Effect of nicotine on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of the human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells

Issue title: Selected papers from the 6th China–France International Symposium “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine” and the first meeting of the France–China International CNRS Network (GDRI) CeSMeR, Nancy, 10–13 July 2016

Guest editors: J.-F. Stoltz, J. Magdalou and D. Bensoussan

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Yang, Xu^{a; b; *} | Qi, Yongjian^{b; *} | Avercenc-Leger, Léonore^a | Vincourt, Jean-Baptiste^a | Hupont, Sébastien^c | Huselstein, Céline^a | Wang, Hui^{d; e} | Chen, Liaobin^b | Magdalou, Jacques^{a; **}

Affiliations: [a] UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Faculté de Médecine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France | [b] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China | [c] Faculté de Médecine, Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique FR3209 CNRS, Campus Biologie Santé, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France | [d] Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China | [e] Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China

Correspondence: [**] Corresponding author: Jacques Magdalou, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 av. de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Tel.: +33 372 74 65 60 (office); Fax: +33 383 68 54 09; E-mail: [email protected].

Note: [*] Xu Yang and Yongjian Qi contributed equally to the article and they are common first authors.

Abstract: Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by a progressive and irreversible degeneration of articular cartilage. Among the environmental risk factors of OA, tobacco consumption features prominently, although, there is a great controversy regarding the role of tobacco smoking in OA development. Among the numerous chemicals present in cigarette smoke, nicotine is one of the most physiologically active molecules. Objective:The aim of the study was (i) to measure the impact of nicotine on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from the human Wharton’s jelly (hWJ-MSCs) into chondrocytes, (ii) to investigate whether the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was expressed in hWJ-MSCs and could play a role in the process. The project benefits from the availability of an umbilical cord bank from which hWJ-MSCs were originated. Methods:The hWJ-MSCs were cultured and used up to passage 5. The proliferation of hWJ-MSCs with 5 μM nicotine was measured by the MTT assay on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th day. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect cell apoptosis/necrosis by Annexin V/PI double-staining. The chondrogenic differentiation grade of hWJ-MSCs induced by TGFβ3 was assessed by the Sirius red and Alcian blue staining. The expression of markers genes was followed by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of nAChRs was followed by RT-PCR. The functional activity of α7 nAChR was evaluated by calcium (Ca2+) influx mediated by nicotine using the Fluo-4 NW Calcium assay. Results:The proliferation of hWJ-MSCs was significantly impaired by nicotine (5 μM) from the 3rd day of treatment, but nicotine did not significantly induce modifications on the viability of hWJ-MSCs. Alcian blue staining indicated that the amount of proteoglycan was more abundant in control group than in the nicotine group, but no difference was observed on the total collagen amount using Sirius red staining. The mRNA expression of Sox9, type II collagen (Col2a1), aggrecan in control group was higher than in the nicotine group. We found that hWJ-MSCs expressed α7 nAChR. The receptor agonist nicotine caused calcium (Ca2+) influx into hWJ-MSCs suggesting that the calcium ion channel α7 homopolymer could mediate this response. Conclusions:At the concentration used, nicotine had an adverse effect on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of hWJ-MSCs which was probably impaired through a α7 nAChR mediation.

Keywords: Nicotine, human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, chondrogenic differentiation, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, osteoarthritis

DOI: 10.3233/BME-171644

Journal: Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 28, no. s1, pp. S217-S228, 2017