Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 8, issue 5

Authors: Bilto, Y.Y. | Player, M. | Stuart, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cetiedil citrate is an iminoester and vasodilator that has a rheological effect in vascular disease and sickle-cell anaemia. When norma 1 human erythrocytes were dehydrated in vi tro us i ng the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, or the Na+ /K+ ionophore nystatin, the drug was shown to have a dual effect - decreasing K+ loss via the Gardos channel and increasing passive Na+ and K+ flux along their concentration gradients. Erythrocyte filterability through 5 µm diameter pores altered in association with change in the cation, and therefore water, content of the ionophore-treated erythrocytes. There was no …evidence that the drug increased ATP concentration or, when tested by osmotic fragility and laser diffractometry, that it expanded the membrane surface area of erythrocytes. Thus the rheological action of cetiedil citrate on human erythrocytes is mediated by an effect on cell hydration. Show more

Keywords: Rheology, erythrocyte deformability, ion transport

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8511

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 649-661, 1988

Authors: Puniyani, R.R. | Annapurna, V. | Jaiswal, V.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Haemorheological parameters are determined in six different allergic skin diseases. Only Plasma Viscosity was found to be significantly altered in both pooled sample and diseases Classified into 6 groups.

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8512

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 663-667, 1988

Authors: Yong-de, Shi | Ze-jun, Lian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: ESR was greatly influenced by Hct, which caused ESR to lose its original meaning and accuracy. In order to avoid the interference, an equation relating ESR to Hct was derived as ESR = − K ( ln H + ( 1 − H ) ) , here K was defined as the coefficient for the equation which could be easily calculated for every tested subject from ESR and Hct. The increase of K implied losing charge on surface of RBC biophysically and associated with the contents of fibrinogen, IgG and IgA. The method using K to test patients …instead of origenal ESR showed the good superriority such as exclusion of interference from Hct and increase of accuracy in clinical investigation. The abnormality of some patients with ischemic stroke or acute myocardial infarction could be detected by K, but they were shown in normal range by ESR. Show more

Keywords: ESR, RBC electrophoretic mobility, IgG, IgA, Fibrinogen

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8513

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 669-678, 1988

Authors: Driss, F. | Darcet, Ph. | Delhaye, N. | Mendy, F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Elderly subjects ingested 2g or 1g of Cod Liver Oil for 6 weeks. Platelet aggregation, Blood filterability and fatty acid composition of both plasma and red cell membrane phospholipids were investigated before and after Cod Liver Oil intake. Platelet aggregation induced by low concentration of collagen, epinephrin and ADP was significantly reduced after 2g or 1g of Cod Liver Oil. Blood filterability was enhanced as well as EPA and DBA content in red cell membrane after 2g of CLO intake. There is no modification in the fatty acid composition of both plasma or red cell phospholipids after 1g of …CLO. Further to their antiaggregatory effect, dietary EPA and DBA may regulate hemorheological parameters. Therefore daily intake of these n-3 fatty acids may protect against atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Show more

Keywords: Eicosapentaenoic acid, Cod Liver Oil, Elderly subjects, RBC filterability, Platelet Aggregation, RBC fatty acids

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8514

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 679-685, 1988

Authors: Boynard, M. | Razavian, M. | Beuzardz, Y.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aggregation state of sickle cells was studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure, with ultrasound backscattering. The ultrasonic backscattering coefficient χ , which depends on the size of the aggregates, is highly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Sickle cells (SS) in their plasma present a χ variation versus pO2 similar to the variation of the sickling curve. These results suggest that sickling prevent aggregation of sickle cells.

Keywords: Aggregation, Ultrasound, Red Blood Cell, Sickle cell anemia

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8515

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 687-694, 1988

Authors: Koutsouris, D. | Boynard, M. | Delatour-Hanss, E. | Gattegno, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effect of sialic acid of erythrocytes on the cellular aggregation and deformability was quantitatively examined. Desialylated red blood cells were obtained after incubation with neuraminidase at different concentrations. The electrophoretic mobility was controlled. Erythrocyte aggregation was measured via ultrasound backscattering on erythrocytes resuspended In autoloqous plasma. Red blood cell deformability was studied on dilute suspensions In phosphate buffer by the Initial flow rate filtration method and the cell transit time analysis. For desialylated red blood cells In suspension. Aggregation is increased due to the reduction of the electrostatic repulsive force among erythrocytes. An increase of the cellular transit time …is found. A reason which could explain this phenomenon is the role of the cell membrane-pore wall sieves Interactions. Show more

Keywords: electrical charge, red blood cell, aggregation, deform ability, ultrasound backscattering, filtration

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8516

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 695-705, 1988

Authors: Friederichs, E. | Lakomek, M. | Vinkler, H. | Tillmann, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We have examined the influence of Ca2+ -ions and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) on the solubility of deoxygenated human hemoglobin A. We could demonstrate that Ca2+ - normally present with 0.2 µmol in the erythrocyte - reduces solubility by 13 % already in a concentration of 50 µmol. This decrease in solubility by Ca2+ could be compensated by 2,3-DPG in physiological ranges from 15–20 µmol/g hemoglobin, and there is no synergistic behaviour of these two substances. A model is presented that accounts for the intraerythrocytic Ca2+ /organic phosphate equilibrium as a determining factor of deoxyhemoglobin leading to an altered deformability …of erythrocytes. Show more

Keywords: Calcium ions, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, deoxygenated human hemoglobin

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8517

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 707-714, 1988

Authors: Muralidharan, E. | Singh, Mogha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effects of diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction on the erythrocyte sedimentation profiles under gravitational field are determined by the transmission of He-Ne laser light through the blood sample contained in a glass chamber, and are compared with that of normal sample. It has been observed that the sedimentation profiles at various points in the blood column depend on the clinical status of blood. In myocardial infarction the erythrocytes tend to settle faster than that of diabetes mellitus at all time intervals, which in turn sediment faster than that of normal blood. The aggregation index, (as obtained by the ratio …of the transmittod intensity for normal to that of diseased blood) is higher in myocardial infarction compared to that of diabetes mellitus at all time intervals. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte sedimentation profiles, transmittod laser intensity, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8518

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 715-722, 1988

Authors: Craveri, A. | Tornaghi, G. | Paganardi, L. | Ranieri, R. | Scaglioni, S. | Torchiana, M. | Giovannini, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood rheology measurements (whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen) were made in 130 obese subjects (89 adults and 41 children), 23 hyperlipidemic subjects and 88 controls. Obesity was characterized by an increase in blood and plasma viscosity and plasma fibrinogen. Erythrocyte viscosity was normal in obese adults and elevated in obese children. Blood hyperviscosity in adult obese subjects was more evident in the presence of hypertension. Nevertheless, adult obese subjects without associated disease showed a higher blood viscosity than control subjects. Blood viscosity in obese children was not found to have any correlation with …hypertension, cholesterol and triglycerides but correlated significantly with percentage overweight. Increased blood, plasma and erythrocyte viscosity but a normal plasma fibrinogen were found in hyperlipidemia. Show more

Keywords: Obesity, Hemorheology, Viscosity, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8519

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 723-736, 1988

Authors: Di Perri, T. | Laghi Pasini, F. | Ralli, L. | Pecchi, S. | De Franco, V. | Damiani, P. | Domini, L. | Materazzi, M. | Monaci, A. | Franchi, M. | Burresi, A. | Landini, F. | Pieragalli, D. | Acciavatti, A. | Galigani, C. | Frigerio, C. | Messa, G.L. | Blardi, P. | Volpi, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A controlled physical training was programmed for 15 peripheral obliterative arterial disease (POAD) patients with a daily exercise for 6 days every week, for 3 consecutive weeks without drugs treatment. Several haemorheological, haemodynamic and metabolic parameters were registered before and after the treadmill exercise, before and after the training period. The mean starting pain free walking distance was 283.7±50.4 m. At this moment, after the exercise, a Significant increase of whole blood viscosity and fibrinogen concentration, and a decrease of whole blood filterability were shown. At the same time a significant increase of venous β -thromboglobulin, thromboxane A2 adenosine …and lactate were registered while the euglobulin lysis time was reduced as well as blood pH and venous PO2 . After three weeks of training the pain free distance increased to 447.0±53.4 m. At this moment three measurements of the above mentioned functions are made: the first at the beginning of the exercise, the second one at the time corresponding to the pain free distance registered before training, and the last at the new pain free distance. The registered data showed that at the first and at the second point the value of each variable was better than that registered before the training, while that registered at the last time was not significantly different from the corresponding initial evaluation. The leg blood flow was unchanged. In conclusion the training-dependent improvement of the pain free distance was not associated to an increase of blood flow but rather to a complex mechanism involving both rheological and metabolic changes. Show more

Keywords: Arterial obliterative disease (AOD), Blood viscosity, Whole blood filterability, Exercise test, Training, Peripheral blood flow

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8520

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 737-750, 1988

Authors: Kaperonis, A.A. | Chien, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Four normal women and two heterozygous β -thalassemic women were examined throughout one or more menstrual cycles for variations in several rheological parameters and red cell metabolism during the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases. Cyclic variations were found in the physical and chemical properties of the red cells (including mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, intracellular contents of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate, and erythrocyte deformability). These physiological changes during the menstrual cycle are exaggerated in heterozygous B-thalassemic women.

Keywords: Blood Rheology, Heterozygous Thalassemia, Menstrual Cycle, Red Cell Aggregation, Red Cell Deformability, Red Cell Metabolism

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8521

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 751-762, 1988

Authors: Koltringer, P. | Eber, O. | Lind, P. | Klima, G. | Ribitsch, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In a series 43 patients suffering from cerebral or peripheral diseases were investigated over a period of 3 days after a single hypervolemic hemodilution with 500ml low molecular weight dextran (Rheomacrodex® ) applied within 3 hours. Changes in hematocrit, visco-elasticity of whole blood and plasma viscosity were studied. 18 to 36 hours after onset of infusion a significant increase in plasma viscosity (p ⩽ 0.001 ) and elasticity (p ⩽ 0.01 ) could be observed. Furthermore, there was a tendency towards higher hematocrit and whole blood viscosity levels. However, after 60 hours a second lower …numerical peak for hematocrit and viscosity of whole blood could be seen, which was yet above starting values. Show more

Keywords: Hemodilution, dextran, viscoelasticity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8522

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 763-771, 1988

Authors: Vaya, A. | Aznar, J. | Villa, P. | Valles, J. | Santos, M.T. | Martinez-Sales, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The present study evaluates the whole blood filterability index (WB-FI) and the washed red blood cell filterability index (WRBC-FI) in 21 chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (CCVI) patients and in 36 control subjects. Althoug no significant differences were found in the mean values of the two groups, approximately 30% of the patients had a decreased WB-FI. Of the 7 CCVI patients who showed reduced WB-FI, this decrease could be attributed to erythrocyte deficiency in only two of the cases. Of the 21 CCVI patients, pentoxifylline (POX) was administered to 9, dipyridamole (DIP) to 6 and POX+DIP to another 6. The changes …in WB-FI were evaluated 7, 15 and 45 days after treatment was begun. POX and DIP administered separately favoured WB-FI at 15 and 7 days respectively, but when administered together, WB-FI only increased slightly on the 45th day. Show more

Keywords: erythrocyte filterability, cerebrovascular insufficiency, pentoxifylline, dipyridamol

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8523

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 773-778, 1988

Authors: Stone, P.C.W. | Chalder, S.M. | Stuart, J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide) has been reported to have a beneficial rheological effect on sickle cells although its mode of action has remained unclear. When the Ca2+ -ionophore A23187 was used to induce loss of K+ and water from sickle cells from 20 patients, the consequential loss of erythrocyte filterability through pores of 5 µm diameter was partially corrected by piracetam at concentrations of 0.1-100 mmol/l (p < 0.002 - < 0.02). No beneficial effect of piracetam was found when sickle cells were dehydrated using the K+ ionophore valinomycin. Piracetam therefore prevents cation (K+ ) loss, via the Gardos …channel, from Ca2+ -loaded erythrocytes and may thereby inhibit the dehydration of sickle cells. Show more

Keywords: Rheology, Erythrocyte deformability, Sickle cell anemia

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8524

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 779-790, 1988

Authors: Ernst, E. | Schmidlechner, Ch. | Matrai, A. | Bergmann, H.

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: snoring, hemorheology, cardiovascular risk factors

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8525

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 791-792, 1988

Authors: Wegener, Thomas | Sandhagen, Bo

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Acetylcysteine, Immunoglobuline M, Macroglobulinaemia, Plasma viscosity, Waldenstrom’s disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8526

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 793-795, 1988

Authors: Norcliffe, D. | Brown, M.J.

Article Type: Short Communication

Keywords: Erythrocyte flexibility

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8527

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 797-800, 1988

Article Type: Announcement

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8528

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 801-804, 1988

Article Type: Correction

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8529

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 805-805, 1988

Authors: Ernst, E.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8530

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 807-814, 1988

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-8531

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 815-818, 1988