Vibration pattern recognition using a compressed histogram of oriented gradients for snoring source analysis

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Zhang, Yi^a | Zhao, Zhao^a | Xu, Hui-jie^b; | He, Chong^a | Peng, Hao^b | Gao, Zhan^b | Xu, Zhi-yong^a;

Affiliations: [a] School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China | [b] Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding authors: Zhi-yong Xu. Tel.: +86 25 84303119; E-mail: [email protected]; and Hui-jie Xu. Tel.: +86 10 85133304; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: BACKGROUND:Snoring source analysis is essential for an appropriate surgical decision for both simple snorers and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients. OBJECTIVE:As snoring sounds carry significant information about tissue vibrations within the upper airway, a new feature entitled compressed histogram of oriented gradients (CHOG) is proposed to recognize vibration patterns of the snoring source acoustically by compressing histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptors via the multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) algorithm. METHODS:Each vibration pattern corresponds to a sole or combinatorial vibration among the four upper airway soft tissues of soft palate, lateral pharyngeal wall, tongue base, and epiglottis. 1037 snoring events from noncontact sound recordings of 76 simple snorers or OSAHS patients during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) were evaluated. RESULTS:With a support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier, the proposed CHOG achieved a recognition accuracy of 89.8% for the seven observable vibration patterns of the snoring source categorized in our most recent work. CONCLUSION:The CHOG outperforms other single features widely used for acoustic analysis of sole vibration site.

Keywords: Snoring source analysis, vibration pattern recognition, compressed histogram of oriented gradients, multilinear principal component analysis

DOI: 10.3233/BME-201086

Journal: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 143-155, 2020