Work - Volume 41, issue Supplement 1

Authors: Herrera, Sandra Mejias | Huatuco, Luisa Huaccho

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article presents a conceptual model that combines Macroergonomics and Supply chain. The authors combine their expertise on these individual topics, building on their previous research. The argument of the paper is that human factors are key to achieve effective supplier-customer collaboration. A conceptual model is presented, its elements and their interactions are explained. The Content-Context-Process is applied as a departing point to this model. Macroergonomics aspects considered are: a systemic approach, participatory ergonomics, formation of ergonomics teams and evaluation of ergonomics projects. The expected outcomes are: (a) improvement of production and productivity levels, (b) improvement of the product quality, …(c) Reduction of absenteeism, (d) Improvement in the quality of work life (from the employees’ perspective), and (e) increase in the employees’ contribution rate of ideas for improvement. A case study was carried out at a vitroplant production organisation incorporating environmental aspects to obtain sustainable benefits. Show more

Keywords: Macroergonomics, supplier-customer collaboration, effectiveness

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0513-2695

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2695-2700, 2012

Authors: Scariot, Cristiele A. | Heemann, Adriano | Padovani, Stephania

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, the role of collaboration in design is discussed, placing emphasis on how to include end-users in the development process. The study is based on a literature review focusing on aspects of collaboration in design, usability and human factors. Thereby, it introduces, compares and contrasts the characteristics of both collaborative and user-centered design perspectives, leading to the collaborative-participatory design approach. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages and precautions of implementing collaborative and participatory models are pointed out.

Keywords: Collaboration, participation, user, design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0656-2701

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2701-2705, 2012

Authors: Perez Toralla, M.S | Falzon, P. | Morais, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The proponents of lean production have pointed to the positive effects of the work organization on employees in terms of autonomy, enhanced skills and empowerment mainly by their participation into the continuous improvement of work process. But studies that have examined this issue suggest that the increase in autonomy is not sufficient to compensate for increases work intensity. Participatory design has grown extensively in manufacturing since the 1980’s under the impulsion of the Scandinavian socio-technical system approach and it’s central in the model of lean production performance. Its main objectives are to improve quality, increase productivity and safety through employee’s …participation to the reduction of non-value added activities, such as defined by lean production. In the line of the studies on participatory design and continuous improvement the present study examines the functioning of work groups, based on the kaizen model, the aim of which was to improve the proportion of “value-added activities” and working conditions, essentially physical constraints. The main results are consistent with the literature and show that accelerated forms of re-conception activities give employees limited room for maneuver to elaborate solutions based on the analysis of the real activity. This study is part of a broader initiative that goes in the direction of continuous improvement of the design process itself so that it integrates the real constraints of work and propose changes bases on work as it actually takes place, beyond pre-established performance goals bases on the reduction of “non added value activities”. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, Lean management, participatory design, continuous improvement

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0514-2706

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2706-2712, 2012

Authors: Bolis, Ivan | Brunoro, Claudio | Sznelwar, Laerte Idal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Based on the concepts of sustainability and knowledge management, this article seeks to identify points of contact between the two themes through an exploratory study of existing literature. The first objective is to find, in international literature, the largest number of papers jointly related to the theme of knowledge management and sustainability. In these documents, the authors looked at the kind of relationship existing between the two themes and what the benefits introduced in organizations are. Based on an ergonomic point of view, the second objective of this article is to analyze the role of the worker (whether at the …strategic or operational level) and his importance in this context. The results demonstrate that there is very little literature that addresses the two themes together. The few papers found, however, can be said to show the many advantages of introducing sustainability policies supported by adequate knowledge management. Very little has been studied with regards to the role of workers, which could be interpreted as meaning that little importance is given to the proactive role they may play. On the other hand, there is a high potential for future research in these areas, based on the high level of consideration of workers in knowledge management and sustainability literature, as well as in literature in the areas of ergonomics and sociology. Show more

Keywords: knowledge management, sustainability, worker

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0515-2713

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2713-2720, 2012

Authors: Vidal, Mario Cesar | Guizze, Carmen Lucia Campos | Bonfatti, Renato José | Silva e Santos, Marcello

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper aims at the application of an ergonomic maturity model (EMM), in order to assess the ergonomic sustainability outreach of ergonomic actions. This proposition was motivated by the widespread sensation that the development of the discipline, its educational devices and related practices depends on the attitude of ergonomics practitioners rather than environmental macroergonomic conditions. Maturity modeling in this paper is undertaken as a tool for ergonomic practitioners. Thus, its foundations were uprooted from diverse fields: Clinic Psychology, Quality Management and Project Management. The paper brings about a detailled explanation of this ergonomic maturity tool. The empirical part is fulfilled …by the examination – using the EMM – of four emblematic cases excerpted from our research lab ergonomic portfolio. Show more

Keywords: Macroergonomics, Strategy, Maturity, Sustainability, Conversational analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0516-2721

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2721-2729, 2012

Authors: Helali, Faramarz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper describes the different strategic understanding from getting ergonomics intervention programmes’ conversations to ‘Tip’, including minimizing strategies; tipping point strategies; and maximizing strategies from building ergonomics intervention techniques. Those have indicated to different recognitions: 1) when amplification of the ‘problem’ is necessary; 2) when amplification of the ‘tipping point’ is necessary, and 3) when amplification of the ‘success’ is necessary. The practical applications and implications of the ergonomics intervention techniques are drawn from the findings of framing positive questions: 1) what is successful ergonomics intervention technique right now (Appreciative)? 2) What do we need to change for a better …future (Imagine)? 3) How do we do this (Design)? 4) Who takes action and with what consequences (Act)? This requires re-framing of the ergonomics intervention techniques in an appreciative way, because of, the future action needs to be inspired by those things that participants feel are worth valuing, worth celebrating and sustaining. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics ‘know-how’ transfer management, Strategic understanding, Re-framing, Sustainable improvements, Industrial Developing Countries

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0517-2730

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2730-2735, 2012

Authors: Merlin, Fabrício Kurman | do Valle Pereira, Vera Lúciaduarte | Júnior, Waldemar Pacheco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Organizations are part of an environment in which they are pressured to meet society’s demands and acting in a sustainable way. In an attempt to meet such demands, organizations make use of various management tools, among which, ISO standards are used. Although there are evidences of contributions provided by these standards, it is questionable whether its parameters converge for a possible induction for sustainable development in organizations. This work presents a theoretical study, designed on structuralism world view, descriptive and deductive method, which aims to analyze the convergence of management tools’ parameters in ISO standards. In order to support the …analysis, a generic framework for possible convergence was developed, based on systems approach, linking five ISO standards (ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 31000 and ISO 26000) with sustainable development and positioning them according to organization levels (strategic, tactical and operational). The structure was designed based on Brundtland report concept. The analysis was performed exploring the generic framework for possible convergence based on Nadler and Tushman model. The results found the standards can contribute to a possible sustainable development induction in organizations, as long as they meet certain minimum conditions related to its strategic alignment. Show more

Keywords: Sustainable Development, Management, Systems, ISO Standards, Organizations, Strategic Alignment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0518-2736

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2736-2743, 2012

Authors: Bolis, Ivan | Brunoro, Claudio | Sznelwar, Laerte Idal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The present action research article is linked to an ergonomics project in a university hospital. The author's proposal is to focus action on the effective worker involvement required for the creation of spaces / mechanisms within organizations where people can enhance cooperation and deliberation on matters relating to work. For this purpose, a committee was introduced to assist in finding problems and solutions directly in work situations, so that workers could experience relative autonomy allowing them to develop procedures and choose tools appropriate to their own real needs. Based on this organizational implementation and on subsequent interviews, the practical results …are analyzed and related to employee involvement. One can conclude that workers in all areas of the organization can be active elements for improving working conditions and productivity in companies. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics committee, emancipation, macroergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0519-2744

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2744-2752, 2012

Authors: Blewett, Verna | Dorrian, Jill

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Worker involvement in decision-making about the workplace can improve safety, health, productivity and the quality of organizational outputs. Australian work health and safety (WHS) legislation mandates worker involvement and gives elected Health and Safety Representatives (HSRs) specific powers, but there has been limited research about the impact of that regulatory framework on the nature, quality and outcomes of worker involvement. As part of a wider review of worker representation in WHS, we investigated the role and impact (positive and negative) of elected HSRs on WHS] in South Australia using a newly-constructed survey instrument. This paper reports on the development of …the instrument and the initial findings of the research. The initial survey dimensions and items were developed from earlier research on consultation in South Australia and were refined and validated through this research. The survey has 9 constructs and 61 items and has both face validity and high internal consistency. This research is a step forward for researchers and policy makers seeking a means of determining the effectiveness of worker participation in WHS. It provides an instrument, pilot baseline data and a method that could be used internationally to enable this assessment. Show more

Keywords: workforce participation, participation survey, multi-method research, health and safety representatives

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0520-2753

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2753-2756, 2012

Authors: Perott, André | Schader, Nils | Bruder, Ralph | Leonhardt, Jörg

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, the German Air Navigation Service Provider, follows a systematic approach, called HERA, for investigating incidents. The HERA analysis shows a distinctive occurrence of incidents in German air traffic control in which the visual perception of information plays a key role. The reasons can be partially traced back to workstation design, where basic ergonomic rules and principles are not sufficiently followed by the designers in some cases. In cooperation with the Institute of Ergonomics in Darmstadt the DFS investigated possible approaches that may support designers to implement ergonomic systems. None of the currently available tools were found to …be able to meet the identified user requirements holistically. Therefore it was suggested to develop an enhanced software tool called Design Process Guide. The name Design Process Guide indicates that this tool exceeds the classic functions of currently available Knowledge Management Systems. It offers “design element” based access, shows processual and content related topics, and shows the implications of certain design decisions. Furthermore, it serves as documentation, detailing why a designer made to a decision under a particular set of conditions. Show more

Keywords: Knowledge Management Systems, Ergonomics, Design Process, Air Traffic Control

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0521-2757

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2757-2764, 2012

Authors: Yazdani, Amin | Wells, Richard

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and summarize the research evidence on prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) within Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) and Integrated Management Systems (IMS). Databases in business, management, engineering and health and safety were systematically searched and relevant publications were synthesized. The number of papers that could address the research questions was small. However, the review revealed that many of the techniques to address MSD hazards require substantial background knowledge and training. This may limit employees’ involvement in the technical aspects of the risk assessment process. Also these techniques did not …usually fit into techniques used by companies to address other risk factors within their management systems. This could result in MSD prevention becoming a separate issue that cannot be managed with company-wide tools. In addition, this review also suggested that there is a research gap concerning the MSD prevention within companies’ management systems. Show more

Keywords: Occupational health and safety management systems, integrated management systems, musculoskeletal disorders, risk assessment, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0522-2765

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2765-2767, 2012

Authors: Cristiane, A.A.Z. | Danielle, M.D. | Vanessa, C.B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: From of Macroergonomic Analysis of Work were diagnosed the main ergonomics demands in a furniture company in the city of Cambé, Paraná. Through this method we could identify the most problematic points of the analyzed environment for posterior solutions of improvement with the objective of increasing the working and phsychological quality of the employees, motivating their good performance and satisfaction.

Keywords: Macroergonomics, furniture company, solutions, improvement, quality

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0657-2768

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2768-2775, 2012

Authors: Village, Judy | Greig, Michael | Salustri, Filippo A. | Patrick Neumann, W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: For human factors (HF) to avoid being considered of “side-car” status, it needs to be positioned within the organization in such a way that it affects business strategies and their implementation. Tools are needed to support this effort. This paper explores the feasibility of applying a technique from operational research called cognitive mapping to link HF to corporate strategy. Using a single case study, a cognitive map is drawn to reveal the complex relationships between human factors and achieving an organization’s strategic goals. Analysis of the map for central concepts and reinforcing loops enhances understanding that can lead to discrete …initiatives to facilitate integration of HF. It is recommended that this technique be used with senior managers to understand the organizations` strategic goals and enhance understanding of the potential for HF to contribute to the strategic goals. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive mapping, Strategic goals, Human Factors

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0523-2776

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2776-2780, 2012

Authors: Onkham, Wilawan | Karwowski, Waldemar | Ahram, Tareq Z.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Financial costs of investing in people is associated with training, acquisition, recruiting, and resolving human errors have a significant impact on increased total ownership costs. These costs can also affect the exaggerate budgets and delayed schedules. The study of human performance economical assessment in the system acquisition process enhances the visibility of hidden cost drivers which support program management informed decisions. This paper presents the literature review of human total ownership cost (HTOC) and cost impacts on overall system performance. Economic value assessment models such as cost benefit analysis, risk-cost tradeoff analysis, expected value of utility function analysis (EV), growth …readiness matrix, multi-attribute utility technique, and multi-regressions model were introduced to reflect the HTOC and human performancetechnology tradeoffs in terms of the dollar value. The human total ownership regression model introduces to address the influencing human performance cost component measurement. Results from this study will increase understanding of relevant cost drivers in the system acquisition process over the long term. Show more

Keywords: Human Performance Estimation, Human Total Ownership Cost

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0524-2781

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2781-2788, 2012

Authors: Viola, Elaine | Vidal, Mario Cesar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a protocol for work distress assessment. Work distress is defined as a merge between nonergonomic related aspects, in tasks or environment, and adversely conditions perceived for a worker, in a certain work situation. This frame requires an approach that can treat individuals and organizational factors in the same way, at the same time. For this, we elaborate a psycho-ergonomics method, associating concepts and practices from cognitive-behavioral techniques and work ergonomic analysis, which we named CEWAT – Cognitive-Behavioral Work Analysis Technique. This paper presents CEWAT’s foundations and structure, in steps. An application to a complex and dangerous system …illustrates its benefits in the ergonomics action. Show more

Keywords: Stress, ergonomics, cognitive-behavioral techniques, participatory design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0525-2789

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2789-2794, 2012

Authors: Trierweiller, Andréa Cristina | Peixe, Blênio César Severo | Tezza, Rafael | do Valle Pereira, Vera Lúcia Duarte | Pacheco Jr, Waldemar | Bornia, Antonio Cezar | de Andrade, Dalton Francisco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to measure the effectiveness of the organizations Information and Communication Technology (ICT) from the point of view of the manager, using Item Response Theory (IRT). There is a need to verify the effectiveness of these organizations which are normally associated to complex, dynamic, and competitive environments. In academic literature, there is disagreement surrounding the concept of organizational effectiveness and its measurement. A construct was elaborated based on dimensions of effectiveness towards the construction of the items of the questionnaire which submitted to specialists for evaluation. It demonstrated itself to be viable in measuring organizational …effectiveness of ICT companies under the point of view of a manager through using Two-Parameter Logistic Model (2PLM) of the IRT. This modeling permits us to evaluate the quality and property of each item placed within a single scale: items and respondents, which is not possible when using other similar tools. Show more

Keywords: item response theory, two-parameter logistic model, information and communication technology sector, strategy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0526-2795

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2795-2802, 2012

Authors: de Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues | de Souza, Alan Pinheiro | Gomes, Jose Orlando

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The concepts developed by resilience engineering allow the understanding and monitoring the functioning of organizations and, particularly, to map the role of human activities, in success or in failure, enabling a better comprehension about how people make decisions in unexpected situations. The capture of information about human activities in the various organization levels gives managers a deeper real-time understanding of what is influencing the people performance, providing awareness of the factors that influence positively or negatively the organizational goals initially projected. The monitoring is important because the correct functioning of complex systems depends on the knowledge that people have to …perform their activities and how the system environment provides tools that actually support the human performance. Therefore, organizations should look forward through precursors in operating signals to identify possible problems or solutions in the structure of tasks and activities, safety, quality, schedule, rework, and maintenance. We apply the concepts of resilience engineering to understand the organization by the analysis of cognitive tasks and activities. The aim is the development of a computerized system to monitor human activities to produce indicators to access system resilience. The validation of the approach was made in a real organization and the results show the successful applicability of the system. Based on findings obtained after the experiment of the system in a real organization, and managers and workers opinions, it was possible to show that the use of system provided an anticipated (real-time) perception about how activities are effectively being performed, allowing managers and workers to make decisions more consistent with daily problems, and also to anticipate solutions to cope with unexpected situations. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive Tasks Analysis, performance monitoring, safety control, resilience engineering

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0527-2803

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2803-2809, 2012

Authors: Huber, Gilbert Jacob | Gomes, Jose Orlando | de Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The main objective of this work is to propose a method and a tool to support the development of indicators able to inform an organization about the state of its resilience through a cyclical process of identifying its resilience factors, proposing resilience indicators, assessing its organizational resilience followed by assessing and improving the resilience indicators. The research uses concepts from complex adaptive systems and from resilience engineering to establish an initial set of indicators able to assess elements that contribute to organizational resilience, and structures them temporarily as a hierarchy. A software application to support indicator definition and structuring, questionnaire …generation, and result assessment activities was built to assist in speeding up the experiment-adjust cycle. Prototype indicators were instantiated with helicopter operating companies in mind, and were reviewed by a domain expert. Show more

Keywords: resilience engineering, indicators, complex systems

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0528-2810

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2810-2816, 2012

Authors: Bau, Lucy M.S. | Farias, Jean P. | Buso, Sandro A. | Marcon Passero, Carolina R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Organizational ergonomics refers to the optimization of social technical systems, including their organizational structures, policies and processes. The relevant topics include communications, management of resources, work projects, temporal organization of work, team work, participative project, new work paradigms, cooperative work, organizational culture, network organizations and quality management (IEA, 2000). The purpose of this study was the reorganization of the methods and processes of the occupational health sector (SMS/SO – Portuguese acronym of the area) of a petrochemical company. The work involved thirty professionals: a coordinator, two occupational physicians, one cardiologist, one occupational dentist, two occupational nurses, eleven occupational health technicians, …one social worker, one nutritionist, one phonoaudiologist, one ophthalmologist, one biochemist, two ergonomists, three administrative assistants, one administrator and one psychologist, during a six-month period. The methodology that was used sought to establish a cooperative alliance focused on change, transformation and acquisition of skills, reflecting directly on the attitudes and performance of the leaderships and their work teams. In addition to the feedback practice, the following supporting tools were used for the study’s success: “Functional Polyvalence Matrix”, “Management of Failures”, 5W2H”, “6M”, “5 Why” and “process mapping”. The intended results after the organization ergonomics restructuring process will allow the leader to help his or her team to make a diagnosis of the problems, identify options, develop strategies, establish targets and action plans, remove barriers, review contexts and implement the business management fundaments: planning, organization, management, coordination and control. The transformation possibilities allow us to consider some hypothesis: Before: Focus only on results. After: Engage collaborators to create sustainable results. Before: Operating profile. After: Tactical/strategic profile. Before: Find errors. After: Value effort and development. Before: Listen to what is being said. After: Understand what is being said. Before: Create fears of the consequences. After: Create room for risk. Before: Be the one who approves and decides. After: Be the cooperative support. Show more

Keywords: reliability, health management, user satisfaction, leadership

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0529-2817

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2817-2821, 2012

Authors: Santos, R.M. | Sassi, A.C. | Sá, B.M. | Miguez, S.A. | Pardauil, A.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper aims to present the benefits achieved in the ergonomics process management with the use of the TPM methodology (Total Productive Maintenance) in Tucuruí Hydropower Plant. The methodology is aligned with the corporate guidelines, moreover with the Strategic Planning of the company, it is represented in the TPM Pillars including the Health Pillar in which is inserted the ergonomics process. The results of the ergonomic actions demonstrated a 12% reduction over the absenteeism rate due to musculoskeletal disorders, solving 77,0% of ergonomic non-conformities, what favored the rise of the Organizational Climate in 44,8%, impacting on the overall performance of …the company. Awards confirmed the success of the work by the achievement of the Award for TPM Excellence in 2001, Award for Excellence in Consistent TPM Commitment in 2009 and more recently the Special Award for TPM Achievement, 2010. The determination of the high rank administration and workers, allied with the involvement/dynamism of Pillars, has assured the success of this management practice in Tucuruí Hydropower Plant. Show more

Keywords: TPM, Hydropower Plant, Health Pillar

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0530-2822

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2822-2830, 2012

Authors: Vitório, Daiana Martins | Masculo, Francisco Soares | Melo, Miguel O.B.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Electrical systems can be categorized as critical systems where failure can result in significant financial loss, injury or threats to human life. The operators of the electric power control centers perform an activity in a specialized environment and have to carry it out by mobilizing knowledge and reasoning to which they have adequate training under the terms of the existing rules. To reach this there is a common mental request of personnel involved in these centers due the need to maintain attention, memory and reasoning request. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the Mental Workload of technical workers …of the Control Centers of Electrical Energy. It was undertaken a research on operators control centers of the electricity sector in Northeast Brazil. It was used for systematic observations, followed by interview and application of the instrument National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index known as NASA-TLX. As a result there will be subsidies for an assessment of mental workload of operators, and a contribution to improving the processes of managing the operation of electric utilities and the quality of workers. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, electric control centers, fatigue, mental workload

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0531-2831

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2831-2839, 2012

Authors: Alm, Håkan | Osvalder, Anna-Lisa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to make a review of studies concerning problems with alarm systems and to make a theoretical analysis of these problems. The aim is also to show some general design ideas to improve alarm presentation in process descriptions. Using research results from situation awareness and decision making a number of suggestions for further development of alarm systems are presented. Recommendations include providing operators of complex systems feedback that can support their mental models and situational awareness. Furthermore a recommendation is to design alarm systems that can learn from experience.

Keywords: Alarm systems, dynamic decision making, process control, complex systems

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0532-2840

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2840-2844, 2012

Authors: Pikaar, Ruud N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Process operators supervise and control complex processes. To enable the operator to do an adequate job, instrumentation and process control engineers need to address several related topics, such as console design, information design, navigation, and alarm management. In process control upgrade projects, usually a 1:1 conversion of existing graphics is proposed. This paper suggests another approach, efficiently leading to a reduced number of new powerful process graphics, supported by a permanent process overview displays. In addition a road map for structuring content (process information) and conventions for the presentation of objects, symbols, and so on, has been developed. The impact …of the human factors engineering approach on process control upgrade projects is illustrated by several cases. Show more

Keywords: Process control, power graphic, permanent overview display

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0533-2845

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2845-2852, 2012

Authors: Hsieh, Min-Han | Hwang, Sheue-Ling | Liu, Kang-Hong | Liang, Sheau-Farn Max | Chuang, Chang-Fu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The study was conducted from the perspective of human factors engineering in order to compare the process that operators originally used to diagnose potential and actual faults with a process that included an expert system for diagnosing faults. The results of the study indicated that the existence of an expert system for fault diagnosis makes the task of fault diagnosis easier and reduces errors by quickly suggesting likely Abnormal Operating Procedures (AOPs)

Keywords: Nuclear Power Plant, Fault diagnosis, Expert system

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0534-2853

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2853-2858, 2012

Authors: Bligård, L.-O. | Andersson, J. | Osvalder, A.-L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In a thermal power plant the operators’ roles are to control and monitor the process to achieve efficient and safe production. To achieve this, the human-machine interfaces have a central part. The interfaces need to be updated and upgraded together with the technical functionality to maintain optimal operation. One way of achieving relevant updates is to study other domains and see how they have solved similar issues in their design solutions. The purpose of this paper is to present how interface design solution ideas can be transferred from domains with operator control to thermal power plants. In the study 15 …domains were compared using a model for categorisation of human-machine systems. The result from the domain comparison showed that nuclear power, refinery and ship engine control were most similar to thermal power control. From the findings a basic interface structure and three specific display solutions were proposed for thermal power control: process parameter overview, plant overview, and feed water view. The systematic comparison of the properties of a human-machine system allowed interface designers to find suitable objects, structures and navigation logics in a range of domains that could be transferred to the thermal power domain. Show more

Keywords: Thermal power plant, human-machine system, human-machine interface, graphical user interface

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0535-2859

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2859-2865, 2012

Authors: Wang, Lingyan | Lau, Henry Y.K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It is a well recognized understanding that workers whose voice needs to be heard should be actively encouraged as full participants and involved in the early design stages of new ergonomic work system which encompass the development and implementation of new tools, workplaces, technologies or organizations. This paper presents a novel participatory strategy to evaluate three key psychological factors which are respectively mental fatigue, spiritual stress, and emotional satisfaction in work system design based on a modified version of Participatory Ergonomics (PE). In specific, it integrates a PE technique with a formulation view by combining the parallel development of PE …strategies, frameworks and functions throughout the coverage of the entire work system design process, so as to bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative analysis of psychological factors which can cause adverse or advantageous effects on worker’s physiological and behavioral performance. Show more

Keywords: Participatory ergonomics, psychological factors, work system design

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0658-2866

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2866-2871, 2012

Authors: Sharan, Deepak | Ajeesh, P.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: ‘Workstyle’ can be described as a mechanism by which ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors interact to affect the development, exacerbation and/or maintenance of upper limb pain and functional limitations. Workstyle is associated with the increase in the work demand. In today’s life use of computer in the workplace is very common and it causes to increase the work demand among the workers who are working with computer. As work demand increase, according to the characteristic of workstyle, risk of the development of musculoskeletal disorders also increased. This study aimed at to findout the association between ergonomics risk factors, workstyle and …WRMSD. Two hundred IT professionals participated in this study. Result revealed that most prevalenet body regions were lower back (20%), Upper back (16%) and shoulder (14%). Study result says that there is a positive association between workstyle score with musculoskeletal pain (r=0.85). Also it revealed that posture and regional pain is associated (r=0.62), per day use of computer and musculoskeletal pain (r=0.46), micro breaks and pain (r=0.87) and productivity and the pain (r=0.95). This study further validates these observations and extends support for the assessment of working postures and workstyle behaviors during the design of WMSD treatment. Show more

Keywords: workstation information, working posture information, workstyle questionnaire

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0536-2872

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2872-2875, 2012

Authors: Buzanello, Márcia Rosângela | Moro, Antônio Renato Pereira

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The cold environment is an indispensable for slaughtering and processing in the poultry industry In field studies it was observed that a large percentage of workers of this sector have hand contact with the cold chicken and / or frozen, have high complaints prevalence of pain and discomfort, mostly in the hands. The contact of human skin with a cold surface may cause pain, numbness and risk of skin damage. Currently, although the use of infrared thermal imaging has been useful in identifying normal and abnormal patterns of heat distribution on the surface of the body. However your use for …work tasks and to assess the potential development of injuries related to it has been limited. Based on the physiological responses can be objectively evaluate the effects of the task demands of work and thus contribute to the development of effective strategies for ergonomic intervention. The methodology will be used to evaluate the subjective thermal sensation with analogue scale of ASHRAE and the infrared thermography in the dorsal and palmar hands. Thus the objective of this research is to propose reference values for thermographic hands within limits of comfort. Show more

Keywords: Artificial cold, Ergonomic, Infrared thermography

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0537-2876

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2876-2881, 2012

Authors: Gorunova, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper deals with the application of the activity theory in describing psychological determinants of the information searching activity. The notions of information behavior, information retrieval, information competence, information retrieval activity given in Russian and English scientific literature are compared. The research approach to the information retrieval activity based on the principles developed in the Russian theory of activity is described; and the fundamentals of G. Sukhodolsky’s generalized conception of activity are presented for the first time. Analysis of empirical researches showed that specific features of information search depend on how the user evaluates information resources, information, conditions and results …of search. Psychological determiners of information search may be detected as the system of evaluative alternatives, which is generated by the user during the process of his experience growth. We discovered that user’s evaluation system is also related to his individual typological and personal regulative features and determines the choice of the search strategy. Show more

Keywords: Information searching, activity theory, subjective representation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0538-2882

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2882-2886, 2012

Authors: Diniz, Thiago Bernardes | Silva-Costa, Aline | Griep, Rosane Harter | Rotenberg, Lúcia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We aimed at analyzing whether Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) is associated to night work either currently or in the past. A cross-sectional study was conducted at three public hospitals in Brazil, with female nursing workers. Data collection (N=1,134) was based on a comprehensive questionnaire that included the self-reported questionnaire (SRQ-20) for screening of MPD. Former night workers were subdivided into three groups according to their reasons for leaving night work: (i) directly related to work, (ii) related to better reconcile with studies or another job, and (iii) related to health, sleep, fatigue or stress. Binomial logistic regression was performed, with …adjustment for potential confounders. A dose response gradient was observed between current night work and MPD (OR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2 and OR=2.1; 95%CI: 1.5–3.1 for those who worked up to five nights and six or more nights per 2-week span, respectively). Potential detrimental effects of night work were confirmed. The association between working at night and MPD was not restricted to current night workers as workers who left night work for health/fatigue/sleep/strain also showed higher chances of reporting MPD (OR=1.8;95%CI:1.14-2.90). Results contribute to the scientific debate on the impact of night work on health and wellbeing. Show more

Keywords: Night Work, Mental Health, Nursing, Work Organization, SQR-20

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0539-2887

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2887-2892, 2012

Authors: Evstigneeva, Maria | Aleksandrov, Aleksandr | Mathiassen, Svend Erik | Lyskov, Eugene

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Performance of certain cognitive tasks either during physical load or in rest pauses between boosts might lead to slowing of muscle fatigue and fatigue related decline in performance. Seventeen right-handed healthy volunteers (age 24±1.4, 8 males) participated in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of the level of the cognitive information processing – 1) passive perception of audio stimuli, 2) active stimuli discrimination, 3) active stimuli discrimination following motor response - on motor task performance (handgrip test 30% and 7% of MVC) and muscle fatigue development. Cognitive tasks show the following effects on motor work: i) Perceived fatigue during …30 % MVC (fatiguing) condition developed slower if participant pressed button in response to deviant acoustic stimuli, as compared to passive listening. Counting task, an active task without motor component, took the intermediate position and did not differ significantly from two other cognitive tasks. ii) MVC after 30% MVC (fatiguing) condition tended to decrease stronger when accompanied with passive listening in comparison with both active tasks. iii) Motor task performance during 30% MVC (fatiguing) condition was better for active cognitive task with motor component than for passive task. Active task without motor component took the intermediate position and did not differ significantly from both the other cognitive tasks. Show more

Keywords: Handgrip test, dual task paradigm, cognitive information processing, central fatigue

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0540-2893

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2893-2896, 2012

Authors: Mehta, Ranjana K. | Agnew, Michael J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Mental demands have been associated with increased risk of injuries; however, its influence on muscle fatigability remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of mental workload and physical workload on muscle fatigability during repetitive shoulder work. Twelve young participants, balanced by gender, performed shoulder abduction exercises until exhaustions at three levels of physical workload (low (5% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)), moderate (35% MVC), and high (55% MVC)) in the absence and presence of a mental arithmetic test. Endurance time and rate of strength decline were employed as indicators of muscle fatigue. Concurrent physical and mental …processing was found to adversely decrease muscle endurance by ~25% at the moderate intensity level. Furthermore, concurrent demands were associated with faster rate of strength decline compared to the control, irrespective of the physical intensity level. Findings from the current study provide evidence of the adverse effects of mental workload on muscle capacity (i.e., endurance and fatigue). It is therefore important to consider potential changes in worker capacity with concurrent physical and cognitive demands before designing work tasks/products. Show more

Keywords: physical workload, mental workload, fatigue, endurance

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0541-2897

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2897-2901, 2012

Authors: Bruno, Thiers | Abrahão, Julia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study examines the actions taken by operators aimed at preventing and combating information security incidents at a banking organization. The work utilizes the theoretical framework of ergonomics and cognitive psychology. The method is workplace ergonomic analysis. Its focus is directed towards examining the cognitive dimension of the work environment with special attention to the occurrence of correlations between variability in incident frequency and the results of sign detection actions. It categorizes 45,142 operator decisions according to the theory of signal detection (Sternberg, 2000). It analyzes the correlation between incident proportions (indirectly associated with the cognitive efforts demanded from the …operator) and operator decisions. The study demonstrated the existence of a positive correlation between incident proportions and false positive decisions (false alarms). However, this correlation could not be observed in relation to decisions of the falsenegative type (incorrect rejection). Show more

Keywords: Cognitive ergonomics, Information security, Signal detection, Alarms, Rejections

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0542-2902

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2902-2907, 2012

Authors: Santana, Ângela Maria C. | Gomes, Josiane Keila V. | De Marchi, Dione | Girondoli, Yassana M. | de Lima Rosado, Lina E.F.P. | Rosado, Gilberto Paixão | de Andrade, Isabel Maria

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress, working conditions and the nutritional status of 53 military police officers in a Southeast city of Brazil. In order to evaluate the symptomatology and the stress phase, the Inventory of Stress Symptoms Lipp for Adults – ISSL was utilized. The assessment of the working conditions was performed by means of socio-demographic questionnaire, direct observation and interviews. The nutritional and health conditions were assessed through anthropometric measures, biochemical tests, blood pressure measurements and cardiovascular disease risk calculator. The sample is of the male gender (92.5%) and aging below 40 years old (73.6%). …From these, 35.8% showed stress and 68.4% were in the resistance phase, with 31.6% almost burned out. Through the calculation of Chi-square we could find positive association between the BMI and tiredness (P = 0.0188), between the BMI and irritation (P = 0.0005) and the BMI and the appearance of nervous system problems or emotional problems (P = 0.0304), indicating that these statuses or problems could be related to work. We can conclude then, the stress is present among military police officers. No case of critical stress was found, and the stress phases identified are still susceptible to intervention. Show more

Keywords: Psychological stress, Working conditions, Police, Nutritional status

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0543-2908

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2908-2914, 2012

Authors: Laugaland, Kristin | Aase, Karina | Barach, Paul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: When a patient’s transition from the hospital to home is less than optimal, the repercussions can be far-reaching – hospital readmission, adverse medical events, and even mortality. Elderly, especially frail older patients with complex health care problems appear to be a group particularly at risk for adverse events in general, and during transitions across health providers in particular. We undertook a systematic review to identify interventions designed to improve patient safety during transitional care of the elderly, with a particular focus on discharge interventions. We searched the literature for qualitative and quantitative studies on the subject published over the past …ten years. The review revealed a set of potential intervention types aimed at the improvement of communication that contribute to safe transitional care. Intervention types included professionoriented interventions (e.g. education and training), organisational/culture interventions (e.g. transfer nurse, discharge protocol, discharge planning, medication reconciliation, standardized discharge letter, electronic tools), or patient and next of kin oriented interventions (e.g. patient awareness and empowerment, discharge support). Results strongly indicate that elderly discharged from hospital to the community will benefit from targeted interventions aimed to improve transfer across healthcare settings. Future interventions should take into account multi-component and multi-disciplinary interventions incorporating several single interventions combined. Show more

Keywords: Transitional care, elderly, patient safety, adverse events, interventions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0544-2915

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2915-2924, 2012

Authors: Meyer, Travis S. | Muething, Joseph Z. | Lima, Gustavo Amoras Souza | Torres, Breno Raemy Rangel | del Rosario, Trystyn Keia | Gomes, José Orlando | Lambert, James H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Radiological nuclear emergency responders must be able to coordinate evacuation and relief efforts following the release of radioactive material into populated areas. In order to respond quickly and effectively to a nuclear emergency, highlevel coordination is needed between a number of large, independent organizations, including police, military, hazmat, and transportation authorities. Given the complexity, scale, time-pressure, and potential negative consequences inherent in radiological emergency responses, tracking and communicating information that will assist decision makers during a crisis is crucial. The emergency response team at the Angra dos Reis nuclear power facility, located outside of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, presently conducts …emergency response simulations once every two years to prepare organizational leaders for real-life emergency situations. However, current exercises are conducted without the aid of electronic or software tools, resulting in possible cognitive overload and delays in decision-making. This paper describes the development of a decision support system employing systems methodologies, including cognitive task analysis and human-machine interface design. The decision support system can aid the coordination team by automating cognitive functions and improving information sharing. A prototype of the design will be evaluated by plant officials in Brazil and incorporated to a future trial run of a response simulation. Show more

Keywords: Preparedness, disaster, human factors, organizational behavior, risk management, cognitive engineering

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0659-2925

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2925-2932, 2012

Authors: Melles, M. | Freudenthal, A. | de Ridder, H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study investigates how future informatics applications can support and challenge intensive care nurses (ICU nurses) to grow and learn continuously. To this end a research-and-design tool is introduced which is based on a model of the nursing process that starts from the idea that a nurse fulfills three different roles: the role of practitioner (using information immediately to base actions upon), the role of scholar (using information later on to learn from) and the role of human (coping with stress and dealing with emotions). In this paper the focus is on the scholar role. Twenty-eight intensive care staff members …from six different hospitals were asked to recount an imposing experience from the perspective of each role. Regarding the scholar role, the participants mentioned 77 learning strategies they adopt for individual as well as organizational learning. Individual learning concerned reflection on former patient cases, reflection on current patient cases to anticipate a change in the patient’s condition and reflection on personal behavior and decisions. Organizational learning concerned reflection on former patient cases. Examples of specific strategies were formal team evaluations focused on procedure and understanding the perspective of team members, being present at autopsies, and giving feedback on the nursing skills of colleagues. Based on these strategies design implications are defined for future nursing informatics applications, which will be presented. Show more

Keywords: intensive care nursing, learning, design, nursing informatics application

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0545-2933

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2933-2940, 2012

Authors: Toccafondi, Giulio | Albolino, Sara | Bellandi, Tommaso | Venneri, Francesco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Patient safety practices for enhancing the quality and safety of handover are context sensitive interventions. In this article we explore the use of cultural probes as a qualitative technique with a twofold objective: eliciting implicit activity pattern and tools that may constitute resources for the design of effective handover solutions and prompting health care practitioners’ participation and involvement.

Keywords: handover, human factors, design, participation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0660-2941

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2941-2945, 2012

Authors: Moreira, Helenara Salvati Bertolossi | Talini, Bruna | Galvão, Isabele Maia | Vilagra, José Mohamud | Leivas, Eduardo Gallas | de Oliveira Júnior, Abel Santos

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To be distinguished from other companies, organizations are searching norms of certifications, such as ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001 and BS 8.800 to become more competitive in the work market, offering health and safety to the worker and quality to the customer. This extends the performance field of the Physiotherapist, who can use their knowledge to favor the processes of implementation of these certifications. The present work aims to identify the performance of the Physiotherapist in such processes of certification, as well as to verify their knowledge concerning the norms of certification and the performance in the occupational environment. Methodology: The …population was constituted by the physiotherapists who had participated at the 4° FISIOTRAB, the sample was composed by 30 physiotherapists, a questionnaire with pertinent questions to the study was applied. Results: 34% of the interviewed did not know what OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001 were, 66% did not know about the BS 8,800 certification. 76% of the interviewed had never participated in the implementation of certification norms; among those who had participated 28% were present during the implementation of ISO 9001, 57% at the implementation of OHSAS 18001 and 15% at that of both OHSAS and ISO 14001 together. Given that, from the 24% that had already acted in such implementations, 70% possess a specific formation in Occupational Physiotherapy. Conclusion: It was verified that the least part of physiotherapists have acted during the implementation of certification norms, and that even when they work in the Occupational Physiotherapy field many do not possess a deep knowledge on the different practical performances. Show more

Keywords: Occupational Physiotherapy, Certification in Quality, Certification in Security and Health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1033-2946

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2946-2949, 2012

Authors: Boscolo, Paolo | Forcella, Laura | Reale, Marcella | Vianale, Giovina | Battisti, Uliano | Bonfiglioli, Roberta | Cortini, Michela | Di Giampaolo, Luca | Di Donato, Angela | Salerno, Silvana

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The immune system, in cooperation with neuroendocrine functions, defends from cancer and infections mainly by the activity of blood natural killer (NK) cells. Blood NK activity may be influenced by the type of employment since work is the central part of life; moreover, job stress is a situation affecting both neuroendocrine and immune systems. This study examines anxiety (by STAI 1 and 2), job strain (by the Karasek’s JCQ) and blood NK activity (by an in vitro radio-isotopic method) of 134 male workers. These men, over 38 years old with stable employment, were working in factories, in construction yards, in …offices, as hospital attendants or as self-employed craftsmen. Workers in factories and in construction yards, with high job strain, showed lower NK activity, while office employees, with low job demand, and craftsmen with low anxiety and elevated decision latitude, showed higher NK activity; the level of NK activity of the hospital attendants was between the other groups. In conclusion, this study confirms that the type of employment, related to job stress, affects blood NK activity. Moreover, blood NK activity may be used in the bio-monitoring of workers at high risk. Show more

Keywords: occupational stress, anxiety, NK activity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0546-2950

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2950-2954, 2012

Authors: Adaramola, Samson Sunday

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Abstract This paper examines mental and physical pressures that workers bear at work. The authors discuss how onthe-job stress affects a person’s capabilities and productivity, and how such pressures lend to higher incidences of accidents at work. The paper also discuses methods of reducing job-related stress and increasing productivity. An intervention was conducted amongst workers in a private firm. It shows mental and emotional pressure can affect performance and productivity of a worker on the job. One of the biggest influences of today’s worker is onthe-job stress. Job stress occurs when the requirements of the job do not match …the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. This consequently affects how a person would normally deal with customer service problems, grievances, violence, conflict, and decisions on the job. Stress is an inevitable part of everyday life, and is therefore a distinct part of a person’s job. To properly control the outcome of stress, there are certain precautions and methods that should be taken that will boost productivity Show more

Keywords: “Illness”, “Pressure”, “Intervention” “Performance”

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0547-2955

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2955-2958, 2012

Authors: Castro, M | Araujo, L

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Introduction: At the same time that there are increased demands we have become more sedentary, increasing risk factors for new diseases. All this reflects on our quality of life with special emphasis upon a particular syndrome called Burnout. Aviation is no exception and packed into its processes each day more expeditious, promotes a perfect environment for the development and spread of the syndrome. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life, organizational climate, and the level of physical activity among employees of a Brazilian airline. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted with 8 subjects. Results: Total score on the WHOQOL quality …of life questionnaire was 64.7 (SD 10.8), and the environmental field showed the lowest score. Nevertheless, the sedentary risk factor was performed in 25% of the sample. About the organizational climate, it can be seen that 6.12% of the sample was framed in “Professional Exhaustive”, 29.60% in the condition of “Warning”, and 64.37% in the condition of “Professional Efficiency”. Conclusion: the study found a low quality of life, especially in the environmental category, sedentary people and a large proportion of employees in this Brazilian airline with negative scores on the Organizational Climate. Show more

Keywords: Quality of Life, Organizational Climate, Environmental Work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0548-2959

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2959-2962, 2012

Authors: Padula, Rosimeire Simprini | Chiavegato, Luciana Dias | Cabral, Cristina Maria Nunes | Almeid, Talita | Ortiz, Thais | Carregaro, Rodrigo Luiz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The occupational stress is associated with dissatisfaction, excessive demand at work and personal factors. Those factors can reduce work performance and can predispose workers to various diseases. Workers’ health may be protected if there is encouragement to face challenges, which may lessen the impact on psychological and somatic stress and thus have greater personal and professional satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational stress and work engagement. Participated in this study 457 male and female workers of a metallurgical industry. Subjects answered personal data, and the Job Stress Scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale …were applied. Results showed an association between occupational stress and work engagement (P=0,001). The way the individual deals with his frustrations, or rather the work engagement, is associated with the occupational stress. Show more

Keywords: Enviroment, Mental Health, Ergonomics, Work engagement, Workplace

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0549-2963

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2963-2965, 2012

Authors: Forcella, Laura | Bonfiglioli, Roberta | Cutilli, Piero | Antonucci, Andrea | Di Donato, Angela | Siciliano, Eugenio | Cortini, Michela | Violante, Francesco Saverio | Boscolo, Paolo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Psychosocial discomfort may amplify job-related risk factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate job stress in a high fashion clothing company with upper limb biomechanical overload due to repetitive and forceful manual activities. Biomechanical risk was analyzed and in part reduced using the OCRA Check list. A total of 518 workers (433 females and 85 males) were investigated to determine anxiety (by STAI 1 and 2), occupational stress (using the Italian version of the Karasek Job Content Questionnaire) and perception of symptoms. Final biomechanical assessment did not reveal high risk jobs, except for cutting. Although the perception of …anxiety and job insecurity was within the normal range, all the workers showed a high level of job strain (correlated with the perception of symptoms) due, probably, to very low decision latitude. It was suggested that job strain may increase the perception of symptoms. Moreover, the result of this study indicates that musculoskeletal overload has to be further analyzed since its low level is not in agreement with the level of discomfort due to the repetitive tasks. Show more

Keywords: occupational stress, anxiety, NK activity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0550-2966

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2966-2970, 2012

Authors: Costa, Susana | Arezes, Pedro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The international standard ISO 9612:2009, regarding the determination of occupational noise exposure through an engineering method, establishes a methodology for evaluating the exposure of workers to occupational noise, through the specification of three different strategies, namely: task-based measurement (TBM); job-based measurement (JBM) and; fullday measurement (FDM). In this work, questions are raised, “resulting in a literature review regarding the need to test the functionality of the three strategies, through the systematic comparison between them and analysis of their application impact at several levels. There is a need to test the compare these three strategies, since there are no peer-review studies …in this domain. In fact, there are still no studies that systematically do the comparison between them and analyze the impact of their application at various levels, such as the precision and accuracy of the results, the required equipment, time spent and, most important, the estimation of the uncertainty associated to the measurements. Show more

Keywords: Acoustics, uncertainty, accuracy, ISO

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0551-2971

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2971-2973, 2012

Authors: Zunjic, Aleksandar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Work in an industrial environment is often associated with high levels of noise. For measuring and evaluating of noise levels, sometimes it is necessary to use several instruments. These instruments can be very expensive and require qualified personnel. Medium and small-sized firms often lack sufficient financial resources to ensure continuous measurement and assessment of noise levels. For this reason, a new SCANAM method for assessing the levels of noise is designed. This method involves the use of cheap and accurate sound level meter and specially designed software for assessing the effects of noise. Application of this method is very simple. …Based on a noise sample in duration of eight hours, the accuracy of the SCANAM method was confirmed. Application of this method is significantly cheaper than an approach based on the use of expensive multi-function devices, or separate devices for measuring and assessing noise at the workplace. Show more

Keywords: SCANAM method, noise, noise assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0552-2974

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2974-2981, 2012

Authors: Barkokébas Jr., Béda | Vasconcelos, Bianca M. | Lago, Eliane Maria G. | Alcoforador, Aline Fabiana P

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the civil construction industry sector, it has been observed that the increasing use of machines has made tasks noisier and consequently caused hearing loss and had other adverse effects on workers. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the physical risks of noise present in activities undertaken in a construction company in order to propose control measures which will contribute to the management of health and safety within the company’s organization. The methodology applied was based on verifying the characteristics of exposure to noise on construction sites, from an observation of sources which generated noise and …making measurements of sound pressure levels emitted by these sources. The data was then analyzed and compared with the recommended performance levels established in control measures. As a result, it was found that some machines and equipment used in civil construction often generate noise above the acceptable levels and as such, in these cases, various control measures have been proposed. It is believed that the use of management techniques is the most effective way to assess risk and to implement the preventive and corrective actions proposed, and allows for the analysis of sound pressure levels on an ongoing basis. Show more

Keywords: Construction, Health and Safety at Work, Noise

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0553-2982

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2982-2990, 2012

Authors: Tokars, Eunice | Moro, Antonio Renato Pereira | Cruz, Roberto Moraes

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The working activity in traffic of the big cities complex interacts with the environment is often in unsafe and unhealthy imbalance favoring the binomial work - health. The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between work and health of taxi drivers in Curitiba, Brazil. This cross-sectional observational study with 206 individuals used a questionnaire on the organization’s profile and perception of the environment and direct observation of work. It was found that the majority are male, aged between 26 and 49 years and has a high school degree. They are sedentary, like making a journey from 8 …to 12 hours. They consider a stressful profession, related low back pain and are concerned about safety and accidents. 40% are smokers and consume alcoholic drink and 65% do not have or do not use devices of comfort. Risk factors present in the daily taxi constraints cause physical, cognitive and organizational and can affect your performance. It is concluded that the taxi drivers must change the unhealthy lifestyle, requiring a more efficient management of government authorities for this work is healthy and safe for all involved. Show more

Keywords: Work, health, taxi driver, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0554-2991

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2991-2997, 2012

Authors: Schmidt, Lisa | Sjöström, John | Antonsson, Ann-Beth

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Abstract Occupational health service in Sweden is often described as an important and strategic resource to reduce work-related diseases, improve work ability and successfully assess improvement of the workplace. However, not much research has been done on how OHS contribute to reduced absence due to work-related illness or improvement of the work ability of employees. In our study, the ambition has been to describe how OHS can contribute and give effects in client companies. Fifteen companies considered to be good examples were selected in cooperation with the social partners. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with representatives of the company and …OHS. The results show that efficient collaboration depend strongly on the relationship between the OHS and the company, and were highly correlated with a continuously dialogue and contact. Good occupational safety and health management at company level was a key factor for effective use of OHS. The strategic collaborations also often led to that OHSs contribution was gradually shifted from a reactive or medical focus to a more proactive approach. Several of the interviewed OHSs also held this strategy to work more with prevention, and focusing on “treating the organization”, not the individual, leaving the executive measures to the company. Show more

Keywords: Keyword: Occupational health services, relationship, dialogue, occupational safety and health management, strategic collaborations

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0555-2998

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 2998-3001, 2012

Authors: Kluth, Karsten | Baldus, Sandra | Strasser, Helmut

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The sales figures of chilled and frozen food have been rising steadily over the years. Naturally, this has also led to an increase in the number of jobs related to these goods. While these workplaces are becoming more and more important there are, nevertheless, only a few investigations into the effects of working in deep cold on humans. Order-picking in a cold environment represents a high workload. Especially working at −24°C with wearing heavy cold protective clothing leads to explicitly higher strain. Since performance decreases with age, varying physical strain between younger and older employees can hypothetically be expected. In …order to quantify the physiological responses to working in the cold, 15 subjects of two female age groups, each, (20− to 35-year-olds and 40− to 65-year-olds) were asked to carry out whole working day tasks in a chill room (+3°) and in a cold store (−24°C). Simultaneously, heart rate and other physiological relevant parameters were measured. Show more

Keywords: Field Study, Severe Environmental Conditions, Age-adjusted Strain

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0556-3002

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3002-3009, 2012