Affiliations: Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75739 Paris, France | Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA | Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Note: [] Correspondence to: J.‐L. Wautier, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6 rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France. Tel: +33 1 44 49 30 36; Fax: +33 1 43 06 04 83; E‐mail: wautier@ ints.fr.
Note: [] Leukocyte Rheology Panel of the International Society of Clinical Hemorheology.
Abstract: The measurement of leukocyte rheology in vascular disease is a recent development with a wide range of new opportunities. The International Society of Clinical Hemorheology has asked an expert panel to propose guidelines for the investigation of leukocyte rheology in clinical situations. This article first discusses the mechanical, adhesive and related functional properties of leukocytes (especially neutrophils) which influence their circulation, and establishes the rationale for clinically‐related measurements of parameters which describe them. It is concluded that quantitation of leukocyte adhesion molecules, and of their endothelial receptors may assist understanding of leukocyte behaviour in vascular disease, along with measurements of flow resistance of leukocytes, free radical production, degranulation and gene expression. For instance, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1) is abnormally present on endothelial cells in atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and inflammatory conditions. Soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1) or VCAM can be found elevated in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or infections disease. In the second part of the article, possible technical approaches are presented and possible avenues for leukocyte rheological investigations are discussed.
