Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo‐cho, Kashihara, Nara 634‐8522, Japan | Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6‐11‐1 Omorinishi, Ota‐ku, Tokyo 143‐8541, Japan | Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara‐cho, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan
Abstract: In an attempt to reduce complications in cases of severe open fracture, we developed a bio‐artificial periosteum composed of osteogenic cells and collagen sponge. In the present study, we evaluated the osteogenic potential of the bio‐artificial periosteum in vivo and in vitro. After 4‐week incubation in vitro, the bio‐artificial periosteum had high alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin content. Moreover, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis revealed numerous crystal structures consisting of P and Ca on the surface of the bio‐artificial periosteum. Using a rat model for severe bone injury, we examined the bone formation process in defect sites covered with the bio‐artificial periosteum. New bone formation occurred in the central part of the bone defect as well as at the bone edge. We conclude that by using the bio‐artificial periosteum, the fracture site benefited from an improved osteogenic environment. These results indicate that a clinical trial to further evaluate this technique should be conducted.
