinteraction = 0.04). There were significant changes within the intervention group for sitting time (–44.0 min/day), prolonged sitting (>30 min) (–45.3 min/day) and standing time (51.7 min/day) at 3 months in the sub-sample and in prolonged sitting (>30 min) (–26 min/day) in the full intervention group (p < 0.05). Changes were also observed within the intervention group for percent body fat (Δ –3.7%) and ratings of quality of life (Δ 2.2), musculoskeletal discomfort (Δ –4.9), overall fatigue (Δ –2.2), and the need for recovery after work (Δ –1.7) at 6-month follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although not being effective for reducing sitting time, the implementation of sit-stand desks in the Portuguese workspace was shown to be feasible over the long term, received well by users, and may offer other health benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registration, OSF.IO/JHGPW. Registered 15 November 2022. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW. Show more
Keywords: Sitting time, sedentary behavior, contextual modification, ActivPAL, standing time
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230624
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Vitale, Elsa | Mea, Rocco | Chang, Yun-Chen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In Italy, cultural and professional nursing improvements are reached thanks to the university-based education which marks the clinical competency and the professional autonomy in nursing decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To highlight how Italian nurses perceived their nursing autonomy level in the main action-points highlighted in the Italian regulation law according to sex, age, work experience, education, shift and ward. METHODS: A cohort explorative study was carried out from September 2022 to January 2023 to highlight how Italian nurses perceived their nursing autonomy levels in the main action-points highlighted in the Italian regulation law for the nursing profession …according to demographic characteristics, like: gender, age, work of experience, education, shift, ward employment. RESULTS: A total of 403 nurses were enrolled. Significant differences were recorded in: decision-making authority in patient care and shift (p ≤0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.045); ability to initiate nursing interventions and education (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.011); collaboration and communication with healthcare team members and education (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.010); independence in clinical judgment and critical thinking and shift (p < 0.001); responsibility for the planning and evaluation of nursing care and education (p = 0.005) and shift (p = 0.002) and ward employment (p = 0.013); autonomy in professional development and continuing education and shift (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted the intricate world both of the healthcare surrounding and the abilities to act autonomously within the multiprofessional staff. Future studies will develop qualitative and phenomenological designs in order to better define in which fields nurses will act their professional autonomy. Show more
Keywords: Age, nursing, professional autonomy, sex, shift work schedule, ward, work experience
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230740
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Nazari, Shima | Zamani, Aida | Farokhnezhad Afshar, Pouya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress is inevitable in the nursing profession, and ways of coping are one of the solutions to reduce stress. Social support is one of the influencing factors on coping strategies, but there is probably a difference between the effects of received or perceived social support on coping strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between received and perceived social support with ways of coping in nurses. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 292 nurses by simple random sampling. The data collection tool included Zimmet’s multidimensional perceived social support …scale, McCain and Marklin’s perceived social support questionnaire, and Lazarus’ ways of coping questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests in SPSS v.22. RESULTS: The results showed that received social support (β= 0.20, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (β= 0.35, p < 0.001) are able to explain changes in the dimension of seeking social support. Received social support (β= 0.16, p = 0.005) and perceived social support (β= 0.22, p < 0.001) are able to explain changes after positive reappraisal, but only received social support could explain changes in accepting responsibility (β= 0.15, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed that received and perceived social support have a significant correlation with ways of coping, but only able to explain the changes in social support seeking dimensions, positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility. Both types of social support are necessary, but that received social support covered more adaptive coping strategies. Show more
Keywords: Received social support, perceived social support, coping strategies, nurse, job satisfaction, mental health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230337
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Baytak, Sevgi | Dogru-Huzmeli, Esra | Uysal, Halil Hakan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Caring for neurological patients poses a serious burden on caregivers, even in normal times. It is likely that this burden has become even more painful post-COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care burden of those who care for patients with chronic neurological diseases. METHODS: The study included 50 patients and 50 caregivers. All the tests were conducted twice, it was answered firstly, according to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic, and secondly, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The depression levels of the patients and caregivers were assessed with the Beck …Depression Scale, their sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, their quality of life was assessed with the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, and caregivers’ burden of care was evaluated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. RESULTS: It was observed at the end of the study that the depression levels of patients (p = 0.00), and caregivers (p = 0.00) increased post-COVID-19 pandemic, the sleep quality of caregivers (p = 0.00), and patients (p = 0.02) decreased post-COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, it was determined that caregivers’ burden of care increased (p = 0.00). Sub-parameters of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, physical functioning (p = 0.02), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.00), and role limitations due to emotional problems (p = 0.03) decreased for caregivers. CONCLUSION: In summary, we concluded that the well-being and psychological status of both patients and their caregivers were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, burden, neurological disorders, caregiver, quality of life, depression
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230710
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Medic-Pericevic, Sonja | Mikov, Ivan | Spanovic, Milorad | Maric, Nada | Zvekic-Svorcan, Jelena | Krasnik, Rastislava
Article Type: Case Report
Abstract: BACKGROUND: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is upper-limb disorder, more frequent in women. It is rarely recognized as an occupational disease. OBJECTIVE: In this paper we reported work related de Quervain’s tenosynovitis in cow milker. METHODS: Ergonomic risk factors were assessed by utilizing assessment of repetitive tasks (ART) of the upper limbs method. Physical examination and imaging exams were used. RESULTS: We presented a 36-year-old female agricultural worker (workplace cow milker) exposed to work factors (forceful hand/wrist exertions, repetition, extreme postures) for 14 years. She was suffering the pain in the right …hand, mainly near the thumb for few years. She was treated conservatively and surgically, however disability was permanent. Clinical examination showed slight edema of the right hand, increased palm’s sweating. Patient had reduced range of movements and grip strength. CONCLUSIONS: Report shows that work-related factors were strongly associated with diagnosed de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Hand function plays an essential role in carrying out activities of daily living and this disorder pose a relevant burden of disease. Exposure to biomechanical factors should be an important initial target for the prevention of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis in the working population. Show more
Keywords: Work related musculoskeletal disorder, agriculture, workplace, treatment, disability, employee health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230135
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Manno, Christine M. | Glade, Rachel | Koch, Lynn C. | Simon, Lauren S. | Rumrill, Phillip D. | Rosen, Christopher C.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to overcome obstacles to entry and inclusion in the workplace, individuals with disabilities engage in various impression management strategies to present themselves as the socially acceptable ‘ideal employee.’ OBJECTIVE: This study expands on previous disclosure research by asking individuals with disabilities to share their experiences of identity management and workplace challenges. METHODS: We leveraged qualitative research techniques to explore the reciprocal impact of workplace treatment and disclosure. RESULTS: Impression management emerged as an especially salient aspect of participants’ disclosure decisions, and participants used an array of impression management tactics. Some employees …with disabilities described positive experiences; however, we also learned that impression management can present unique challenges that may outweigh potential benefits. CONCLUSION: Our findings affirm that managing the image we project can be remarkably complicated and effortful when having a disability. This paper concludes with implementation recommendations for vocational rehabilitation counselors and human resource practitioners. Show more
Keywords: Disability, impression management, employment, vocational rehabilitation, human resource management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246007
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Vasconcelos, Bianca M. | Santos, Cynthia Jordão de Oliveira | Soeiro, Alfredo | Barkokébas Junior, Béda
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Safety design covers proactive actions as it analyzes accident risks early in the enterprise life cycle, and considers the designer acting on accident prevention as a member of the construction team. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes an accident investigation to establish links between accident causes and design to support Prevention through Design (PtD) tools. METHODS: This article analyzed more than a thousand severe and fatal accident cases in the construction sector. A systematic analysis method was structured based on descriptions of accident causes and measures that could be taken to avoid accidents. …RESULTS: Analyzing the severe and fatal accidents, the safety measures implemented in the project design could avoid at least 23.6% of the events. As a result, the architectural and structural designs were more effective in accident prevention. The reference percentages and the design types that are more effective in preventing accidents are analyzed through a representative sample of the analysis of the accident. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to applying safety guidelines in design projects, directly assisting in project and construction management. Show more
Keywords: Design for safety, building safety, risk identification
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220613
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Han, Lei | Du, Zhigang | He, Shiming
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of traffic sign information volume (TSIV) on the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers were investigated in this study. TSIV plays a crucial role in road traffic safety, and understanding its impact on drivers is essential for designing effective traffic sign systems. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers under varying TSIV doses through simulated driving tests. The objective was to provide insights for optimizing the design of road TSIV. METHODS: Six TSIV levels were considered: S0, S1, …S2, S3, S4, and S5, representing different workload levels. Participants, including both novice and experienced drivers, were involved in simulated driving scenarios with varying TSIV levels. Eye movement data was collected using an eye tracker device. The study was conducted in China, and appropriate driving simulators and equipment were utilized. RESULTS: The findings revealed several valuable results. Experienced drivers exhibited a higher proportion of saccade behavior in the 30–90 ms time period and did not show rapid saccade behavior during the 0–30 ms period, indicating superior visual search strategies. Both novice and experienced drivers demonstrated improved visual cognitive abilities at the S3 level of TSIV, which corresponds to normal and safe driving conditions. Furthermore, a majority of both groups had saccade amplitudes in the range of 0°–4°, with experienced drivers showing a slightly higher proportion. About 82% of experienced drivers had saccade behavior within the range of 0°–2°, compared to 75% of novice drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that the S3 level of TSIV, corresponding to 30 bits/km, is optimal for both novice and experienced drivers. This level promotes better visual performance and reduces visual workload, indicating that drivers’ information acquisition capacity and visual search strategies are maximized while keeping the workload associated with driving at a minimum. These findings have significant implications for enhancing driving safety. Show more
Keywords: TSIV, novice drivers, experienced drivers, driving safety, visual characteristics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230349
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Al-Emara, Zahraa | Karaharju-Suvanto, Terhi | Furu, Patrick | Furu, Heidi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are leading causes for long sickness absences and early retirement. Dental work is physically strenuous, and many studies have shown a relation between work-related MSDs and dentistry. However, fewer studies have focused on how these conditions affect the work ability of dentists. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the relationship between MSD, work ability and sickness absences in Finnish dentists and dental students. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 1200 dental workers and students. It inquired of age, gender, use of dental loupes, physical exercise, use of health care, and …site, length and frequency of musculoskeletal complaints. Work ability was assessed with four parameters: work ability score (WAS), future work ability (FWA), self-estimation of MSD-related work disability, and sickness absence days. RESULTS: The questionnaire gained 255 responses (response rate 21%). The majority (90%) of the respondents had experienced MSD during the past year but only eleven percent of them had been on sick leave. MSDs correlated significantly with WAS, FWA and MSD-related work disability. Results remained significant even age adjusted. Age was a strong predictor of declined work ability, but gender, physical exercise or dental loupe use did not have a significant impact. CONCLUSIONS: Despite all the ergonomic advances in modern dentistry, the occurrence of MSD symptoms is still high. MSDs seem to affect dentists’ work ability significantly, but amount of sickness absence is relatively low, which may indicate a high level of presenteeism. Show more
Keywords: Dentistry, occupational health, musculoskeletal diseases, work ability, health care
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230303
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-09, 2024
Authors: Entezarizarch, Elham | Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl | Madreseh, Elham | Abbasinia, Marzieh | Abdi, Hanieh
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Driving represents a multifaceted cognitive endeavor, demanding heightened vigilance and swift responses. Considering the high statistics of driving accidents and heavy loads, as well as the effect of the driver’s age on the occurrence of accidents, it is important to investigate these factors to reduce accidents. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of mental workload on the performance of young and older drivers in a dynamic driving scenario to compare cognitive performance, workload perception, and driving outcomes between the two age groups. METHODS: Cognitive tests including the Stroop test, Continuous Performance test, and Focused Attention …test were conducted, alongside the use of the DALI questionnaire to measure workload levels. Participants encompassed twenty male drivers, divided into two age groups: 20 to 35 years and 55 to 70 years, with varying years of driving experience. The study entailed a dynamic driving scenario involving a designated route in Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Results exhibited differences in workload scores between the age groups, particularly in dimensions such as visual demand, auditory demand, attention, and interference. Older drivers demonstrated heightened cognitive and physical demands during driving, implying a greater need for attention and cognitive effort. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that navigating through congested roads and dense urban traffic significantly elevates the mental workload for drivers, consequently impacting their cognitive functioning. Given the critical need for attention in driving, this heightened workload can manifest as increased fatigue, increasing stress levels, and diminished concentration, all of which substantially raise the risk of vehicular accidents. Furthermore, the study highlighted a particular concern for older drivers, whose diminished cognitive capacities further raise their vulnerability to accidents under such demanding driving conditions. Show more
Keywords: Workload, performance, stroop test, drivers, cognitive, safety, driving
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230473
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Kang, Liangguo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Like other things, psychological safety has a too-much-of-a-good-thing effect on the risk prevention process. There are warranted systematic and theoretical discussions on both positive and negative influences of psychological safety, which provide useful guides to handling potential risks for workers. OBJECTIVE: This study focuses on the psychological safety analysis of work safety for workers in high-risk industries through the construction of a theoretical model, illustrating that a higher level of psychological safety is not better. METHOD: This study explores the impact of workers’ psychological safety on the potential risk of work safety by conducting a …comprehensive analysis of relevant literature and employing inductive reasoning and analogy methodology. RESULTS: We systematically reviewed the research background and several hypotheses of psychological safety, described the relationship between psychological safety and risk prevention from three levels, and constructed the threshold initial, special, and extended model of psychological safety to reveal the importance of workers’ psychological safety when handling potential risks. CONCLUSION: This research effectively describes the influence of high, moderate, and low levels of psychological safety on the risk prevention of work safety, which provides a psychological model guide to developing measures for the improvement of work safety management. Show more
Keywords: Psychological safety, risk prevention, work safety, threshold model, industrial psychology, safety management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230234
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Raza, Mohammad | Bhushan, Rajesh Kumar | Khan, Abid Ali
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional driving requires long hours of work, uncomfortable seats, negotiating rough terrain and highways, and possibly minor repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties. Heavy vehicle drivers driving vehicles such as trucks, bulldozers, etc. due to such working structures are more prone to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and pain, which is of great concern. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, it is planned to investigate possible ergonomic risk factors such as age, weight, driving exposure, seat suspension systems, lifting heavy weights causing MSDs in drivers of various heavy vehicles. The results of the study are expected to …help drivers reduce the risk of MSDs. METHODS: For the present study, the Nordic questionnaire on musculoskeletal disorders was modified and standardized and was administered to the 48 heavy vehicle drivers randomly selected to collect the data. RESULTS: The analysis divulged that over the past 12 months, lower back pain (LBP) emerged as the most dominant pain experienced by 56% of drivers, followed by knee pain (KP) (43%) and neck pain (NP) (39%) respectively. The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) was observed to be much lower than in previous literature. The logistic regression model further revealed that increasing age, poor suspension system and poor body posture were significantly associated with lower back pain. Additionally, a poor suspension system and lifting heavy weights had significant effect on the drivers’ knee pain. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the evident necessity for ergonomic consideration in vehicle designing and ergonomic training for heavy vehicle drivers. Show more
Keywords: Heavy vehicle drivers, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), lower back pain (LBP), whole body vibration, knee pain (KP), driver’s discomfort
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230655
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-09, 2024
Authors: McDonnall, Michele C. | Cmar, Jennifer L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vision loss increases with age and is thus more likely to happen later in one’s career. With more individuals working beyond typical retirement age, the possibility of experiencing vision loss while working has increased. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how developing vision loss during midlife affects employment and retirement. METHOD: Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data, we identified a sample of 167 workers, 44 to 64 years old, who developed vision loss and a matched comparison sample of 800 workers who did not. We explored job retention …and retirement differences between the groups and differences between people with vision loss who retained jobs versus those who did not. RESULTS: Vision loss was associated with leaving the labor force, although there was a clear trend over time of increasing likelihood of job retention. Occupational category was associated with job retention and people who continued working had more favorable financial situations. Retirees with vision loss were more likely to report involuntary retirement and dissatisfaction with retirement. CONCLUSIONS: The decreasing likelihood of leaving the labor market after vision loss is an encouraging finding of this study. Workers who left the labor force after vision loss were more likely to be in precarious financial positions, and retirees did not have positive experiences with retirement. Assisting workers with vision loss to remain in the labor force is of vital importance, and increasing awareness and usage of free services for this population may reduce involuntary retirement and its negative consequences. Show more
Keywords: Low vision, reduced vision, visual impairment, employment, employment termination, retirement
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230669
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Mitra, Sudeep | Mitra, Mousumi | Nandi, Purna | Saha, Mantu | Nandi, Dilip Kumar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical exercise participation among female students is significantly compromised throughout the academic periods of college or university due to scholastic demands and also by less parental and community encouragements. Thus, physical inactivity in female college students leads to less musculoskeletal efficiency and work performance. OBJECTIVE: Customized yogic module may be considered to enhance both aerobic and anaerobic power, pulmonary capacity and musculoskeletal efficiency for the improvement of systemic body functions among female college students. METHODS: A randomized, controlled parallel study design (n = 60; age = 20.16±2.05 years), on sedentary female college students practicing customized …yogic module (n = 30) for 5 days / week for 3 months (60 min daily in the morning) to observe anthropometric, physiological, cardiopulmonary and muscular endurance indices. RESULTS: After yogic practice, a significant reduction in body fat (p < 0.05) (%), heart rate (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), double product (p‹0.01) and rate pressure product (p < 0.05) were estimated. Significant improvement (p < 0.001) in vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec was also observed. Evaluation of hand grip strength, maximal oxygen consumption and physical work capacity showed significant increase (p < 0.01) after yogic intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A three-month customized yogic training improved resting physiological activities, cardiopulmonary functions, musculoskeletal strength and endurance fitness due to focused breathing, mindfulness meditation and by stretching-strengthening patterns for achieving recreational physical activity among female college students. Show more
Keywords: Female, sedentary behaviour, yoga, physical endurance, musculoskeletal development, respiratory function tests
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230200
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Goggins, Katie A. | Thompson, Taryn J. | Lessel, Courtney E. | Kelly, Elizabeth A. | O’Hara, Dawson E.L. | Eger, Tammy R.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational foot-transmitted vibration (FTV) exposure is common in industries like mining, construction, and agriculture, often leading to acute and chronic injuries. Vibration assessments require technical expertise and equipment which can be costly for employers to perform. Alternatively, researchers have observed that self-reported discomfort can be used as an effective indicator of injury risk. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of standing FTV exposure on self-reported ratings of discomfort, and whether these subjective ratings differed by body area and exposure frequency. METHODS: Participants (n = 30) were randomly exposed to standing FTV …at six frequencies (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 Hz) for 20–45 seconds. Following each exposure, participants rated discomfort on a scale of 0–9 in four body areas: head and neck (HN), upper body (UB), lower body (LB), and total body. RESULTS: Results indicated that participants experienced the most discomfort in the LB at higher frequencies (p < 0.001), consistent with the resonance of foot structures. The HN discomfort tended to decrease as the exposure frequency increased, although not statistically significant (p > 0.0167). The UB discomfort remained relatively low across all frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests a potential connection between resonant frequencies and discomfort, potentially indicating injury risk. Although self-reported discomfort is insufficient for directly assessing injury risk from FTV, it provides a simple method for monitoring potential musculoskeletal risks related to vibration exposure at resonant frequencies. While professional vibration assessment remains necessary, self-reported discomfort may act as an early indicated of vibration-induced injuries, aiding in implementing mitigation strategies. Show more
Keywords: Occupational injuries, foot injuries, repetitive strain injury, musculoskeletal diseases, pain, ache
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230491
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Depreli, Özde | Topçu, Zehra Güçhan | Tomaç, Hayriye
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate arrangement of classroom ergonomics is necessary for maintaining health and improving academic performance, learning, and motivation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the anthropometric measurements and ergonomic risk levels of students during a handwriting activity on a fixed desk and chair and to analyze the mismatch and relationships between these factors. METHODS: This study included 149 university students (female:73, male:76). Anthropometric measurements (lower and upper extremity length, shoulder height, elbow-rest height, hip-popliteal length, popliteal height, knee height, the distance between tragus and wall, and between acromion and wall) were done with a …tape measure. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool was conducted to determine the ergonomic risk level while students wrote a standard text on a fixed desk and chair as if they were taking notes in the classroom. The mismatch was evaluated between backrest height and sitting shoulder height, seat height, and popliteal height. The Pearson Chi-Square and the Spearman Correlation test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The median values of the participants’ age, height, weight, and BMI were 22 years, 1.70 m, 68 kg, and 23.18 kg/cm2 , respectively. Most students had inadequate ergonomic posture while writing on fixed furniture at the university (Median RULA grand score: 4). More mismatches for seat height (54.4%) were found in high ergonomic risk levels but mismatches for backrest height did not follow a similar result. CONCLUSIONS: More investigation should be conducted with prospective studies including interventions like adjustable furniture. Show more
Keywords: Ergonomics, university, students, anthropometry, furniture, handwriting
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230590
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Sucu Çakmak, Nefise Cevriye | Çalışkan, Nurcan | Koğar, Hakan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is the type of pain that healthcare professionals frequently encounter. Health care students’ attitudes towards pain management are not sufficient and this negatively affects their chronic pain management. When students cannot manage the chronic pain they will experience professional burnout, depersonalization, and a decrease in compassion and empathy in patient care. Therefore, the first step in improving health care students’ attitudes towards patients with chronic pain is to determine their attitudes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Scale for Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes towards Patients with Chronic Pain (HCPAPCP Scale) …in healthcare students. METHOD: This quantitative study was conducted with 205 health care students in January-February 2022. Data were collected online with Personal Information Form and the HCPAPCP Scale. To determine the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and test-retest, and for construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the two-factor scale consisting of 18 items, the factor structure, and the distribution of factors in items were the same as the findings of the original scale. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was 0.88 for the first factor and 0.74 for the second factor. Test-retest reliability was 0.60. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model had a good and acceptable fit. CONCLUSION: We found that the HCPAPCP Scale was valid and reliable in healthcare students. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare students, chronic pain, attitude, validity and reliability study, nursing students, medical students
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230512
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Subramaniam, Shankar | Ganesan, Abbas | Raju, Naveenkumar | Rajavel, Nithyaprakash | Chenniappan, Maheswari | Prakash, Chander | Pramanik, Alokesh | Basak, Animesh Kumar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Textile-sizing mill workers are exposed to various hazards in the sizing units during their working hours and are at risk of acquiring lung impairments due to the usage of sizing chemicals in the sizing process. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study is to assess the influence of cotton dust and sizing agents on lung function and breathing difficulties among Indian textile sizing mill workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a textile-sizing mill from August 2022 to September 2022. A modified questionnaire based American Thoracic Society’s standard was used …to assess respiratory symptoms among sizing mill workers and the pulmonary function test was conducted Spirometry. The chi-square test was used to find the difference between respiratory symptoms and the t -test was used to find the difference between spirometric parameters. RESULTS: Textile sizing mill workers showed significant (P < 0.0001) decline in peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ). There was an association between symptoms and duration of exposure to pulmonary abnormality. Sizing mill workers showed a significant decline in lung functions and an increase in pulmonary symptoms. As the service duration of exposure in terms of years increased, respiratory symptoms increased and spirometric abnormality also increased. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that sizing agents such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), emulsifier, wax, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and starch used in sizing mills are also responsible for respiratory illness and lung impairment among textile workers. Show more
Keywords: Textiles; sizing mill; cotton dust; respiratory symptoms; pulmonary function; spirometry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230399
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
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