Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 29, issue 2

Authors: Wang, Jinhua | Ka, Weibo | Tang, Zhiyu | Sun, Dagong | Wen, Zongyao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The deformability and membrane fluidity of the precursor cells for mice at different growth stages were studied; and it was found that the deformability and membrane fluidity were increased with the growth of the precursor cells. It is demonstrated that the normoblast was just placed in a turning point in the growth stage of the precursor cells. The changes are associated with the smaller the nucleus, the smaller the ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm, and the expression of membrane skeleton protein, and so on. It is also found that the order parameter (S) obtained by ESR is negatively correlated with …the small deformation index (DI)d, max  obtained by LBY‐BX2 ektacytometer, while the value of R2 (square of correlation coefficient) is 0.9816. Such conclusion shows that the order parameter (S) is basically in accordance with the small deformation index (DI)d, max  . Show more

Keywords: The precursor cells, deformability, fluidity

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 63-69, 2003

Authors: Mchedlishvili, George | Varazashvili, Manana | Kumsishvili, Tina | Lobjanidze, Irma

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Present study was aimed at specifying both the anatomical and physiological factors determining the regional hematocrit alterations. These latter were investigated in blood samples from specific vascular branches of rabbits, as well as from the skin and the jugular veins (reflecting the cerebral microcirculation) of humans. Principal findings were as follows: (1) Blood in the heart left ventricle has a higher hematocrit than blood flowing in the hind legs. (2) Blood flowing towards the cerebral vessels has a higher hematocrit than blood flowing to the hind legs. (3) Hematocrit in blood from the right brachial artery is higher than from …the left one. (4) Analogeous is the red cell/plasma relationship in the microcirculation from the humans' right and left hands' fingers. (5) Local hematocrit in the individual arterial branches of the rabbits' aortic arch is dependent on the blood flow velocity in them: the faster flow provides higher hematocrit in their lumen. (6) Microvascular hematocrit in rabbits was found significantly lowered during ischemia in the respective vascular beds. (7) Microvascular hematocrit in the human skin decreases during lowering of blood inflow, and vice versa, thus evidencing that the capillary hematocrit depends on the functional state of the feeding arterioles. We concluded, therefore, that the two basic factors determining the local hematocrit in arterial branches and in the respective microvascular networks are the anatomical outlines and the comparative velocities of blood flow in their lumina. However, in patients with strokes the hematocrit in blood flowing in the jugular veins was found lower than in blood from the carotid arteries. This might be related to the enhanced RBC aggregation and retention in the cerebral microvessels producing multiple blood stases in their lumina. Show more

Keywords: Regional hematocrit, relationship to arterial anatomy, regional hematocrit, role of flow velocity in arterial branchings, cerebral hematocrit during heavy microhemorheological disturbances

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 71-79, 2003

Authors: Marton, Zs. | Horvath, B. | Alexy, T. | Kesmarky, G. | Gyevnar, Zs. | Czopf, L. | Habon, T. | Kovacs, L. | Papp, E. | Mezey, B. | Roth, E. | Juricskay, I. | Toth, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Pathologic hemorheological parameters and increased platelet aggregation in association with other risk factors significantly increase the possibility of the development of myocardial ischemia. Hemorheological parameters and platelet aggregation were investigated in 157 patients (mean age: 65±12 years) with acute coronary syndromes and in 68 healthy subjects (mean age: 36±6 years). Plasma fibrinogen, plasma and whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and filterability and platelet aggregation were measured in the hospital phase (after admission, on 2nd and 6th days) and monitored after discharge (at 1, 6 and 12 months). After admission all these parameters were significantly higher in patients than …in control subjects (p<0.01) and almost all of them remained in the pathologic range at discharge. Some of the rheologic parameters showed a slight improvement after 1 month, but hematocrit and whole blood viscosity were higher than those after admission and of control subjects (p<0.05). After 6 and 12 months these parameters showed a small, but significant increase. Pathologically altered hemorheological parameters could be observed in patients with classical cardiovascular risk factors and significant improvement was found after elimination of them. Antiplatelet therapy was efficient in about half of the treated patients after admission; and despite a significant improvement, the proportion of ineffectively treated patients was still considerable during the follow‐up. Our results support the role of abnormal hemorheological parameters in the development of myocardial ischemia and draw attention to the rheologic risk of these patients. The results of platelet aggregation measurements show the insufficiency of antiplatelet therapy at some cases and confirm the importance of guided secondary prevention. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 81-94, 2003

Authors: Anwar, M. Akhtar | Rampling, Michael W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study the hemorheological profiles of blood samples from cirrhotic patients (compensated and decompensated) were determined, along with 18 normal healthy volunteers for comparison. Both groups of patients were anaemic, and as a consequence had a lower native blood viscosity by comparison with the healthy control group. However, after adjusting the hematocrit to 45% the high shear rate (128 s−1 ) viscosity was within the normal range, while that at low shear rate (0.277 s−1 ) exhibited a significant increase in both groups of patients over that of the control group. This was partly due to the elevated plasma …viscosities in the patients, but in the main is explained by exaggerated red blood cell aggregation. In spite of normal total plasma protein concentration in the patients, the concentration of rouleaugenic proteins was altered, and this particularly applied to the immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM). These results demonstrate that the hemorheology of the cirrhotics is disturbed from normal. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, fibrinogen, immunoglobulins, liver cirrhosis, plasma viscosity

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 95-101, 2003

Authors: Yang, Z.R. | Liu, J.Y. | Yan, P.H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The hemorheological behavior pre‐ and post‐freezing and tissue survival area (TSA) of frostbitten hind feet in cold‐acclimated rats (group CA) and the control (group C) were observed in order to go further into the mechanism of cold acclimation. The results indicated that blood viscosity and RBC aggregation tendency were lowered and RBC deformability improved obviously in CA rats as compared with those in group C (p<0.01). After the rats' hind feet were frozen, the hemorheological behavior in both group CA and C rats was changed abnormally and the changes were less serious in CA rats than those in C rats. …The TSA of CA rats was much larger than that of C rats (p<0.01). The aforesaid results revealed that after rats were acclimated to cold, their resistance to freezing increased and their adaptive changes in hemorheological behavior occurred. The extent of abnormal changes in hemorheological behavior caused by freezing was reduced in CA rats, therefore the disorder microcirculation could be improved. These changes were beneficial to the frostbitten tissue to recovering and healing. So it is considered that in CA rats, the adaptive change in hemorheological behavior is one of the cause enhancing resistance to frostbite. Show more

Keywords: Hemorheological behavior, cold acclimation, frostbite, rat, blood viscosity, hematocrit, RBC deformability

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 103-109, 2003

Authors: Ercan, M. | Konukoglu, D. | Onen, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Plasma viscosity is a major determinant of capillary blood flow. It has been suggested that alteration in plasma viscosity contributes to impaired blood flow and to increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma viscosity levels and its possible role in the cardiovascular risk in patients with low grade nephrotic proteinuria. 20 patients with low‐grade nephrotic proteinuria (mean age: 35±5 years) and 20 healthy controls (mean age: 33±4 years) were participated in the study. Plasma viscosity was measured by Harkness capillary viscometer. Biochemical analysis were measured by commercial enzymatic kits. Plasma viscosity, plasma levels of …creatinine, fibrinogen and triglyceride were increased in patients with proteinuria than in the healthy controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). The plasma levels of total protein and albumin were significantly lower in patients with low grade nephrotic proteinuria than in healthy controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Plasma viscosity was negatively correlated with plasma albumin (r=−0.835, p<0.001) and total protein (r=−0.862, p<0.001) in proteinuric patients. When the correlation analyses were performed a significant positive correlation was found between plasma viscosity and fibrinogen (r=0.636, p<0.001). In the stepwise multiple regression analysis plasma viscosity was found to be related with plasma total protein (t=−6.456, p<0.001) in the patients. When the stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed in healthy controls, the significant relationship was only found between plasma viscosity and fibrinogen (t=+2.202, p<0.01). These results suggested that altered plasma composition associated with low‐grade nephrotic proteinuria may be involving the determination of plasma viscosity. Thus, the plasma viscosity in patients with low‐grade nephrotic proteinuria may have a prognostic value in assessing cardiovascular risk in this group. Show more

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk, plasma viscosity, proteinuria

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 111-116, 2003

Authors: Vayá, Amparo | Contreras, Teresa | Aznar, Justo

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 117-118, 2003

Authors: Vayá, Amparo | Falcó, Cristina | Fernández, Patricia | Contreras, Teresa | Valls, Manuel | Aznar, Justo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte aggregation index determined with the Myrenne aggregometer gives a wide range of values both in healthy and disease, as observed in the literature, making results less comparable. This is due to the fact that it gives two aggregation indexes depending on the rotation speed of the cone, M0 (at stasis) and M1 (at 3 s−1 ) and time elapsed (5 or 10 sec), after the cone is stopped abruptly. We determined in 112 healthy volunteers both indexes at two modes and at two times, along with fibrinogen, plasmatic lipids and hematimetric indexes. The correlations between both the …5 and 10 sec mode, and the different variables were analysed and although a statistically significant correlation was observed in both modes, M1 at 5 sec gave the highest correlation values: 0.445, 0.485, 0.364, 0.460 for T‐Chol, LDL‐Chol, Apo B/A1 and fibrinogen, respectively; p<0.01. Therefore, we suggest that all the erythrocyte aggregation measurements should be performed at a hematocrit adjusted to 45%, with autologous plasma, and that an aggregation time of 5 sec (as opposed to 10 sec) should be used in order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding and to allow for comparability of results with the de Myrenne aggregometer between laboratories. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte aggregability, Myrenne aggregometer, methods

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 119-127, 2003

Authors: Turczyński, Bolesław | Michalska‐Małecka, Katarzyna | Słowińska, Ludmiła | Szczęsny, Stanisław | Romaniuk, Wanda

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this study was to correlate the severity of retinopathy in diabetic patients with the whole blood and plasma viscosity. The studies were performed on 52 patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus with non‐proliferative retinopathy (25 men and 27 females, mean age of patients 64±6.5 years). The mean duration of diabetes treatment was 13.7 years. The control group consisted of 43 healthy persons (20 men and 23 women, the mean age of controls was 55.9±9.2 years). Blood samples were taken from patients immediately after ophtalmological examination from anticubital vein and anticoagulated with K2 EDTA. The symptoms of …retinopathy were: macular edemas, microaneurysms, hard and soft exudates and hemorrhagic focuses. The severity of particular signs of retinopathy was expressed in a three point scale. The total number of rank points was correlated with blood and plasma viscosity, moreover with eyes acuity. Blood viscosity measurements were performed with the use of cone‐plate Brookfield's viscometer at shear rate 150 s−1 , and plasma viscosity with capillary Ubbelohd's viscometer. Besides the viscometric examinations hematocrit, fibrinogen, blood morphology, total cholesterol concentration, LDL‐cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose concentration and glycosylated hemoglobin were examined. The whole blood viscosity, the corrected blood viscosity adjusted to 45% of hematocrit were significantly higher in diabetics (p<0.001). The whole blood relative viscosity was also significantly elevated in diabetic patients (p<0.002). The correlation between visual acuity and rank point of retinopathy severity was negative (r=−0.91, p<0.001). The retinopathy severity was positively correlated with whole blood and plasma viscosity (r=0.51; p<0.001 and r=0.4; p<0.005, respectively). Conclusion. Elevated blood and plasma viscosity may play an additional and significant role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Show more

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, diabetic retinopathy

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 129-137, 2003