Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 17, issue 3

Authors: Link, Andreas | Hummel, Britta | Schwerdt, Holger | Schwamborn, Jürgen | Jung, Friedrich | Schieffer, Hermann

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In many assays of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function the first step is separation of PMN from whole blood. In the present investigation it was examined if PMN separation leads to an altered expression of neutrophil surface membrane adhesion molecules. Samples have been taken from 20 healthy volunteers (10 male, 10 female; 39.7\pm 11.8 years of age). PMN activation was measured cytometrically using the following antibodies against PMN surface membrane receptors: L‐selectin (CD 62 L), beta‐2‐integrin Mac‐1 (CD 11b) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD54). PMN activation was determined in whole blood and after separation of PMN using …density gradients. After PMN separation all three adhesion molecules appeared increased but the effect was only statistically significant for CD 54 (Wilcoxon test). Data (mean fluorescence intensity in arbitrary units) were: CD 62 L: 62\pm 37 in whole bood, 82\pm 28 after separation; p=0.0674 , CD 11b: 94\pm 55 in whole blood, 111\pm 47 after separation; p=0.1454 , CD 54; 13\pm 12 in whole blood, 81\pm 35 after separation; p<0.0001 . With the present data available it can be assumed that separation of PMN from whole blood can influence the results of flow cytometric assays. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 175-180, 1997

Authors: Wang, Bai‐Sheng | Wang, Li‐Juan | Zhang, Yan‐Bing | Lu, Jie‐Sheng | Tang, Ning | Huang, You‐Tian | Yan, Wen‐Hai | Song, Wei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to study the effects of isovolumic hemodilution and its combination with Danshen solution on acute ischemic reperfused canine myocardium, 24 adult hybrid dogs were used and divided into four groups. Group I was the control group, groups II–IV were treated with Dextron 40, Danshen solution and a combination of the two, respectively. The results showed that either Dextron 40 or Danshen solution alone had a significant increase of \pm\,{\rm d} p/{\rm d} t-\max when compared with group I (p<0.05 ). Although no significant difference existed between group II and III, the former showed more rapid …action. The combination of the two therapies improved \pm\,{\rm d} p/{\rm d} t-\max and LVSP, and significantly reduced the necrotic sizes and the MDA contents in the ischemic myocardia compared with not only group I, but also group II or group III (all p<0.05 ). The results suggest that isovolumic hemodilution or Danshen may protect the ischemic reperfused myocardium and the former may come into action more rapidly, and that the combination of the two may show a better synergism than each one of the two by itself. Show more

Keywords: Myocardial reperfusion, hemorheology, hemodilution, Danshen

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 181-186, 1997

Authors: Mirossay, L. | Mojžiš, J. | Jandošeková, M. | Lukačí, Š. | Nicák, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The change in human red blood cell microrheology in different glutaraldehyde concentrations (1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 \times 10^{-6} mol\, l^{-1} ) was studied. The method of millipore filtration was compared with the method of cation‐osmotic hemolysis. The obtained results revealed that the prolongation of the erythrocyte filtration time correlated with the curve shifts found in cation‐osmotic hemolysis. Contrary to the filtration method, significant differences between two lower concentrations of glutaraldehyde (1.5 and 3.0 \times 10^{-6} mol\, l^{-1} ) were found. Therefore, we conclude that the cation‐osmotic hemolysis is more sensitive than the …filtration method in determining the red blood cell deformability. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 187-192, 1997

Authors: Martínez, M. | Vayá, A. | Labios, M. | Gabriel, F. | Guiral, V. | Aznar, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study examined ninety‐six patients with essential arterial hypertension (WHO grade I–II) who had been under treatment for a period of at least one year before participating in the study. When the study began the patients received no drug treatment for one month. At the end of this washout period their basal situation was evaluated and drug treatment was begun (26 patients on calcium antagonists, 39 on beta‐blockers and 31 on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors). The patients were evaluated again after one and two years of uninterrupted treatment with the chosen medication. The results obtained indicate that in a basal …situation hypertensive patients have higher blood viscosity and erythrocyte rigidity values than the control group. Regardless of the drug treatment used, the patients experienced during the study a progressive deterioration of their hemorheological situation consisting of an increase in red blood cell rigidity and increased blood viscosity. These results indicate the importance of evaluating the hemorheological parameters of hypertensive patients and suggest that it may be advisable to include in their treatment some kind of medication that prevents progressive rheological deterioration. Show more

Keywords: Hypertension, pharmacological treatment, hemorheology

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 193-198, 1997

Authors: Caimi, Gregorio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In subjects with essential hypertension we evaluated, respectively, the red cell membrane protein lateral mobility (obtained marking intact red blood cells with pyrene‐3‐maleimide (3‐PM)), the erythrocyte membrane fluidity (obtained marking intact erythrocytes with 10‐(1‐pyrene) decanoic acid), the red cell membrane transverse fluidity gradient (obtained marking intact red blood cells with a set of fatty acid fluorescent probes (2‐AP, 6‐AS, 9‐AS, 12‐AS)), the platelet membrane fluidity (obtained marking intact and unstimulated platelets with 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (DPH) and with 1‐(4‐(trimethylamino)phenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (TMA‐DPH)) and the polymorphonuclear membrane fluidity (obtained marking intact and unstimulated polymorphonuclear cells with TMA‐DPH). From the obtained data it is evident that: …(1) red cell membrane protein lateral mobility does not distinguish normals from hypertensives; (2) erythrocyte membrane fluidity and red cell membrane transverse fluidity gradient clearly discriminate normals from hypertensives; (3) platelet membrane fluidity differentiates normals from hypertensives only when DPH is used as fluorescent probe; (4) polymorphonuclear membrane fluidity does not distinguish normals from hypertensives. Our results show that in essential hypertension a different behaviour of the membrane dynamic properties in the circulating blood cells is evident. Show more

Keywords: Essential hypertension, erythrocyte membrane fluidity, platelet membrane fluidity, polymorphonuclear leukocyte membrane fluidity

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 199-208, 1997

Authors: Turchetti, Vera | De Matteis, Caterina | Leoncini, Francesca | Trabalzini, Luca | Guerrini, Maurizio | Forconi, Sandro

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In our study we evaluated erythrocytic morphology in different pathologies which can modify flowing red cells. We followed the methodology proposed by Zipursky which allows a three‐dimensional evaluation of the red cell and a classification according to the shapes observed through the optical microscope. We studied 150 subjects: 20 normal subjects, 58 patients suffering from vascular diseases, 40 affected by diabetes (type II) (10 without and 30 with vascular diseases), 22 patients with liver disease, 5 patients with monoclonal gammopathies and 5 dehydrated patients. Results show that in normal subjects bowls, which is the shape of the most deformable red …cells, are more (55%) than discocytes (44%); the altered forms are only 1%. In vascular patients we noted a statistically significant increase of discocytes (60%). There are no significant differences between subjects affected by diabetes without vascular disease and normal subjects. In diabetics with vascular diseases there are more discocytes (57%) and some altered forms (3%). In patients suffering from chronic hepatitis a great increase (13%) in echinocytes and knizocytes was noticed, which suggests an alteration in the fluidity of the membrane. Our observations testify the importance of this simple methodology in focusing the morphological alterations which can be accounted for both by pathologies of the red cells and by changes in their metabolism. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte morphology, vascular disease, diabetes, liver disease

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 209-215, 1997

Authors: Caimi, Gregorio | Canino, Baldassare | Montana, Maria | Ventimiglia, Giuseppe | Catania, Anna | Lo Presti, Rosalia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) membrane fluidity and PMN cytosolic Ca^{2+} content in several clinical conditions: diabetes mellitus, vascular atherosclerotic disease (VAD), chronic renal failure (CRF), essential hypertension (EH). In 13 subjects with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in 24 subjects with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in 42 VAD subjects, in 23 VAD subjects with NIDDM, in 15 subjects with CRF and in 12 subjects with EH, we determined the PMN membrane fluidity, obtained marking unstimulated PMN cells with fluorescent probe 1‐[4‐(trimethylamino)phenyl]‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (TMA‐DPH), and considering the fluorescence polarization degree, and the PMN …cytosolic Ca^{2+} content, obtained marking unstimulated PMN cells with the fluorescent probe Fura2‐AM and considering the ratio between the Fura2‐Ca^{2+} complex and the unchelated Fura2 fluorescence intensity. From the obtained data it is evident that PMN membrane fluidity does not distinguish normals from IDDM subjects, NIDDM subjects, VAD subjects with and without NIDDM, CRF subjects and hypertensives. PMN cytosolic Ca^{2+} content, in comparison with normal controls, is significantly increased in VAD subjects (p<0.01 ), in VAD subjects with NIDDM (p<0.001 ), in CRF subjects (p<0.001 ) and in hypertensives (p<0.05 ). No correlation was found between PMN membrane fluidity and PMN cytosolic Ca^{2+} content. The study of these PMN parameters can be useful in the understanding of the role of leukocytes in the vascular damage that characterizes these clinical conditions. Show more

Keywords: Chronic kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, neutrophils, cytosolic calcium, membrane fluidity, vascular disease

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 217-223, 1997

Authors: Heyl, W. | Boabang, P. | Faridi, A. | Rath, W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the success of a hemodilution therapy in patients with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) using Doppler sonography. Therefore, 22 patients with IUGR were subjected to hemodilution therapy using infusions of 500 ml hydroxyethylstarch in combination with 500 ml Ringer solution on 14 successive days. The 22 patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the actual birth weight, whereas 13 patients gave birth to an eutrophic infant (AGA group) while 9 infants remained dystrophic (SGA group). The following parameters were determined: hematocrit, prolongation of gestation, pulsatility and resistance index of the …umbilical artery, the fetal aorta, the uterine arteries and the middle cerebral artery as well as the fetal outcome. Although the hematocrit decreases in both groups were almost identical, the Doppler sonographic examinations in the AGA group revealed in all cases more favorable improvements in perfusion under therapy in comparison with the SGA group. Considering the fetal aorta we could determine a worsening of perfusion in the SGA group. In the course of our investigations we have found that hemodilution therapy with hydroxyethylstarch represents a promising approach to counteract retarded fetal growth. Doppler sonography progress monitoring appears to be highly suitable for evaluating the response to therapy, especially since it can be assumed that the absence of an improvement in flow indicates only a slight advantage for the child. Show more

Keywords: Pregnancy, fetal growth retardation, hemodilution, hydroxyethylstarch, Doppler sonography

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 225-230, 1997

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 231-231, 1997