Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 11, issue 5

Authors: Witte, Siegfried | Copley, Alfred L.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11501

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 259-259, 1991

Authors: Fukada, Eiichi

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11502

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 261-269, 1991

Authors: Copley, Alfred L.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Apparent viscosity, atherogenesis, atheroma, biorheology, blood flow, Copley-Scott Blair phenomenon, EEFL, endoendothelial fibrin(ogenin) lining, erythrocyte sedimentation, fibrin-coated capillaries, hematocrit, hemorheology, LDL, LDL desorption, low density lipoprotein, mathematical interpretation, negatively charged tube, Oka's electrostatic theory, red blood cells, shear stress, vascular permeability, vessel-blood organ

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11503

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 271-279, 1991

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11504

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 279-280, 1991

Authors: Swank, Roy L. | Vaden, Ingeborg A. | Leckband, Anthony J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The red cell electrophoretic mobility test by Field and Joyce was used as an adjunct in the diagnosis of 820 clinically acceptable cases of multiple sclerosis. In 90% of the cases the mobility of the red cells was consistent with MS (87% in early and 93% in later cases). In 5% of 109 normal subjects the mobility was consistent with MS. In 4 of 8 cases of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, in 1 of 7 cerebral infarctions, and in 1 irradiated tumor of 3 brain tumors, the mobility was consistent with MS. The related sensitivity of MRI and red cell electrophoretic …mobility to MS was compared. The relative sensitivity of the MRI and Mobility tests for MS was compared. Show more

Keywords: Electrophoretic mobility, Multiple sclerosis, Disseminated sclerosis, Red cell mobility tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11505

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 281-293, 1991

Authors: Dreisbach, Albert W. | Madan, Micheal | Batuman, Vecihi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We observed significant cell swelling in the Ringer's and tris based suspension media which can interfere with filtration studies of red cell deformability. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in Ringer's solution increased from 95.6±2.5 fl to 109.2±2.5 fl (N=5,P<0.001) and from 95.4 fl±3.4 fl to 109.9±2.5 fl (N=5,P<0.005) in tris-saline within 2 hours of preparation of the cell suspension. These alterations in cell volume were sufficient to cause significant increases in filtration time when using 3.0 um polycarbonate filters. At 30 mm Hg pressure gradient, Ringer's suspensions showed a three-fold increase in filtration time from 11.48±1.6 sec to 32.71±6.8 sec (N=5,P<0.002), …and in tris-saline, there was a six-fold increase in filtration time from 11.22±0.58 sec to 72.0±14.0 sec (N=5,P<0.001). At 45 mm Hg, in Ringer's suspensions, filtration time increased from 9.03±1.40 sec to 19.48±1.31 sec (N=5,P<0.001). These increases occured independent of hemolysis. Spontaneous cell swelling was prevented by using suspensions prepared with magnesium chloride and phosphate buffered saline. These experiments reveal that spurious changes in cell volume occur during filtration experiments using Ringer's and tris based suspension media and can confound the interpretation of deformability studies. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocytes, deformability, cell volume, filtrability

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11506

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 295-302, 1991

Authors: Ernst, E. | Altmann, Ch. | Saradeth, T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim was to define hemorheological changes (and their kinetics) in a non-exercising group of subjects after exposure to moderately high altitude of 2700m. 12 men were transported to this height without marked physical exercise and remained there for 6 days. During this time there was a significant increase in blood and plasma viscosity as well as fibrinogen. Hematocrit, blood cell counts and ESR did not change significantly. All alterations were reversible upon return to normal height. These findings suggest that a viscidation of blood occurs as a result of exposure even to moderate height.

Keywords: hemorheology, hematology, mountain sickness

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11507

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 303-307, 1991

Authors: Nash, G.B. | Loosemore, T. | Thomas, P.R.S. | Dormandy, J.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Changes in the circulatory behaviour of white cells may contribute to the progression of tissue ischaemia. To investigate whether the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline might result from an inhibition of white cell activation and rheological changes, we measured the filterability of cell suspensions derived from patients with critical leg ischaemia, before and after infusion of 600mg of this agent. Activation was also assessed, using morphological criteria and by measuring plasma levels of granulocyte elastase. It was found that the flow rate of mononuclear cells through 8 μm pore filters was increased after treatment, but no significant changes were found for …granulocytes or unfractionated white cells. Nor were there any changes in the number of cells judged to be active or in plasma elastase. However, it was noticeable that those patients with worse granulocyte flow or higher levels of activation did tend to show improvement after treatment. Thus there is some evidence of an in vivo affect of pentoxifylline on white cell behaviour, possibly made evident in this study by its ability to reduce the cell response to the process of sample preparation. Show more

Keywords: White Blood Cells, Rheology, Trental

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11508

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 309-315, 1991

Authors: Persson, Sylvi U. | Larsson, Hans

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood cell deformability, most often measured as filterability through a polycarbonate filter, is a major determinant of the rheological properties of whole blood. In this study the influence of the suspension medium on the filterability of red cells was studied. We found a considerable variation in filterability between suspensions of red cells in media of different kinds. Thus the cells were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, alone, in PBS with glucose 0.9 g/l, in PBS with bovine serum albumin (BSA) 2.5, 5.0 and 50 g/l, in PBS with BSA 50 g/l, fibrinogen 0.02 g/l and cholesterol 0.025 …g/l, PBS with human plasma 19:1 (i.e. 1 ml plasma added to 19 ml of PBS) and in plasma alone. Photographs of cells in different suspension media were taken in the microscope. The filterability of red cells in PBS was greatly increased by addition of BSA and also the reproducibility was increased, especially at low concentrations of BSA. Red cells suspended in PBS alone, gave visually grossly distorted appearance rut the addition of BSA or human plasma, normalized the morphology of the cells. With human plasma, however, difficulties in reproducing the results were found. It is concluded that the choice of buffer medium is a critical point in blood cell filtration studies. The present study indicates that phosphate buffered saline with low concentration of bovine serum albumin might be a suitable choice. Show more

Keywords: Blood rheology, blood viscosity, blood cell filtration, red cell deformability, phosphate buffered saline, buffer

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11509

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 317-324, 1991

Authors: Wachter, Chad J. | Frattini, Paul L. | Hung, T.-C. | Kormos, Robert L. | Griffith, Bartley P. | Borovetz, Harvey S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Hemorheologic studies using clinical filtration pressure techniques have suggested that changes in erythrocyte (RBC) deformability occur during left ventricular assist system (LVAS) support. In order to assess whether changes suggested by clinical filtration pressure were associated with alterations in the actual material properties of the membrane complex, micropipette aspiration experiments were performed during NOVACOR LVAS support ranging between 28 and 126 days in four patients. The micropipette aspiration method provides a direct measurement of the surface shear elastic modulus μ of the RBC membrane complex. The modulus consistently fell within the range reported for normals, and no apparent trend with …time was evident. In one instance, however, an abnormal spike in μ, which paralleled clinical filtration data, coincided with symptoms of a transient neurologic event. For the LVAS patients studied, clinical abnormalities in hemorheology as indicated by filtration were not attributed to changes in μ. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte Deformability, Cardiac Assist Devices

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1991-11510

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 325-337, 1991