Affiliations: [a] Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan | [b] Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan | [c] Department of Oral Functional Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Functional Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Surface nanostructures in titanium (Ti) oral implants are critical for rapid osseointegration. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of osteoblast-like (Saos-2) and epithelial-like (Ca9-22) cells on nanopatterned Ti films. METHODS:Ti films with 500 nm grooves and pillars were fabricated by nanoimprinting, and seeded with Saos-2 and Ca9-22 cells. Cell viability and morphology were assessed by cell proliferation assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS:As assessed after 1 hour, proliferation of Saos-2 cells was most robust on grooved films than on pillared and smooth films, in this order. These cells approximately doubled on grooved and pillared substrates in 24 hours and after 5 days, but not on smooth surfaces. In contrast, Ca9-22 cells favored smooth surfaces, followed by grooved and pillared films. Indeed, cells sparsely adhered to pillared films over 5 days of incubation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The data show that Saos-2 and Ca9-22 cells respond differently to different nanostructures, and highlight the potential use of nanopatterns to promote bone regeneration or to prevent epithelial downgrowth at the implant-bone interface.
