Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 4, issue 1

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4115

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. I-III, 1984

Authors: Copley, Alfred L. | Witte, Siegfried

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4101

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-1, 1984

Authors: Strauer, B.E.

Article Type: Introduction

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4102

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3-3, 1984

Authors: Neuhof, H. | Lasch, H.G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: During intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis, intermediates and degradation products with potent effects on vascular tone and permeability are generated. They act predominantly in the pulmonary circulation and cause vasoconstriction and vascular leakage. Their effects are mediated partially by platelets and neutrophils and partially by direct stimulation of the pulmonary arachidonic acid metabolism, resulting in the generation of vasoactive prostanoids. Thus the activation of the coagulation system may result in changes of tissue perfusion even in the absence of fibrin clots and platelet aggregates.

Keywords: fibrinopeptides, fibrin monomers, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, arachidonic acid metabolites, pulmonary circulation, vascular effects

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4103

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5-13, 1984

Authors: Lowe, Gordon D.O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effects of the defibrinating enzymes, anorod and batroxobin, on blood coagulation and rheology are reviewed. Decrease in plasma viscosity lowers high-shear blood viscosity, while decrease in red cell aggregation reduces low-shear blood viscosity to a greater extent. Theoretically therefore these agents may be beneficial in low-flow states. Their effects on blood flow and on clinical events in the coronary, cerebral, retinal, renal and lower limb circulations are reviewed. There is some evidence that during acute defibrination microcirculatory flow is disturbed, and acute clinical deterioration has been observed. However chronic defibrination has been shown to improve blood flow and to …prevent thrombosis. Show more

Keywords: Systemic defibrination, snake venous enzymes, therapeutical implications

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4104

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 15-28, 1984

Authors: Bruhn, H.D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: After intravenous application of streptokinase or urokinase fibrinogenolysis takes place with the result of a reduction in blood and plasma viscosity and with a significant decline in the velocity of red cell aggregate formation and shear resistance of red cell aggregates. In addition, a drop on apparent blood viscosity at all shear rates is found. Preliminary data concerning the influence of heparin and coumarin therapy on blood rheology have to be reproduced by other laboratories.

Keywords: streptokinase, urokinase, fibrinogenolysis, blood viscosity, heparin, coumarin

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4105

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 29-34, 1984

Authors: Samtleben, Walter | Lysaght, Michael J. | Blumenstein, Matthias | Gurland, Hans J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Elevated levels of pathological (as in myelomas) as well as physiological (fibrinogen, lipoproteins) plasma protein concentrations can increase blood or plasma viscosities above the normal levels. This in turn leads to a decrease in tissue perfusion and in turn to typical neurological, cardiac, ocular, or peripheral-vascular sequela. Therapeutic plasmapheresis can very easily and effectively reduce the excessive protein concentrations and thus reverse the course of hyper viscosity. The treatment is thus indicated in such syndromes as Waldenström’s disease, multiple myeloma, and hyperlipidemia. However, plasmapheresis does not influence the underlying disease process. Therefore, the extracorporeal removal of proteins must be combined …with appropriate pharmacological therapy, especially to avoid an overshoot stimulation of protein synthesis. - The possible future relevance of cascade filtration and immunoadsorption to plasma exchange is discussed. Show more

Keywords: Plasmapheresis, plasma exchange, hyper viscosity syndrome, blood rheology

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4106

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 35-43, 1984

Authors: Strauer, Bodo E. | Böhme, Heinz | Samtleben, Werner | Schulig, Sabine | Volger, Ernst

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Disorders in coronary microcirculation are mainly due to vascular diseases and to rheological abnormalities. In vascular diseases (hypertensive microangiopathy, systemic immune complex vasculitis etc.) resting coronary blood flow may be normal, whereas coronary reserve is markedly restricted. In rheological diseases (paraproteinemia, polyglobulia, hyperlipoproteinemia etc.) resting coronary blood flow is mostly decreased and the coronary reserve is also limited. By normalization of the vascular component of coronary resistance (immune complex vasculitis) considerable improvement in coronary hemodynamics may be achieved (steroids, immune suppressive agents etc.) By normalization of the rheological component of coronary resistance (paraproteinemia, polyglobulia etc.) improvement in coronary hemodynamics can …be achieved comparable with vascular diseases (blood letting, plasmapheresis etc.) Show more

Keywords: Coronary microcirculation, vascular diseases, rheological disorders

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4107

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 45-66, 1984

Authors: Lanser, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The most common pulmonary diseases are chronic bronchitis, lung fibrosis and emphysema. These diseases comprise those conditions which are accompanied by flow-limitation of the airways and loss of elastic recoil of the lung parenchyma. The altered function causes characteristic changes of the lung vasculature and the pulmonary hemodynamics. The pathological result of all mechanisms involved are hypoxemia. The hemorheological situation depends on the chronic oxygen deficiency and their consequences to red cell and thrombocyte function. Based on datas of some preliminary studies in patients with longlasting hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease there will be given a critical review over …the literature. Show more

Keywords: Chronic pulmonary disease, hypoxia, platelets, clotting factors, fibronectin, granulocyte function

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4108

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 67-74, 1984

Authors: Rieger, H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: 1. Effects of clinical interest could clearly be demonstrated both by hypofibrinogenization and hemodilution. 2. The clinical efficacy of hypofibrinogenization could not been established by clinical trials. 3. At the present time there are no studies on hemodilution available. 4. The simultaneous application of hypofibrinating enzymes and hemodilution seems to be clinical efficient. 5. The true mode of in-vivo action as well as the clinical importance of the so called “hemorheological active drugs” is questionable and unknown respectively. Effects of clinical interest could clearly be demonstrated both by hypofibrinogenization and hemodilution. …The clinical efficacy of hypofibrinogenization could not been established by clinical trials. At the present time there are no studies on hemodilution available. The simultaneous application of hypofibrinating enzymes and hemodilution seems to be clinical efficient. The true mode of in-vivo action as well as the clinical importance of the so called “hemorheological active drugs” is questionable and unknown respectively. Show more

Keywords: dynamic hematocrit, vasomotoric factors, hypofibrinogenization, hemodilution

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1984-4109

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 75-83, 1984