Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 20, issue 3

Authors: Nagy, Lajos | Tóth, Kálmán | Rőth, Erzsébet | Tarján, Jenő

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effect of changes in the main determinants of whole blood viscosity after red blood cell transfusion on endothelium dependent dilatation of brachial artery was studied in patients treated with symptoms of chronic anemia. 10 patients were involved in the study, 8 males, 2 females, mean age 52.7 \pm 18.7 years. Following blood tests performed at hospital admission: hemoglobin (Hgb), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell count, platelet count, plasma total protein, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides. Flow mediated dilatation of brachial artery (FMD) was determined by Doppler method. Blood tests …and FMD study were repeated after transfusion. The main determinants of whole blood viscosity increased after transfusion. The increases of Hgb, RBC, Htc were highly significant. The central flow velocity in brachial artery decreased at rest and during hyperemia as well. FMD of brachial artery was not changed significantly after transfusion. The change in factors determining whole blood viscosity did not cause a significant change in FMD. The probable explanation for this is that the increase of whole blood viscosity is associated with a decrease of central flow velocity. These two counteracting changes can equal each other. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, flow mediated dilatation, endothelium

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 145-150, 1999

Authors: Miao, Ge | Yan, Yan | Zhiyuan, Ren | Cailing, Guo | Jinfu, Ma | Ping, Huang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to provide a scientific basis for the layout of a unified standard of the reference value of Chinese young people’s erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the relationship between the reference values of the Chinese healthy young’s ESR and five geographical factors was tested according to the Wintrobe methods. The altitude was found to be the most important factor affecting the reference value of the Chinese young’s ESR. The altitude increase correlates with the decrease of the reference value of the young’s ESR. The method of stepwise regression analysis was used to deduce two multivariate regression equations. If the geographical …index values of a particular area of China are known, the reference value of the young’s ESR of this region can be calculated by means of the regression equations. Furthermore, the depending on geographical factors, China can be divided into six districts: Qingzang, Southwest, Northwest, Southeast, North and Northeast District, according to the reference values of the Chinese young’s ESR. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), reference value, geographical factors, regression analysis

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 151-157, 1999

Authors: Bilto, Yousif Y.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The rheological action of aspirin on human erythrocytes was studied by in vitro incubation of normal erythrocytes with aspirin at 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml for 30–60 min and then measuring erythrocyte rheological properties of deformability, osmotic fragility and aggregation. Aspirin (2 and/or 4 mg/ml) significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the loss of filterability (deformability) through 5 \mu m diameter pores of erythrocytes dehydrated with hypertonic buffer (450 mOsm/ kg water) or with potassium ionophore valinomycin (18 \mu mol/ l). When the calcium ionophore A23187 (1.9 \mu mol/ l) was used to …induce cell dehydration, aspirin (4 mg/ ml) unexpectedly significantly (p < 0.05) increased further the loss of filterability (deformability). Aspirin (1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) also increased significantly (p < 0.05) erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Aspirin (4 mg/ml) had no effects on aggregation of erythrocytes induced by dextran 70 (3%). The results suggest that aspirin could play a rheologically active role on erythrocytes. The observed effects of aspirin could be explained by acetylation of intracellular proteins and hence saturation (concentration) of the cell interior with the osmotically active drug. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 159-165, 1999

Authors: Peyreigne, C. | Fédou, C. | Benhaddad, A. A\"{\i }ssa | de Boisvilliers, F. | Mercier, J. | Bringer, J. | Brun, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults results in alterations of body composition and metabolism associated with a lowered insulin sensitivity and an increased cardiovascular risk. Since hemorheologic disturbances (putative factors of vascular risk) are found in the insulin‐resistance syndrome, we investigated blood rheology in 9 adults GHDs (5 men, 4 women; age 37.9\pm 4.7 years; body mass index 30.23\pm 3.2 kg/m^{2} ) compared with 23 lean controls and 37 controls matched for sex, age and body mass index. While this sample of GHDs exhibits the typical metabolic picture of this syndrome (upper body overweight with …a waist‐to‐hip ratio at 0.91\pm 0.07 ; low HDL cholesterol at 1.07\pm 0.09 mmol.l^{-1} ; low insulin sensitivity with the minimal model technique at 3.3\pm 1.29 min^{-1} /(\mu U/ml).10^{-4} ) they have similar values of blood viscosity at either native or corrected hematocrit, similar hematocrit, similar red cell rigidity viscometric index, similar red cell aggregation parameters than overweight matched controls. There is only a nonsignificant tendency for plasma viscosity to be higher in GHDs: this tendency becomes significant when women are considered alone (GHDs: 1.44\pm 0.04 mPa.s; controls: 1.31\pm 0.04 mPa.s, p<0.05 ) while it is no longer found in men. This study suggests that GHDs exhibit the classical hemorheological disturbances of non‐GHD individuals with the same degree of obesity. There is no evidence for a further impairment of blood rheology associated with the specific metabolic and endocrine pattern of GHDs that may be involved in their increased vascular risk. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, hemorheology, erythrocyte aggregation, growth hormone deficiency, adults, insulin sensitivity

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 167-174, 1999

Authors: Reid, H.L. | De Ceulaer, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Vascular complications occur frequently in SLE, and their development may be related to haemorheological derangements. However, the range of rheological abnormality in Jamaican SLE patients have not been studied. The present investigation was aimed at determining the changes in the three major blood proteins, namely fibrinogen, albumin and globulin, and their effect on plasma and serum viscosity in SLE patients during the course of treatment. The concentrations of fibrinogen and globulin were significantly increased (p<0.001 ), while albumin was decreased (p<0.05 ) in the SLE patients as compared with the control group. This increase in the fibrinogen and …globulin contributed significantly to the rise of both serum and plasma viscosity. SLE patients with more severe disease had higher serum viscosity values, suggesting that serum viscosity values may provide an important marker for disease severity. Show more

Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), fibrinogen, relative plasma viscosity, relative serum viscosity

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 175-180, 1999

Authors: Baskurt, Oguz K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The role of spleen in maintaining the normal rheological properties of red blood cells (RBC) has been investigated by comparing the time course of RBC deformability assessed by the cell transit analyzer (CTA), after the induction of RBC mechanical alterations, in splenectomized and normal guinea pigs. After the exchange transfusions with glutaraldehyde treated (hardened) RBC, most of these cells were removed from the circulation in the splenectomized animals as well as the animals with intact spleens. However, the CTA could detect the longer existence of a small population of hardened RBC in circulation in the splenectomized animals. Measurement of RBC …transit times after the onset of experimental sepsis (cecal ligature‐puncture) revealed that, in the splenectomized guinea pigs RBC deformability impairment started earlier, in comparison with the animals with intact spleens. These results suggest that the spleen plays an important role in maintaining the normal rheological properties of the circulating blood, especially in the presence of pathophysiological processes affecting RBC mechanics. Show more

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 181-188, 1999

Authors: Zengren, Yang | Jiaying, Liu | Fengzhi, Li | Peihua, Yan | Youmei, Liu | Fangren, Sun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It was found that cold injury in rats acclimated to hypoxia was more serious than that in nonacclimated ones. In order to go further into the cause, blood rheological parameters in rats of frostbite at normoxia (FN), frostbite during acute hypoxia (FAH) and frostbite during hypoxia after hypoxic acclimation (FHAC) groups were observed before and after freezing. Before freezing, systemic hematocrit (Hct), blood viscosity, RBC aggregation index and RBC rigidity of FHAC group were higher and RBC deformability index (DI) of FHAC group was lower distinctly than those of FN and FAH groups. After frostbite, the aforesaid changes aggravated prominently, …plasma viscosity of FHAC group reduced and was lower than that of FN and FAH groups. The results suggest that the hemorheological behavior is deteriorated in rats acclimated to hypoxia or subjected to freezing, and worsens in hypoxic acclimation rats after freezing. The changes in hemorheological behavior may be one of the causes that would make the frostbite damage more severe in rats acclimated to hypoxia. Show more

Keywords: Hemorheological behavior, frostbite, acute hypoxia, hypoxic acclimation, rat, RBC aggregation, hematocrit, blood viscosity, RBC deformability

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 189-195, 1999

Authors: Forconi, S.

Article Type: Other

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 197-199, 1999

Authors: Tütüncü, Neslihan Başçıl | Bayraktar, Miyase | Pehlivanoğlu, Bilge

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Erythrocyte osmotic fragility, vitamin E, microangiopathy

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 201-207, 1999

Article Type: Abstract

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 209-237, 1999