Journal of High Speed Networks - Volume 19, issue 3

Authors: Formato, Giuseppina | Loia, Vincenzo | Paciello, Vincenzo | Vaccaro, Alfredo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Synchronized Wide-Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) involve the use of power system-wide measurements to avoid large disturbances and reduce the probability of catastrophic events. In these systems a large volume of raw data is collected by distributed sensors and sent to central servers for post processing activities. Many research works conjectured that this hierarchical monitoring paradigm could be not affordable in addressing the increasing network complexity and the massive data exchanging characterizing modern smart grids. Unaffordable complexity, hardware redundancy, network bandwidth and data storage resources are the main barriers imposed by technology and costs. Moreover, in WAMS the global …absolute time reference for sensors synchronization is typically obtained by satellite-based timing signals processing. Since these signals are extremely vulnerable to radiofrequency interference (i.e. cyber-attacks), effective countermeasures aimed at increasing the resilience of synchronized WAMS to external and internal interferences need to be designed. In trying and addressing these challenges, in this paper the role of decentralized consensus protocols for decentralized and synchronized wide area smart grids monitoring is analyzed. Show more

Keywords: Smart grids, self organizing sensor networks, distributed computing, consensus protocols, decentralized synchronization

DOI: 10.3233/JHS-130471

Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 165-179, 2013

Authors: Mikhaylov, Konstantin | Tervonen, Jouni

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recently, multiple novel applications have been developed using IEEE 802.15.4-based radio modules. In this paper, we focus on the maximum throughput that one can obtain with IEEE 802.15.4-based transceivers that operate in the license-free 2.4 GHz band using the 2450 direct-sequence spread spectrum physical layer. The results of the thorough maximum throughput analysis for single-hop and multi-hop data streaming scenarios in the beacon-enabled (with both contention access and contention-free periods) and nonbeacon-enabled networks are presented. The results of the analysis are compared with the results of the experiments, which were performed using contemporary IEEE 802.15.4 hardware transducers. Aside from defining …the maximum possible throughput for the different scenarios, the presented data disclose the effect of various parameters on communication throughput and latency. The presented results reveal the capabilities of the IEEE 802.15.4 technology and enable one to estimate the feasibility of using the technology for particular applications. Show more

Keywords: IEEE 802.15.4, 2450 DSSS, throughput, capacity, latency, beacon-enabled, CAP, CFP, analysis, evaluation, measurement

DOI: 10.3233/JHS-130472

Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 181-202, 2013

Authors: Lin, Jia-Chun | Leu, Fang-Yie | Chen, Ying-ping

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recently, MapReduce has been a popular distributed programming framework, which divides a job into map tasks and reduce tasks and executes these tasks in parallel over a large-scale MapReduce cluster to speed up job execution. Generally, the cluster is a master-slave infrastructure. To prevent jobs from being interrupted due to node failure, current MapReduce implementations, such as Hadoop, adopt a task-reexecution policy on the slave side, i.e., when a slave node due to failure cannot complete a task, this task will be reassigned to another available slave for reexecution. However, on the master side by default, no redundancy scheme is …provided. Since this type of infrastructure has been worldwide adopted, we call it the general MapReduce infrastructure (GMI). To achieve a more reliable and energy-efficient working environment, understanding the impact of GMI on its job completion reliability (JCR) and job energy consumption (JEC) is required. In this paper, we base on a Poisson distribution to analyze GMI's JCR from a single-job perspective. After that, we accordingly derive the corresponding JEC. Through the analytical results, MapReduce managers can comprehend how GMI behaves and how their MapReduce can be improved so as to achieve a more reliable and energy-efficient MapReduce environment. Show more

Keywords: MapReduce, master-slave infrastructure, job completion reliability, job energy consumption, single-job perspective, Poisson distribution

DOI: 10.3233/JHS-130473

Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 203-214, 2013

Authors: Imai, Satoshi | Leibnitz, Kenji | Murata, Masayuki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As various multimedia services are being provided on networks, broadband traffic is growing as well. Reducing traffic is important because power consumption in networks has been increasing year by year. Meanwhile, in-network caching for CCN (Content-Centric Networking) is expected to achieve an adaptive content delivery in the network and to reduce traffic by storing content data on each router. Therefore, in-network caching is beneficial in view of energy efficiency. However, in order to improve energy efficiency of the network, it is necessary to cache content appropriately in consideration of both power consumption of content caching and transmission of traffic. In …this paper, we propose a design method which derives the most energy efficient cache locations of content and a distributed cache mechanism for CCN to search for energy efficient cache locations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Energy efficiency, content dissemination, CCN, in-network caching, content-centric networking

DOI: 10.3233/JHS-130474

Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 215-235, 2013

Authors: Vizziello, Anna | Favalli, Lorenzo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nowadays, the energy consumption and efficiency of wireless networks have become a societal challenge. In this paper a novel system architecture is proposed to achieve green communications. The proposed smart social architecture exploits the flexibility and adaptability of cognitive radio (CR) technology to interact with the environment and achieve eco-sustainability by means of finding the best transmission opportunities. However, the effort required for CR nodes to obtain sensing measurements might make less effective the potential energy efficiency gain obtainable in CR networks. We thus propose to combine CR and social network technologies to maximize the energy efficiency and the associated …context awareness in terms of energy and radio knowledge. In this way it is also possible to reduce the sensing burden of CR devices. Through the proposed approach, a greater awareness of environmental impacts by CR paradigm can be instilled in participating users, devices and backbones. This is based on a novel extension of the concept of social network, and specifically by allowing socialization among all the network actors, both users (as it is already done today) and cognitive devices to develop a much lighter and more flexible distributed infrastructure. The functionalities of the network elements and their interfaces are described in detail. Show more

Keywords: Green wireless communication, cognitive radio, adaptive radio, energy efficiency, social network

DOI: 10.3233/JHS-130475

Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 237-250, 2013

Authors: Migliardi, Mauro | Merlo, Alessio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recent studies show that malicious traffic has a significant impact on the behavior of networks, thus early dropping of malicious packets could enhance network performance. Furthermore, recent developments in the field of green networking show that it is possible to modulate power consumption according to the traffic level. Intrusion Detection Systems burden the basic routing task with packets inspection; however, traffic reduction could have beneficial results both on network performance and, with next generation routing devices, in network energy consumption. In this paper, we focus on energy consumption and we present an approach to distribute packet inspection over the network …nodes, a model to evaluate the changes in network energy consumption according to early or late discovery and discard of rogue packets, and we adopt our technique and model to evaluate by means of simulation how aggressive distributed intrusion detection could be beneficial in terms of network energy savings. Show more

Keywords: Network security, green networking, distributed intrusion detection, simulation, evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/JHS-130476

Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 251-264, 2013