Impact of different severity hyperglycemia on erythrocyte rheological properties¹

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Mantskava, M.^{a; b; *} | Chkhitauri, L.^c | Shekiladze, E.^b | Tskhvediani, N.^b | Kalmakhelidze, S.^{a; b} | Momtselidze, N.^a | Prantl, L.^d | Jung, F.^e | Machaliński, B.^f | Wojciech, P.^f | Sanikidze, T.^{a; b}

Affiliations: [a] Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia | [b] Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia | [c] Ivane Javakhishvili State University, Tbilisi, Georgia | [d] University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany | [e] Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus Senftenberg, Germany | [f] Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Prof. M. Mantskava, Tbilisi State Medical University, Head of Department of Rheology and Diagnostic Analytical Services, 0160, Tbilisi, Gotua Str., 14, Georgia. Tel.: +995 0322370300 (#101); E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4632-3097.

Note: [1] This article was presented at the 3rd Joint Meeting of ESCHM-ISCH-ISB, Regensburg, Germany, 28–30 September 2023.

Abstract: BACKGROUND:The triad “insulin resistance, prediabetes, diabetes” is three independent neologies with characteristic features and development. In addition, each are characterized by progression and the possibility of transition from one form to other. Due to the fact that diabetes is one of the common diseases associated with high rates of disability, it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods and educational regimens for successful prevention and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE:We investigated Band 3 protein (B3p) level, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of blood serum, level of HbA1 in group patients with insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and comparative with health control group. METHODS:We used original, accurate research methods that measure the essence of the studied quantities. RESULTS:Disruptions of glucose and insulin homeostasis ay lead to the initiation of oxidative stress (in our study demonstrated by a decrease of TAA of blood serum) increased redox-sensitive PTP activity and aberrant band 3 phosphorylation, potentially leading to reduced erythrocyte deformability. At the same time glycation of Hb during T2DM may affect its cross-link with membrane proteins, in particular with B3p, and although appears to limit its cross-linking and decrease its clusterization ability, induces alterations in the cytoskeletal matrix, and thereby decrease erythrocytes’ osmotic resistance making them more susceptible to hemolysis. CONCLUSIONS:The osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes can be used as a sensitive marker for the detection of the early stages of hyperglycemia (prediabetes). This set of clinical trials will make it possible to identify diseases that make up the triad at an early stage. Early detection of disorders and continued research in this direction will help in the development of a diagnostic scheme for the prevention of such patients. Based on our data, research into anti-oxidation drugs is very important. With the help of the array of studies described in the article and antioxidant treatment, the likelihood of successful treatment will increase.

Keywords: Hyperglycemia, erythrocyte, band 3 protein, oxidative stress, osmotic resistance

DOI: 10.3233/CH-239104

Journal: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 271-281, 2024