Affiliations: School of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK | Orthopaedic Suite, Woodend Hospital, Eday Road, Aberdeen AB15 6XS, UK
Note: [] Corresponding author: Professor D.W.L. Hukins, School of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Tel.: +44 121 414 43543; Fax: +44 121 414 3958; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: Setting times, volume after setting, injectability and hardness (at 37°C in contact with Ringer's solution) were determined for cements made of mixtures of calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with a range of compositions. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the behaviour of a mixture that could be used as an injectable cement for orthopaedic applications, including spinal fusion. A suitable mixture consisted of 60% CS and 40% HA by mass; a slurry was made by mixing solid (36 g) with water (15 cm3). The slurry had initial and final setting times of 5.7±1.3 min and 19.6±0.7 min (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. The hardness of the cement did not systematically increase or decrease in the 72 h following the final setting time. The volume of the cement was 99.8±0.4% of the volume of the initial slurry, i.e. there was negligible shrinkage on setting. It was able to withstand a pressure of 7.3±1.2 MPa, applied by a hemispherical indenter before the onset of permanent damage, indicating adequate strength for spinal fusion.
Keywords: Bone repair, calcium sulphate, hydroxyapatite, injectable cement, spinal fusion
