Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering - Volume 18, issue 4-5

Authors: Sensebé, Luc | Bourin, Philippe

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0520

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 173-177, 2008

Authors: McDevitt, Todd C. | Carpenedo, Richard L. | Sargent, Carolyn Y. | Berguig, Geoffrey Y. | Marklein, Ross A. | Seaman, Scott

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0521

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 179-181, 2008

Authors: Montemurro, Tiziana | Bossolasco, Patrizia | Cova, Lidia | Zangrossi, Stefano | Calzarossa, Cinzia | Buiatiotis, Simona | Soligo, Davide | Silani, Vincenzo | Lambertenghi Deliliers, Giorgio | Rebulla, Paolo | Lazzari, Lorenza

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0522

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 183-185, 2008

Authors: Mojallal, A. | Lequeux, C. | Auxenfans, C. | Braye, F. | Damour, O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Introduction: Repairing contour defects is a challenge in plastic surgery. Different filling materials have been used with inadequate results and complications. The autologous fat transfer is the standard technique at the moment, but adipose tissue reserves are limited. The aim of our study was to compare in vivo on an animal model, preadipocytes cultured in a collagen scaffold versus adipose tissue transferred by the usual surgical technique. Materials and methods: In order to compare adipocytes resulting from the differentiation of preadipocytes with those of purified adipose tissue, we implanted them in 10 nude mice. The preadipocytes were implanted using …a collagen scaffold as intermediary and the adipose tissue following the plastic surgery protocol described by SR Coleman. After 8 weeks, tissue fragments were explanted and analysed after staining with HPS, Oil Red O and labelling with human anti-vimentin antibodies. Results: The scaffold seeded with preadipocytes had the macroscopic appearance of adipose tissue with peripheral neovascularisation. The preadipocytes had been transformed into mature adipocytes. Purified adipose tissue also presented peripheral neovascularisation. Numerous mature adipocytes were found. There was an abundant murine extracellular matrix since anti-vimentin labelling was negative. Conclusion: This experimental study showed that adipose tissue engineering is feasible and gives comparable results to fat grafting. It allows a better understanding of the sequence of events following the transfer of adipose tissue. It provides not only volume but also undeniable stimulation, leading to significant thickening of the extracellular matrix. Show more

Keywords: Fat tissue, adipose tissue, adipocyte, preadipocyte, culture, scaffold, transplantation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0523

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 187-192, 2008

Authors: Mojallal, A. | Auxenfans, C. | Lequeux, C. | Braye, F. | Damour, O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Adipose tissue is the standard autologous filling material used in plastic surgery today. At the same time it is also a source of mesenchymal stem cells, situated in the Stromal–Vascular Fraction (SVF) and easy to obtain in large quantities. The method of harvesting adipose tissue is an important stage for cell survival. So far, comparative studies on harvesting techniques have only concerned MTT cell viability of mature adipocytes. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of pressure on the yield of SVF cells in relation to the syringe aspiration technique which is the standard technique in plastic …surgery. For this, six different harvesting conditions were tested on 3 patients. For each condition, a sample was taken from the trochanter region with the help of a 3 mm cannula, manual aspiration by a 10 ml syringe; wall suction; the traditional pump suction at −350 and −700 mmHg; the power assisted liposuction at −350 and −700 mmHg. Cell yield with a pressure of −350 mmHg, assisted or not, was greater than that obtained at −700 mmHg and significantly superior to aspiration with a syringe (p<0.05). At −350 mmHg, the use of power-assisted liposuction gave better results for two out of three patients when compared to non-power-assisted liposuction. Negative pressure is a factor influencing the number of SVF cells harvested. Show more

Keywords: Fat tissue, adipose tissue, adipocyte, preadipocyte, negative pressure, stem cell, transplantation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0524

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 193-197, 2008

Authors: Moby, V. | Kadi, A. | de Isla, N. | Stoltz, J.F. | Menu, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In tissue engineering, surface characteristics of a biomaterial are one of most important factors determining the compatibility with the environment. They influence attachment and growth of cells onto the material. In many cases, the surface should to be modified and engineered in the desired direction. The modification of non-adhesive surfaces with polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PMF) was recently depicted as a powerful technique to promote the growth of different cell lines. In this study, we evaluated the possible use of two different PMF as surface modification for the culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). We used two types of PMF which …differed by the nature of the initial anchoring layer which was poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). This initial polyelectrolytes adsorption was followed by the alternated deposition of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and (PAH) in order to obtain a PEI–(PSS–PAH)3 film or a PAH–(PSS–PAH)3 film. In order to control the behaviour of MSC, the cell viability was evaluated by Alamar Blue assay and the actin cytoskeleton was labelled and visualised in a confocal microscope. The behaviour of cells on the two PMF was compared to cells cultivated on surfaces treated with fibronectin. The results showed that PAH–(PSS–PAH)3 PMF improve the growth of cells, inducing a higher cell viability compared to PEI–(PSS–PAH)3 PMF and fibronectin at 2, 3 and 7 days of culture. Moreover, those cells showed a well-organized actin cytoskeleton. In conclusion, PAH–(PSS–PAH)3 polyelectrolyte multilayer film seems to constitute an excellent material for MSC seeding. Show more

Keywords: Polyelectrolyte multilayer films, surface modification, tissue engineering, stem cells

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0525

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 199-204, 2008

Authors: Zhang, Lei | Tran, Nguyen | Chen, Huai-Qing | Wang, Xiong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recent studies have shown effects of mechanical environment on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). In order to examine how BMSC and their cytoskeleton respond to mechanical stimulation, we investigated their collagen synthesis and F-actin expression. Rat BMSC were harvested from adult rats and cultured to passage 4. Then the cells were seeded onto a silicone membrane loaded with an uniaxial cyclic stretching (10%, 1 Hz) during 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h. The levels of collagen type I and III before and after stretching were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, and the F-actin in cytoplasm was observed by confocal microscopy. …Immunocytochemistry results showed that the stretching enhanced the synthesis of collagen types I and III in BMSC after 24 h stimulation. However, a decrease in fluorescence density of F-actin was observed after the stretching in a time dependent manner. In addition, the F-actin filaments seemed much thinner than those of static cells. These results indicated that the cyclic stretching favored the synthesis of collagen types I and III, but decreased the amount of F-actin in the BMSC. Show more

Keywords: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), uniaxial stretching, filamentous actin (F-actin)

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0526

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 205-210, 2008

Authors: Huselstein, C. | Netter, P. | de Isla, N. | Wang, Y. | Gillet, P. | Decot, V. | Muller, S. | Bensoussan, D. | Stoltz, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0527

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 213-220, 2008

Authors: Sanchez, Christelle | Gabay, Odile | Henrotin, Yves E. | Berenbaum, Francis

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0528

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 221-224, 2008

Authors: Tiitu, V. | Pulkkinen, H.J. | Valonen, P. | Kiviranta, O. | Kiekara, T. | Kiviranta, I. | Lammi, M.J.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0529

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 225-229, 2008

Authors: Facca, S. | Gillet, P. | Stoltz, J.-F. | Netter, P. | Mainard, D. | Voegel, J.-C. | Benkirane-Jessel, N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Complex three-dimensional structures can “a priori” be built layer-by-layer with a large number of different components, including various cell types, polyelectrolytes, drugs, proteins, peptides or DNA. Our approach is based on the spraying of such elements in order to form a highly functionalized and structured biomaterial. The proposed route will allow the control at the surface and in depth the distribution of the different included elements (matrix and cells). The main objective of this work concerns the buildup of biomaterials aimed to reconstruct biological tissue. The proposed ways are highly innovative and consist in a simple and progressive spraying …of all the elements constituting finally the biomaterial. We report here that it is possible (i) to build an alginate gel by alternate spraying of alginate and Ca2+ ; (ii) to spray active alginate gel and cells; (iii) to build layer-by-layer an active reservoir under and on the top of this sprayed gel and cells; (iv) to follow the activity of these sprayed cells with time; (v) to propose a three-dimensional sprayed structure for tissue engineering application. Show more

Keywords: Active gel, LbL films, tissue engineering, sprayed gel, sprayed cells

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0530

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 231-235, 2008

Authors: Hélary, G. | Poussard, L. | Zreiqat, H. | Migonney, V.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0531

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 237-239, 2008

Authors: Peister, Alexandra | Porter, Blaise D. | Kolambkar, Yash M. | Hutmacher, Dietmar W. | Guldberg, Robert E.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0532

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 241-246, 2008

Authors: Goebel, Jean-Christophe | Bolbos, Radu | Pinzano, Astrid | Schaeffer, Mathilde | Rengle, Adrian | Galois, Laurent | Etienne, Stéphanie | Netter, Patrick | Loeuille, Damien | Beuf, Olivier | Gillet, Pierre

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Objectives: to assess reliability and reproducibility of quantitative MRI (7 T) in assessing rat femoro-tibial cartilage volume. Methods: 5 healthy rat knees were scanned in vivo using a 7 T experimental imager. Sagittal high resolution 3D Gradient Echo with fat suppression sequences were performed with a dedicated home-made 2-elements array coil. 3D MRI sets were used to perform manual segmentation of the 3 cartilage compartments (femoral groove, medial and lateral tibial plateaus) by using a tactile screen. To evaluate inter- and intra-observer reproducibilities, the segmentation procedure was done blindly by two trained observers. One observer repeated the operation twice, …with a period of 10 months between both readings. Results: the mean duration to manually segment all the slices covering the cartilaginous joint was 4 hours. On the one hand, the inter-observer root mean square of coefficients of variation was 9.1%, 6.2%, 9.6% for the femoral, medial and lateral tibial compartments respectively. On the other hand, the intra-observer reproducibility was 2.1%, 3.2%, 2.5% for these cartilage compartments cited above. Conclusion: the image quality obtained at 7 Teslas with our dedicated coil allowed segmentation of the cartilage compartments with good reproducibility. This study demonstrated that MRI is a useful technology to provide a non-invasive and reliable assessment of rat knee cartilage volume. Show more

Keywords: Cartilage, quantitative MRI, in vivo, reproducibility, volume, rat

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0533

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 247-252, 2008

Authors: Etienne, Stéphanie | Gaborit, Nadège | Henrionnet, Christel | Pinzano, Astrid | Galois, Laurent | Netter, Patrick | Gillet, Pierre | Grossin, Laurent

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Aim: to determine if chondrocytic Hsp70 induction, via intra-articular injections of a reversible proteasome inhibitor (MG132), can protect articular chondrocytes from cellular death in experimental rat OA knee induced surgically by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Materials and methods: ACLT was performed on D0. Histological lesions in naive (sham) controls (ACLT+saline) and treated (ACLT+MG132) rats were assessed according to Mankin's score. Repeated intra-articular injections (1.5 μM MG132 or saline were performed on D1, D7, D14 and D21. Rats were sacrificed sequentially on D7, D14 and D28. Detection of active caspase-3 and protein expression of Hsp70 was also determined on …D7, D14 and D28 by immunostaining methods. Results: MG132 significantly reduced OA lesions on D28 in the MG132 treated group. The expression of Hsp70 increased 11-fold in the MG132-treated group versus 2-3-fold in ACLT-control rats on D28. Concomitantly, cells expressing caspase-3 increased 4-fold in ACLT model and decreased 2-fold with MG132 treatment. Conclusions: Intra-articular induction of Hsp70 by MG132 could be a safe and interesting tool in chondrocytes protection from cellular injuries and thus might be a novel chondroprotective modality in rat OA. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0534

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 253-260, 2008

Authors: Watrin-Pinzano, Astrid | Loeuille, Damien | Goebel, Jean-Christophe | Lapicque, Françoise | Walter, Fredéric | Robert, Philippe | Netter, Patrick | Corot, Claire | Gillet, Pierre | Blum, Alain

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess 2 Gd-based macromolecular intravascular contrast agents (P792, rapid clearance blood pool agent (rBPA) and P717, slow clearance blood pool agent (sBPA)) compared to Gd-DOTA (representative extracellular non specific agent) in MR imaging of knee rabbit experimental synovitis. Quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (qDCE-MRI) after intravascular injection of a low molecular weight contrast agent of 0.56 kDa (Gd-DOTA) and 2 high-molecular-weight contrast agents of 6.47 kDa (P792) and 52 kDa (P717) was performed in rabbits with carrageenan-induced synovitis of the right knee. P792 and P717 provided a progressive and persistent enhancement of arthritic …synovial tissue while Gd-DOTA provided an early and rapidly declining enhancement with a concomitant diffusion in synovial fluid, thus limitating delineation of synovial pannus. P792 allowed acquisition of high-quality MR arthrograms, due to both a better diffusion in synovial pannus (vs. P717) and a concomitant restricted diffusion into the synovial fluid (vs. Gd-DOTA). In fact, experimental rabbit synovitis represent a specific entity that favors the T1 effect of high-molecular-weight agents, and especially rBPA P792, entrapped in synovial pannus, without diffusion in the synovial fluid. Due to this lack of arthrographic effect, P792 accumulation could be specifically sequentially analyzed by qDCE-MRI for detecting, characterizing and monitoring synovial vascular permeability changes during mono- or polysynovitis. Show more

Keywords: Inflammation, experimental synovitis, contrast medium, MRI

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0535

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 261-272, 2008

Authors: Moretti, M. | Freed, L.E. | Padera, R.F. | Laganà, K. | Boschetti, F. | Raimondi, M.T.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0536

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 273-278, 2008

Authors: Das, Ruud | Kreukniet, Martijn | Oostra, Jaap | van Osch, Gerjo | Weinans, Harrie | Jahr, Holger

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0537

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 279-282, 2008

Authors: Kahn, Cyril J.F. | Vaquette, Cédryck | Rahouadj, Rachid | Wang, Xiong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Bioreactors are defined as devices in which biological and/or biochemical processes develop under closely monitored and tightly controlled environmental and operating conditions (e.g. pH, temperature, mechanical conditions, nutrient supply and waste removal). In functional tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissues, a bioreactor capable of controlling dynamic loading plays a determinant role. It has been shown that mechanical stretching promotes the expression of type I and III collagens, fibronectin, tenascin-C in cultured ligament fibroblasts (J.C.-H. Goh et al., Tissue Eng. 9 (2003), S31) and that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC) – even in the absence of biochemical regulators – could …be induced to differentiate into ligament-like fibroblast by the application of physiologically relevant cyclic strains (G. Vunjak-Novakovic et al., Ann. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 6 (2004), 131; H.A. Awad et al., Tissue Eng. 5 (1999), 267; R.G. Young et al., J. Orthop. Res. 16 (1998), 406). Different bioreactors are commercially available but they are too generic to be used for a given tissue, each tissue showing specific mechanical loading properties. In the case of ligament tissue engineering, the design of a bioreactor is still an open question. Our group proposes a bioreactor allowing cyclic traction–torsion on a scaffold seeded with stem cells. Show more

Keywords: Bioreactor, ligament, cell culture, stem cell, cell differentiation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0538

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 283-287, 2008

Authors: Crouchley, Claire M. | Barron, Valerie | Punchard, Marie | O'Cearbhaill, Eoin | Smith, Terry

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0540

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 291-294, 2008

Authors: Paternotte, E. | Gaucher, C. | Labrude, P. | Stoltz, J.-F. | Menu, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hypoxia is a diminution of oxygen quantity delivered to tissue for cellular need to product energy. Hypoxia derives from two major conditions in health diseases: anemia and ischemia. Anemic hypoxia comes from damage to O2 transport like red blood cells diminution or disease. Ischemic hypoxia is a diminution of blood flow following a diminution of blood volume after a hemorrhagic shock. After hypoxia, vessels dilate to increase blood flow allowing a better oxygenation of peripheral tissues. This vasodilation appears immediately after the beginning of hypoxia and can be maintained during several hours. Today, the molecular mechanisms of this vasodilation …stay unclear. But it seems that potassic channels, ATP concentration and medium acidification in addition to vasodilator/vasoconstrictor balance play a great role to facilitate the oxygenation of the ischemic areas. As endothelial cells (EC) are lining the vasculature, they are always in contact with blood, which carries, amongst other compounds, oxygen. In this way, they are the first target for an oxygen partial pressure (PO2 ) diminution. EC, through different mechanosensors, can sense a variation in PO2 and adapt their metabolism to maintain ATP production. Under hypoxia, EC switch into hypoxic metabolism, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, when PO2 is low, the respiratory chain in the mitochondria runs slower. Furthermore, cytochrome C capacity to trap O2 is reduced; this phenomenon alters the cellular redox potential and leads to the accumulation of electrons that induce the formation of ROS. This review presents an overview of the behaviour of endothelial cells face to hypoxia. We propose to focus on nitric oxide, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), lactate and ROS productions. Then we present the different mode of culture of EC under hypoxia. Finally, we conclude on the difficulty to study hypoxia because of the various types of system developed to reproduce this phenomenon and the different signalling ways that can be activated. Show more

Keywords: Endothelial cells, hypoxia, NO, HIF, lactate, ROS

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0541

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 295-299, 2008

Authors: O'Brien, Timothy

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0542

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 301-302, 2008

Authors: Kadi, A. | Moby, V. | de Isla, N. | Lacolley, P. | Menu, P. | Stoltz, J.F.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0543

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 303-307, 2008

Authors: Shapira, Keren | Dikovsky, Daniel | Habib, Manhal | Gepstein, Lior | Seliktar, Dror

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0544

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 309-314, 2008

Authors: Hornebeck, William

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0545

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 317-318, 2008

Authors: Silva, João N. | Filipe, Paulo | Morlière, Patrice | Mazière, Jean-Claude | Freitas, João P. | Gomes, Manuel Marques | Santus, René

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin tumors or pre-cancerous lesions and of age-related macular degeneration combines the administration of porphyrins or porphyrin precursors and illumination with red light at the diseased sites. Photosensitizers absorbing light beyond 630 nm where tissues have the highest transmittance produce singlet oxygen, a highly reactive activated oxygen species and a major cytotoxin. The PDT of age-related macular degeneration is performed with red laser light after i.v. injection of verteporfin (Visudyne® ) a hydrophobic porphyrin carried by serum lipoproteins whose endocytosis leads to accumulation of the porphyrin in endothelial cells of choroidal neo-vessels. In the PDT of …skin cancers, local synthesis of the photosensitizer occurs after topical application of the natural protoporphyrin IX precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid (or its ester forms) on the lesions. In all the cases, the photosensitizers should be rapidly excreted to avoid a long lasting skin photosensitivity. Show more

Keywords: Photodynamic therapy, verteporfin, aminolevulinic acid, age-related macular degeneration, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0546

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 319-327, 2008

Authors: Werkmeister, Elisabeth | Dumas, Dominique | de Isla, Natalia | Marchal, Luc | Stoltz, Jean-François

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Multiphoton excitation, spectral, FLIM, second harmonic generation

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0548

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 329-333, 2008

Authors: Lu, Jing | Laudinet, Jacques | Williams, Sandy

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0549

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 335-337, 2008

Authors: Amouroux, Marine | Blondel, Walter C.P.M. | Granel-Brocard, Florence | Marchal, Frédéric | Guillemin, François

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BME-2008-0550

Citation: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 18, no. 4-5, pp. 339-343, 2008