Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 4, issue 2-3

Authors: Usami, Shunichi | Reinhart, Walter | Danoff, Stuart | Chien, Shu

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Blood viscosity, Capillary viscometer

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-320

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 295-297, 1984

Authors: Martini, G. | Bobbi, S. | Marconi, G. | Morini, R. | Albanese, B. | Pasquini, G. | Manescalchi, P.G. | Bartoli, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The maleimide-analogue sulfhydryl spin label MAL-6 has been used to study the motional and structural behavior of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Erythrocyte ghosts from insulin-dependent diabetic patients with long-standing complications were mainly examined. The ratios of weakly- and strongly- immobilized -SH groups were valued from the ESR spectra. The results indicate a high degree of resistance of the erythrocyte membrane to rapid bending rather than an increased resistance to translational motion.

Keywords: Spin labels, MAL-6, Erythrocyte Membrane, Viscosity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-321

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 299-309, 1984

Authors: Matrai, A. | Ernst, E. | Flute, P.T. | Dormandy, J.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Decreased blood filterability has been found in intermittent claudicants, compared to age matched controls. An analysis of the initial filtration rate and of filter plugging showed: 1. Decreased filterability was caused essentially by filter clogging, rather than by change of initial filtration rate. 2. The remaining white cells in the suspension play a significant role in the plugging of the filter, however they cannot be held responsible for all the plugging observed. 3. Filtration tests measuring more than 0.1–0.2 ml suspension of 0.05 haematocrit are more sensitive to filter plugging than to red cell passage time. 4. …The measurement of red cell deformability (defined as transit time through a 5 µm pore) requires more sensitive methods than any of those used so far in clinical studies. 5. The white cell count in the buffy coat depleted blood was related to the plasma viscosity but not to the white cell count in the original whole blood, suggesting significant differences in cell adherence which might be an important factor 1n blood filterability. Decreased filterability was caused essentially by filter clogging, rather than by change of initial filtration rate. The remaining white cells in the suspension play a significant role in the plugging of the filter, however they cannot be held responsible for all the plugging observed. Filtration tests measuring more than 0.1–0.2 ml suspension of 0.05 haematocrit are more sensitive to filter plugging than to red cell passage time. The measurement of red cell deformability (defined as transit time through a 5 µm pore) requires more sensitive methods than any of those used so far in clinical studies. The white cell count in the buffy coat depleted blood was related to the plasma viscosity but not to the white cell count in the original whole blood, suggesting significant differences in cell adherence which might be an important factor 1n blood filterability. Show more

Keywords: red cell filterability, red cell deformability, filter plugging, cell adherence

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-322

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 311-325, 1984

Authors: Gueguen, M. | Delamaire, D. | Durand, F. | Deugnier, Y. | Bourel, M. | Genetet, B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The haemorheological traits were studied in 129 alcoholic liver diseases, 19 alcoholic patients without liver damage, 20 liver diseases without alcoholism and 50 controls. The methods included: 1) blood filtration, allowing an assessment of red blood cell deformability, plasma and whole blood viscosities, scanning electron microscopy; 2) in alcoholic group: intraerythrocyte ATP level, RBC membrane lipids analysis (cholesterol (e) and phospholipids (PL) content), search for correlations between initial blood filtration and MCV, rheological risk factors, blood filtration obtained after a fortnight’s alcohol withdrawal. In alcoholics, blood filterability was significantly decreased compared with non alcoholic liver diseases and healthy subjects. Plasma …and whole blood viscosities were raised, whereas ATP level dropped; increased cholesterol content induced a rise in C/PL ratio. These disturbances were correlated with morphological abnormalities observed with scanning electron microscopy. They were not correlated either with the severity of the liver disease (whether cirrhotic or non cirrhotic or non existent) or with macrocytosis and risk factors. They improved when patients were weaned from alcohol. Therefore red cell deformability abnormalities in alcoholics, purpose of the discussion, seem to be significant markers of alcoholism. Show more

Keywords: Blood filterability, Plasma and blood viscosities, RBC ATP, Membrane lipids, Scanning electron microscopy, Alcoholism and liver disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-323

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 327-340, 1984

Authors: Ciuffetti, Giovanni | Parnetti, Lucilla | Senin, Umberto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The behaviour of haemorheological factors was studied by instrumental investigations in a group of 50 elderly subjects hospitalized for confusional states probably not secondary to an underlying organ pathology. Clinically, 19 were suffering from overall malnutrition, 30 from dehydration and one from frostbite. Substitute therapy given during hospitalization resulted in complete recovery in all patients. Although all haemorheological parameters had improved at the time of dischange, erythrocyte filtrability values never reached those of the normal control subjects. It is suggested that further studies should be carried out to establish whether there is a recognizable haemorheological pattern of aging in healthy …subjects, as well as to determine the effect that various nutrients and a state of dehydration exert on the haemorheological parameters. Show more

Keywords: Haemorheological factors, elderly subjects, acute mental confusion

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-324

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 341-361, 1984

Authors: Seaman, Geoffrey V.F. | Snyder, Robert S.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: A near-zero gravity environment offers the elimination of some of the problems of handling heterogeneous systems such as blood in which the components are of disparate density and sedimentation of cells and buoyant convection occurs. Some of the physicochemical characteristics of blood are described, the basic variables measured in hemorheological studies discussed and the main effects of gravity or its absence on colloidal dispersions reviewed in relation to the effects which might be expected on the properties of blood and its constituents.

Keywords: Hemorheology, erythrocyte, micro gravity, blood, viscosity, aggregation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-325

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 363-377, 1984

Authors: Benner, Klaus-U. | Nordt, Frank J.

Article Type: Abstract

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-42-326

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 379-380, 1984