Biorheology - Volume 23, issue 6

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23621

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. I-III, 1986

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23601

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. ii-ii, 1986

Authors: Copley, Alfred L.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23602

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 553-555, 1986

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23603

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 557-558, 1986

Authors: Brooks, Donald Elliott

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23604

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 559-561, 1986

Authors: Goldsmith, Harry L.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23605

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 563-564, 1986

Authors: Brooks, Donald Elliott

Article Type: Introduction

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23606

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 565-566, 1986

Authors: Goldsmith, H.L.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23607

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 567-569, 1986

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23608

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 571-571, 1986

Authors: Fung, Yuan-Cheng B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A trend of engineering approach to physiology is to predict physiological events with mathematical accuracy. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to know the structure of the organs and the mechanical properties of their components; i.e., the anatomy, histology, and rheology of the system. Then one must perform the analysis rationally, avoiding ad hoc assumptions as far as possible. To illustrate this aspiration, procedure, labor, and rewards, the case of pulmonary circulation is discussed. For cat lung, anatomical and rheological data were collected; biorheological analysis was done, and physiological experiments were compared with theoretical predictions. Satisfactory results …were obtained. The case of flow under zone 2 condition, when “waterfall phenomenon” prevails, is especially interesting. We proved theoretically that any partial collapse of an interalveolar septum is unstable. Hence if a collapse is initiated in an interalveolar septum, the whole septum will be collapsed. From this theoretical result, the pressure-flow relationship is predicted and is shown to agree well with the experiment. New trends toward cell biology and molecular approach are evident in this meeting. Some anticipated trends are, however, still slow in coming. Show more

Keywords: Poiseuille equation, fifth power law, pulmonary circulation, waterfall phenomenon

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23609

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 573-587, 1986

Authors: Edwards, Sam F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Network theory has evolved from the simplest rubber materials and is just entering the biological area. The existing theories are studied and the modifications required for biological applications are reviewed. The issues involved are: the balance between entropy and internal energy, the rigidity and flexibility of molecules, the stability of the networks, the origin of the intermolecular forces and the entanglement problems of swelling and precipitation.

Keywords: Networks, polymers, gels, chain entanglements, slip links, cross-links, flexibility, stress relaxation

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23610

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 589-603, 1986

Authors: Canny, M.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper provides a general over-view to introduce the subsequent papers on particular topics of plant transport. A revised statement is given of the transport processes reviewed in Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 9 , 275 (1977), outlining the tissue and cell structures of the plant body which carry out the long distance movements of water, mineral nutrients, and organic material. Some of the questions posed in that review are now better understood, e.g. the breaking of xylem water columns under tension, the loading of sugars into phloem in leaves, and the dissemination of water in leaf veins. Intractable questions remain …to which there are no agreed answers, especially the organisation within phloem sieve tubes and the relative roles of the apoplast and symplast in the uptake of water and mineral ions by roots. New techniques are available for tracing water-soluble substances at high resolution in microscopic preparations which may lead to the resolving of some of these questions. Show more

Keywords: apoplast, sieve tubes, symplast, translocation, transpiration, vessels

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23611

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 605-612, 1986

Authors: Born, G.V.R.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Carotid artery, haemodynamics, atheromatous lesions, platelets, ulceration, mural thrombi, haemorrhage

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23612

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 613-620, 1986

Authors: Stossel, Thomas P.

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Cytoskeleton, actin filaments, F-actin, gelation, filament crosslinks

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23613

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 621-631, 1986

Authors: Chien, Shu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood rheology was studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and essential hypertension (EH), and the results were correlated with in vivo hemodynamic functions. Blood viscosity (η B ) was elevated as a result of sequential changes of a number of parameters, including increases in hematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and α 2 -globulin, an enhancement of red cell aggregation and a reduction of red cell filterability in plasma. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was elevated upon admission, due to increases in both the vascular hindrance (Zs ) and η B . During recovery, the η B became normalized; alterations in …η B were accompanied by parallel changes in TPR and an inverse change in plasma volume (PV). In EH patients, the increase in η B showed a correlation with arterial pressure. For both established and borderline hypertensives, the rheological changes were most prominent in the high renin subgroups. In mild EH, the elevation of η B was compensated by a decrease in Zs (vasodilation), keeping the TPR essentially normal. In EH with higher arterial pressure, the elevation of η B was accompanied by a normal Zs without compensatory vasodilation, and hence TPR rose to exacerbate the hypertension. These results suggest that the elevation of η B may be an early event in the development of EH and that its role must be considered with concurrent cardiovascular functions. In EH there is a significant correlation between left ventricular mass and η B . Experimental manipulations of the hematocrit level in spontaneously hypertensive rats led to a corresponding variation of arterial pressure. The available data implicate a significant role of η B in the pathophysiology of AMI and EH. Further interdisciplinary, longitudinal studies are needed tin order to unravel the complicated pathophysiological changes in myocardial infarction and hypertension. Show more

Keywords: Blood viscosity, Hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Plasma viscosity, Plasma volume, Renin, Resistance, Vascular hindrance

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23614

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 633-653, 1986

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23615

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 655-657, 1986

Authors: Brooks, Donald Elliott

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23616

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 659-660, 1986

Authors: Copley, Alfred L.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23617

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 661-661, 1986

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23618

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 663-664, 1986

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23619

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 665-665, 1986

Article Type: Announcement

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1986-23620

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 667-669, 1986