Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 4, issue 4

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4411

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. I-III, 1984

Authors: Kenny, M.W. | Gyde, O.H.B. | Stuart, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte deformability in 39 patients with polycythaemia vera was studied by cell filtration through polycarbonate membranes of 3 µn and 5 µn pore diameter and by the measurement of erythrocyte bulk viscosity. Classification of patients according to erythrocyte mean cell volume (MCV 90+ fl - 11 patients; MCV 78–89 fl - 17 patients; MCV < 75 fl - 11 patients) revealed a clear relationship between erythrocyte size and deformability. Reduction in erythrocyte size was associated with improved erythrocyte deformability as measured by both filtration and viscometric techniques so that microcytosis is unlikely to be a rheological hazard in patients with …polycythaemia vera. Show more

Keywords: Rheology, Viscosity, Polycythaemia, Microcytosis, Erythrocyte deformability

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4401

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 381-386, 1984

Authors: Bucherer, C. | Lacombe, C. | Lelievre, J.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The modification of erythrocyte deformability, observed when one adds pentoxifylline in vitro, are studied using two methods. The filtration method (Hanss hemorheometer) allows, from filtration time measurements, to determine a filtration parameter. The viscometric method (Couette viscometer) allows, from shear-thinning measurements, to evaluate a viscometric parameter. These two parameters, which can characterize, to a certain extent, red blood cell deformability, are compared statistically. Furthermore, using those methods, the effect of pentoxifylline is evaluated on normal cells.

Keywords: red cell deformability, viscometry, filtration, pentoxifylline

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4402

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 387-393, 1984

Authors: Ernst, E. | Matrai, A. | Dormandy, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Although blood clotting is often referred to as shear dependent, there are little experimental data to support this. In a set of experiments fresh, non-anticoagulated blood was submitted to Couette flow. All surfaces in contact with blood had been siliconized. Samples were tested at three different shear rates i.e. shear stresses covering the physiological range. In each case clotting was detected by a 10% change of the otherwise constant reading in the x–y recorder. The results indicate a shear dependence of clotting time which decreases as shear increases.

Keywords: hemorheology, hemostasis, blood coagulation, shear forces

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4403

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 395-399, 1984

Authors: Perret, G. | Garnier, M. | Modigliani, E. | Hanss, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Intracellular calcium concentration and membrane lipid composition are known to have an effect upon erythrocyte deformability. A double blind cross over trial was therefore undertaken in ten healthy volunteers to test the hypothesis that Nifedipine (30 mg/day), a calcium antagonist, affects erythrocyte filterability. The rigidity index of eryhrocytes, determined by an original initial flow rate method, remained the same throughout the Nifedipine period and the placebo period. neither plasma lipids nor erythrocyte membrane lipids were affected by nifedipine except for elythrocyte membrane phosphatidylethanolamine which might rise with Nifedipine.

Keywords: Nifedipine, Calcium antagonists, Erythrocyte filterability, Serum lipids, Erythrocyte membrane lipids

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4404

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 401-408, 1984

Authors: Artioli, F. | Gelmini, G. | Pedrazzoni, M. | Dall’Asta, D. | Ferretti, P.G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the present study, the authors evaluated on different subjects the filtration of whole blood with either EDTA or heparin, and the filtration of red blood cells resuspended in autologous plasma with haematocrit adjusted at 20%. After use, the filtration membranes were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M.). Use of whole blood and heparin gave the longest filtration times and, on S.E.M. examination, showed numerous membrane holes occluded by platelet plugs. Use of red blood cells diluted with plasma led to a lesser degree of membrane plugging, but was often associated with marked alterations of the erythrocyte shape, probably …resulting from more frequent microtrauma in the dilution procedure. Show more

Keywords: erythrocyte filtration, anticoagulants, Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M.)

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4405

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 409-418, 1984

Authors: Ernst, E. | Roloff, Ch. | Magyarosy, I. | Drexel, H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to provide practical help for workers in this field a study was undertaken to clarify the hither tho little researched influence of the following factors on blood viscometry: anticoagulant, time lapse withdrawal -measuring, and storage temperature. Blood from healthy volunteers was anticoagulated with heparin or EDTA, left standing either at 21°C or 4°C and measured at hours 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 after venepuncture in a Haake RV 100 viscometer. The results demonstrate that blood viscosity measurements a) are similar in terms of absolute value and reliability, regardless to the anticoagulant used (heparin or EDTA) if measured …without delay b) show a decreased reliability with increasing delay of measurement which is most pronounced at low shear c) remain most stable during longer delays of measurement if blood is cooled to 4°C. Show more

Keywords: viscometry, hemorheology, artefacts, temperature, anticoagulant

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4406

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 419-422, 1984

Authors: Ernst, E. | Baumann, M. | Matrai, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Final exams were chosen as a model for psychoemotional stress. 13 healthy candidates were tested for haemorheological parameters (blood and plasma viscosity, red cell filterability, red cell aggregation) firstly just before the most crucial examination and secondly 3 weeks after the successful exams. The results indicate that stress increases blood and plasma viscosity and decreases filterability, while it leaves red cell aggregation unaltered. It could be postulated that psychoemotional stress exhibits its negative potential on cardiovascular disease partly through its ill effects on blood rheology.

Keywords: Haemorheology, viscosity, red cell filterability, red cell aggregation, stress, cardiovascular risk factor

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4407

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 423-429, 1984

Authors: Imaizumi, Kazuhiko | Imai, Atsuko | Maruyama, Tohru | Shiga, Takeshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The velocity of non-immune erythrocyte aggregation was determined by means of an automated rheoscope, consisted of an inverted microscope, a cone-plate viscometer, a TV image analyzer and a computer, in autologous plasma at a shear rate of 7.5/sec. As increasing the concentration of IgG and F(ab′)2 added to diluted plasma, the velocity of aggregation increased, resembling the accelerated aggregation in 5 cases of multiple myeloma. Fab- and Fc-fragments scarcely affected the velocity; on contrary, they inhibited the aggregation induced by IgG or F(ab′)2 as well as in multiple myeloma. As a plausible explanation of such inhibition, a competitive …mechanism is suggested. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte Aggregation, Multiple Myeloma, Immunoglobulin, IgG-fragments

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4408

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 431-439, 1984

Authors: Benner, K.-U. | Nordt, F.J.

Article Type: Abstract

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4409

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 441-441, 1984