Work - Volume 75, issue 2

Authors: Jacobs, Karen

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-236005

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 365-366, 2023

Authors: Rumrill Jr., Phillip D. | Romeo, Judiann McCrone | Wickert, Kimberly | Sheppard-Jones, Kathleen | Park, Sara | Souders, Juliet

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With incidence and prevalence rates of asthma diagnoses steadily increasing in the United States and worldwide over the past 30 years, people with asthma are an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumer population. OBJECTIVE: This article describes the job acquisition and return to work considerations facing employees with asthma. METHODS: Following an overview of the etiology, incidence, prevalence, and career development implications of this chronic respiratory disease, the authors present career preparatory and return to work recommendations to meet the needs of Americans with asthma across the phases of the VR process. RESULTS: The …importance of access to quality healthcare, lifestyle, and environmental modifications to promote respiratory health, employer consultation, workplace accommodations and universal design, and interface with medical and mental health professionals is emphasized throughout the article. CONCLUSION: Asthma is an emerging disability that disproportionally affects people of color and people who live in poverty. Rehabilitation professionals must be prepared to meet the needs of this growing and diverse clientele as people with asthma seek assistance from the VR program in acquiring, maintaining, and advancing in meaningful, satisfying employment. Show more

Keywords: Vocational guidance, respiratory diseases, rehabilitation research

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-236015

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 367-374, 2023

Authors: Narin Aral, Selnur | Kecelioglu, Sule

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal problems are common in musicians. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has brought with it lockdowns and quarantine periods, and as a result, caused physical and psychological problems. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate musculoskeletal problems, attitudes and behaviors related to physical activity, and social media addiction in musicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 137 musicians (string, keyboard, wind, percussion instrument players, and vocalists) online. Musculoskeletal problems with Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), attitudes and behaviors related to physical activity with Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ), social media addiction with …Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) were evaluated. RESULTS: In CMDQ, it was found that upper back, lower back, and neck problems were more common in all musicians. There were no differences between instrument groups in terms of CBPAQ sub-dimensions, total CBPAQ, and total BSMAS (p  > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Considering the dramatic effects of COVID-19, it may be important not to ignore musicians’ musculoskeletal problems. It is recommended to design future studies investigating the effects of social media platforms on physical activity awareness by turning the opportunities of COVID-19 into advantages for challenges in musicians. Show more

Keywords: Awareness, lockdown, online, pain, quarantine

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220479

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 375-381, 2023

Authors: Rajesh, G. | Ramana, K. | Srinivasan, Vignesh | Kumaresan, A. | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Promotha, S. | Alagesan, Jagatheesan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Both the development of various countries and people’s health were impacted by the unforeseen global COVID-19 outbreak. Many countries prefer to do their daily business online. Although it was incredibly useful at the time, it still had a problem that was not properly addressed, especially among the student population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of upper extremity neural mobility among students who were using smart devices during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 458 students who had previously taken home-based online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and used a smart device …for more than six hours were included in this study. The study was conducted in three phases. After being examined in the first two stages of the study, a total of 72 people were chosen for the final phase. Peripheral nerve mobility tests were performed on these 72 subjects. RESULTS: This study observed that 15.72% of smart device users have been affected by forward neck posture and impaired peripheral nerve mobility in the cervical spine. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that forward neck posture is associated with impaired peripheral nerve mobility among smart device users who were in home-based online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Hence, we suggest an appropriate treatment strategy focusing on preventing the forward neck posture through timely analysis and self-care therapies. Show more

Keywords: NDI, cervical compression, smart device, ULTT, Kinovean software, forward head posture

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220286

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 383-389, 2023

Authors: Ubaldi, Francesca | Montanari, Enrico | Margarucci, Lory Marika | Caprara, Claudio | Gianfranceschi, Gianluca | Scaramucci, Elena | Piccolella, Antonio | Valeriani, Federica | Romano Spica, Vincenzo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Low levels of vitamin D are widespread in the world’s population and associated with sun exposure, genetics, and lifestyles. Office workers in different occupational sectors seem more vulnerable than others. Scientific evidence reports a contribution of vitamin D in resistance to infections, opening to supplementation as a preventive action against pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: A pilot campaign in the workplace during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was conducted based on the preliminary measurement of vitamin D amount and its integration. METHODS: A preventive action to contrast the deficiency of vitamin D was offered to a …population of 700 bank employees. Vitamin D supplementation was performed between April and June 2021, on workers (n  = 139) and showed 25(OH)D serum levels ≤ 30 ng/ml. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle information were collected by survey and changes in the serum 25(OH)D amounts were monitored. RESULTS: The adherence of the target population to the prevention campaign was 21%. 75% of the enrolled workers had low levels of vitamin D. After the intervention, serum vitamin D levels increased (1.28-fold;p  = 0.0001) and 80% of the subjects reported optimal values > 30 ng/ml. Only 2.9% reported slight flu-like symptoms, but only 0.7% was confirmed as COVID-19, with respect to a ten-fold higher incidence in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation can be achieved by simple and noninvasive approaches and can bring along further insights into health literacy on diet and lifestyles, representing an opportunity to protect the population by the widespread state of vitamin deficiency. Show more

Keywords: Diet, nutrition, supplementation, health promotion, public health, cholecalciferol

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220387

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 391-400, 2023

Authors: Sierpińska, Lidia Elżbieta | Ptasińska, Edyta

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses work in a shift system that determines the provision of round-the-clock care of a patient in hospital conditions; however, it entails health consequences. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was the evaluation of work conditions of nurses engaged in shift work in hospital wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study was conducted in 2020, and included 108 nurses working in a shift system in hospital wards. The research method was a diagnostic survey, using an author-constructed questionnaire. RESULTS: 88.9% nurses reported a negative effect of shift work on their physical health: …‘musculoskeletal pain’, ‘elevated arterial blood pressure’, and ‘hormonal disorders’ - 54.5% of respondents used pharmacological treatment. The causes of physical disorders were: ‘microclimate’, ‘physical effort’, ‘noise’, and ‘forced body position’. Shift work exerted a negative effect on psychological health of the majority of respondents (75.0%): ‘deconcentration’, ‘sleep disorders’, ‘feeling of occupational burnout’ - treatment in 38.9% of respondents. Psychological health disorders were caused by: ‘circadian rhythms disturbance by shift work’, ‘chronic stresses’, and ‘conflicts at work’. 69.7% of respondents reported that their shift work was disturbed by organizational factors, including: a ‘badly planned work schedule’, ‘enhanced pace of work due to staff shortage’, ‘ambiguous division of duties, rights, responsibilities’, ‘shortages of equipment at the workplace’. CONCLUSION: The examined nurses experienced a negative effect of shift work on their physical and psychological health which, for some of them, was the cause of pharmacological treatment. Many organizational factors hindered the work of nurses in a shift system in hospital wards. Show more

Keywords: Shift work of nurses, physical health, psychological health, occupational burnout, health consequences shift work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220275

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 401-412, 2023

Authors: Deepa, S. | Kumaresan, A. | Suganthirabab, Prathap | Srinivasan, Vignesh | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Krishnan Vasanthi, Rajkumar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The entire education industry switched from offline to online modes as a result of the coronavirus outbreak. Numerous teachers who were diagnosed with musculoskeletal, psychological, and other neurodegenerative diseases have reported increased exhaustion, lack of sleep, a decline in quality of life (QoL), a decrease in physical activity, and excessive stress from online classes during the COVID-19 lockdown, especially women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three-modal exercise on fatigue, sleep, QoL as well as to determine the relationship between age, disease severity, disease stage and working years with women diagnosed …with Parkinson’s disease (PD). METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 44 female educators in stages I–II with PD who were between the ages of 40 and 60 volunteered. For a total of 36 sessions over the course of six weeks, Group A received a three-modal fitness program through online video sessions, whereas Group B received Nordic walking. The outcome measures included the Fatigue Severity Scale, Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale, and Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire-39. RESULTS: Age, Hoehn and Yahr scale, working years, and PD in years did not correlate with each other (p  > 0.50). The three-modal exercise experimental Group A showed statistically significant improvement in QoL (p 0.001), sleep (p 0.001), and fatigue (p 0.001). CONCLUSION: Women in the field of education who participated in a three-modal exercise programme for PD reported a significant improvement in their level of exhaustion, sleep patterns, and quality of life. Show more

Keywords: Female, school teachers, exercise, Parkinson’s disease, insomnia

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220063

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 413-421, 2023

Authors: Nunes, Amélia Fernandes | Leitão, Mara Antunes | Nunes, António Santos | Monteiro, Pedro Lourenço

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many individuals experience visual symptoms associated with near work. The level of discomfort appears to increase with the amount of digital screen use. OBJECTIVE: To study the eye discomfort with near tasks in university students in the pre-COVID period and in the period of confinement due to the pandemic. METHODS: Two independent samples of students, aged between 18 and 35 years, were used to assess symptomatic behaviour with the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) questionnaire. In the pre-COVID period the sample had 342 participants, 64.6% females and in the COVID period 322 students participated, …71.4% females. The study of differences was carried out by the Mann-Whitney U test. The interpretation of the statistical inference was performed for a significance level≤0.05. RESULTS: There was an increase in the number of symptomatic cases in the COVID period without statistical evidence of differences in the frequency of symptoms reported in the two periods. The dimensions “somatic sensations” and “cognitive performance” were the typology of symptoms that most contributed to visual complaints with near vision. There was a significantly different symptomatic behaviour between genders in the period of confinement (p  = 0.001), worsening in females and improving in males. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that females and males exposed to digital environments, over time, may exhibit different symptomatic behaviour. Our results suggest that boys adapt more quickly than girls. Factors that predispose to these changes, aetiology and potential intervention actions still need further study. Show more

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, digital eye strain, asthenopia, quarantine, social isolation, visual fatigue

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220172

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 423-431, 2023

Authors: Hafsteinsdóttir, Álfheiður | Hardonk, Stefan C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with intellectual disabilities experience persistent marginalization in relation to work and employment. The concept of work inclusion provides a way of generating a more specific understanding of the meaning of employment participation. Work inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities focuses not on mere presence, but instead emphasizes relational aspects and potential for meaningful participation. OBJECTIVE: In this paper we report on an empirical study into the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities of employment participation in the Icelandic labor market. We considered their experiences in relation to four key components of work inclusion, placing emphasis on …how they perceived opportunities for inclusion related to social relations, belonging, valued contributions and trust. METHODS: This study used a qualitative research design. Data was collected with semi-structured interviews with 9 participants with intellectual disabilities who all had experience of being employed in the Icelandic labor market. RESULTS: Our findings show the role of the work environment in participants’ experiences of opportunities for having good relations at work, having a sense of belonging to the organization, being able to make a contribution to the goals of the organization, and receiving trust in one’s professional role and responsibility. When participants experienced opportunities in relation to these basic components of work inclusion, they felt more positively about their employment participation. Lack of opportunities was reported as a reason for segregation and withdrawal. CONCLUSION: This study shows the importance for work organizations and other actors in the labor market of paying attention to components of work inclusion and their relation with corporate culture. Show more

Keywords: Employment participation, work environment, qualitative study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211219

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 433-445, 2023

Authors: Sejdiu, Rrahim | Sylejmani, Blertë | Idrizi, Lulzim | Bajraktari, Agron | Sejdiu, Muharrem

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary school children spend quite a lot of time sitting in classrooms. For this reason, it is necessary to make a scientific analysis of children’s body dimensions and compare them with the furniture dimensions where they sit. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this paper is to present anthropometric data for pupils in primary schools in the Republic of Kosovo and give recommendations for school furniture design. METHODS: Measurements were made in the public schools of four different regions in the Republic of Kosovo. The study includes 720 children from 12 different elementary schools with first …and fifth graders (6–11 years old). Twelve body parts were measured: Stature, sitting height, shoulder height, lower leg length, hip breadth, elbow height, buttock-popliteal length, thigh clearance, eye height, shoulder breadth, and knee height. The descriptive data are calculated in terms of average, standard deviation, and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile. RESULTS: We recommend that the competent authorities in the Republic of Kosovo consider improving the infrastructure of primary schools in terms of furniture size according to the findings presented in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The information presented in this paper on pupils’ anthropometry and the proposed dimensions for school furniture can be used by various bodies in Kosovo including, but not limited to: Ministry of Education Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry of Kosovo and furniture manufacturing industries as basic information for suitable furniture design for primary school children, as well as school principals to help in furniture selection. Show more

Keywords: Furniture, children, discrepancy, school, anthropometric, measurements

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220023

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 447-459, 2023

Authors: Chimedza, Isaac | Uys, Kitty | Shaheed, Soeker

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Re-employment of spinal cord injury survivors (SCIS) has been positively related to better community integration. The identification of the determining factors and their impact on return to work (RTW) of SCIS would be helpful in improving the RTW rate. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the factors determining RTW and explore their impact on RTW. METHODS: An adapted Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire Self-Report questionnaire was used to elicit sociodemographic information and work-related characteristics of the participants. Sixty-eight participants with a premorbid worker status completed the questionnaires which were sent via mail, email and …hand delivery. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: At the time of the survey 70.6% of the participants were not re-employed. The inferential statistical analysis indicated that time since injury and re-employment, receiving medical attention due to complications, vocational intervention, supervisor’s support, family support and government support were significant factors of RTW. The results showed no significant differences in RTW by most of the sociodemographic factors. Only two percent of the participants indicated vocational planning and intentions. CONCLUSION: The significant impact of vocational and injury characteristics suggests that vocational rehabilitation services are urgently needed to support SCIS in returning to their worker role. Returning to work is a significant outcome of SCI rehabilitation. Show more

Keywords: Employment, spinal cord injury, work, Namibia

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205036

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 461-469, 2023

Authors: Yağar, Fedayi | Dökme Yağar, Sema

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Reducing the level of organizational silence can play an important role in the work-related decisions of nurses. However, to date a comprehensive study investigating the effect of organizational silence on work engagement, intention to leave, and job performance levels of nurses has yet to be conducted. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explain the effect of organizational silence on work engagement, intention to leave, and job performance of nurses. METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 224 nurses. The Organizational Silence Scale, the Job Performance Scale, the Intention to Leave Scale, and the Work Engagement …Scale were used to collect data in this study and the Pearson correlation test and regression tests were used in the data analysis. RESULTS: It was observed that organizational silence was negatively correlated with job performance (r  = –0.455) and work engagement (r  = –0.242), and positively correlated with intention to leave (r  = 0.440) (p  < 0.01). Regression analysis also illustrated that dimensions of organizational silence have a significant effect on job performance, intention to leave, and work engagement. CONCLUSION: A decrease in the organizational silence level of nurses is effective in decreasing intention to leave and increasing work engagement and job performance levels. Nurses should be able to express their opinions clearly towards other healthcare professionals and management and management should provide this working environment for nurses. To increase work engagement and job performance levels and decrease intention to leave, meetings and educational programs that reduce organizational silence might be developed at an organizational level by management. Show more

Keywords: Organizational silence, work engagement, intention to leave, job performance

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210192

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 471-478, 2023

Authors: Hennaert, Stien | Decuman, Saskia | Désiron, Huget | Braeckman, Lutgart | De Baets, Stijn | Van de Velde, Dominique

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A frame of reference is needed to increase the comparability of vocational rehabilitation assessment instruments and the interpretation of their results. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a relevant framework, and when linking rules are used, items from existing assessment instruments can be linked to the appropriate categories as described in the ICF. OBJECTIVE: To develop an adapted linking methodology in which experts are involved by means of the application of consensus methods and to transfer this result in a step-by-step set of guidelines, supporting researchers and professionals, linking complex instruments to the …ICF. METHODS: The main researcher developed the initial linking of the Integration von Menschen mit Behinderungen in die Arbeitswelt (IMBA) to the ICF by rigorously applying the refined ICF linking rules. To validate this linking, the Delphi and nominal group technique was integrated through different steps, and experts were involved in the process. The method section describes the linking process chronologically with focuses on the used approach, the involvement of experts, and the processing of the output. RESULTS: The results are presented in a 7-step set of guidelines describing the chronological process from the initial to the validated linking. These guidelines describe the core elements in the application of the linking rules and consensus methods in a manual for researchers who are interested in linking complex instruments to the ICF by involving experts. CONCLUSIONS: The Delphi and nominal group technique can be successfully integrated in the linking process, making it possible to involve experts in linking complex instruments to the ICF. A homogeneous composition of the expert panel in terms of knowledge, a heterogeneous composition in terms of setting, a rigorous and repeated application of the linking rules, and structured processing of the output are essential to achieve a valid linking. Show more

Keywords: Delphi technique, nominal group technique, linking rules, international classification of functioning, disability and health, return to work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210256

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 479-493, 2023

Authors: Petersen, Kirsten Schultz | Hedeager Momsen, Anne-Mette | Vinther-Nielsen, Claus

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This qualitative study followed participants enrolled in a return to work (RTW) intervention, aiming to address individual physical, psychological and work-related challenges. OBJECTIVE: To explore cancer survivors’ experiences of receiving a tailored RTW intervention initiated parallel with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. METHODS: Two semi-structured interviews of eight female cancer survivors in treatment for breast cancer (n  = 7) or ovaria cancer (n  = 1) were conducted prior or close to their RTW and 3–5 months later. Inspired by Margrit Schreier’s inductive analysis coding and identification of themes guided the analysis. RESULTS: Participants expressed satisfaction with the …RTW intervention, which helped them to cope during the RTW process. Three themes with corresponding subthemes dominated the participants’ experience of the RTW intervention. 1) Social workers made participants feel individually coached, 2) Collaboration with social workers helped over time to manage RTW, and 3) Social workers supported participants to conduct and adjust the RTW plan. CONCLUSION: This study shows how the interaction with social workers were based on mutual trust and sense of being cared for, which seems to have a positive impact on how participants managed their RTW. Future research needs to address the long-term challenges in cancer survivors' RTW. Show more

Keywords: Patient perspectives, occupational rehabilitation, cancer patients, qualitative study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210421

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 495-506, 2023

Authors: Carlan, Nicolette | Vi, Peter | Yung, Marcus | Du, Bronson | Bigelow, Philip L. | Wells, Richard P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently the plumbing trade has transitioned from traditional copper piping to flexible plastic piping (PEX) for residential water distribution systems. However, there has been very limited research into the ergonomic implications of the modernized processes. OBJECTIVE: This research documents the physical workload and risks of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with the use of new tools and processes for joining piping. The research also identifies the factors which can facilitate or limit the use of new ergonomically beneficial tools. METHODS: This mixed methods research included workplace observations, interviews, an experiment, a survey of plumbers in residential construction …and focus groups with both plumbers and plumbing contractors. RESULTS: Advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques for joining pipes showed that manual crimping has advantages (i.e., productivity and lower cost) that make it desirable for plumbing contractors. Power devices, which were not widely used, have great potential to reduce MSD risks especially if the size and weight of the tools decreases with newer technologies. A continuing barrier is the cost of power equipment. CONCLUSION: The move to provide ergonomically beneficial tools was not as rapid as the willingness to change piping materials. Productivity and costs of tools are barriers to ergonomic interventions. Show more

Keywords: New tools, construction, ergonomics, plumbing

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210454

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 507-520, 2023

Authors: Gevaert, Jessie | De Moortel, Deborah | Eiffe, Franz Ferdinand | Vanroelen, Christophe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual labour market theory raises questions about the relationship between non-standard employment and job quality. While scattered empirical evidence exists, there is a paucity of systematic evidence on the relationship between workers’ employment status and job quality. OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the relation between workers’ employment status (e.g., open-ended, long- and short-term fixed contracts, economically dependent and independent solo self-employment, and self-employment with employees) and important dimensions of job quality (JQ) (e.g., employment prospects, physical work environment, skills and discretion, and working times quality). Cross-national variation in that relation and causes of that variation (e.g., country-level unemployment …rate and labour market efficiency) were also investigated. METHODS: Hierarchical regression modelling was applied using a sample of 34,094 workers from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. RESULTS: The study highlighted a negative association between fixed-term contracts and JQ. For self-employed workers (except economically dependent self-employed workers) a generally positive association was observed. In this study, also positive associations were found between labour market efficiency at the country-level and some JQ indicators. National unemployment rates were negatively associated to most JQ indicators. CONCLUSION: Non-standard employment contracts exhibited poorer job quality than open-ended contracts. Stronger labour market organization centred around indicators of both flexibility and equity related to more beneficial job quality for all employment statuses, thereby promoting more labour market inclusivity. Show more

Keywords: Multilevel analyses, EWCS, EU28, labour market efficiency, unemployment rate

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210916

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 521-539, 2023

Authors: Mohamad, Nizar Bin Zainal | Koh, Nicklaus Zhi Ming | Yeo, Joanna Peck Tiang | Ng, Min Geng | Turpin, Merrill | Asano, Miho

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-stroke return-to-work (RTW) rates reported in Singapore ranged between 38% and 55%, indicating challenges in the RTW process among individuals with stroke. OBJECTIVE: We sought to understand the lived experience of returning to work among individuals with stroke in Singapore. METHODS: This was a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. We recruited individuals with stroke who were citizens or permanent residents of Singapore. We conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data on their lived experience of returning to work and analyzed the interview data inductively. RESULTS: Twenty-seven participants completed the interviews. Their median age …was 61 years (interquartile range = 54 – 64). They were mostly male (n  = 19, 70.4%) and married (n  = 21, 78%). Twenty participants (74%) returned to work after their stroke. Three major themes emerged from the interviews that underpinned the participants’ RTW experience. They were i) direct impact of stroke, ii) realignment of life priorities, and iii) engagement with support and resources. CONCLUSION: RTW after stroke is complex and influenced by personal and environmental factors. Our findings suggest that individuals with stroke need continuing support to overcome stigma and discrimination, to manage expectations of their recovery process, and to better navigate resources during their RTW process in Singapore. We recommend future studies to design and test the feasibility of appropriate interventions based on our proposed strategies to better support individuals with stroke to return to work. Show more

Keywords: Return-to-work, barriers, facilitators, people with disabilities

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211170

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 541-552, 2023

Authors: De Carvalho, Diana | Callaghan, Jack P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sitting can induce transient low back pain (LBP) in healthy individuals. A rest from sitting should provide relief, however, the parameters of breaks (activity type, intensity, duration, and timing) are not currently known. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2-minute walking breaks at 40-minute intervals on sitting-induced LBP. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy participants were recruited for a within-control study: two randomly presented sessions of sitting for 2 hours with and without breaks. Outcome measures were compared between condition and pain group using a three-way ANOVA with significance atp  > 0.05. …RESULTS: Walking breaks at 40-minute intervals result in significantly lower pain ratings than those taken immediately before the break for sitting-induced back pain developers. However, this relief is short lived (<10 minutes), with ratings increasing to pre-break levels once the sitting exposure resumes. There were no differences in biomechanical factors between sessions. Regardless of session type, pain developers displayed higher spine fidget frequency than non-pain developers, females sat with less spine flexion, with greater gluteal activation levels, and with their center of pressure approximately half a centimeter to the left and forward compared to males, and males had significantly greater peak pressures over a smaller area compared to females. CONCLUSION: Walking breaks at 40-minute intervals provide significant, but temporary, relief of sitting-induced back pain for pain developers. Future work should optimize break parameters and examine the longer-term benefit of breaks, especially for individuals that are not able to tolerate sitting for extended durations. Show more

Keywords: Low back pain, walking break, sitting biomechanics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211266

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 553-566, 2023

Authors: Lam, Hilary | Bergquist, Carter | Lee, Collette | McMullen, Jared

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As modern occupations become more sedentary, desk-bound workers are more at risk of chronic diseases. Active workstations have gained popularity in the workplace, but there remain concerns about their impact on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the use of a novel under-desk leg swing device on cognitive ability in the workplace compared to sitting. METHODS: Cognitive ability was measured using a pre-employment aptitude test (CCAT), and perceived outcomes were analyzed via self-report questionnaires. Using a randomized, repeated measures crossover design, 18 undergraduate students undertook the CCAT while using the under-desk leg swing device and …while sitting only (Experiment 1). 9 students returned two to three weeks later to repeat testing (Experiment 2). RESULTS: In Experiment 1, CCAT scores did not differ significantly between the under-desk leg swing device and sitting (mean difference (MD) = –1.056, standard error (SE) = 1.302,p  = 0.429, d = –0.16). Effect sizes of 0.554 were observed for perceived alertness, 0.446 for attention, 0.446 for focus, and 0.564 for enjoyment, but there were no significant differences between the two conditions. CCAT scores were significantly higher in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1 (MD = 8.444, SE = 2.410,p  = 0.008, d = 1.64). CONCLUSION: Based on Experiment 1, the findings suggest that the use of the under-desk leg swing device promotes movement without detriment to neither workflow nor cognitive ability relevant to employee aptitude compared to sitting. Show more

Keywords: Active workstation, office ergonomics, sedentary behavior

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211375

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 567-576, 2023

Authors: Howell, Kerri-Lee | Naidoo, Deshini | Govender, Pragashnie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Current available literature lacks a focus on the prevention and early intervention stages of the disability claims management process within the South African context. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify fundamental principles to be applied during the prevention and early intervention stages of the disability claims management process within South Africa. METHODS: A qualitative explorative design with a purposive sampling technique to identify stakeholders. Data were collected fromn  = 26 stakeholders using virtual semi-structured interviews. Inductive analysis was used to establish fundamental principles for promoting success in applying a prevention and early intervention approach. …RESULTS: Four fundamental principles were identified: stakeholder communication and education, stakeholder collaboration, support, and buy-in, early identification and early intervention. The literature, data and themes were used to inform development of a prevention and early intervention disability model as well as an employee health and productivity continuum. Analysis of the results showed that achieving and maintaining employee health and productivity is a complex goal. However, a prevention and early intervention approach is beneficial in decreasing the likelihood of ill-health progressing to short or long-term disability absence. CONCLUSION: This study has proposed a prevention and early intervention model for a disability that may be applied to the employee health and productivity continuum in an attempt to mitigate the risk of ill-health and disability occurring and if they do occur, to decrease the length of time that the symptoms impact an employee’s productivity at work. Show more

Keywords: Health continuum, insurance claim, ill-health and incapacity, presenteeism, wellness, prevention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211384

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 577-590, 2023

Authors: Rababah, Jehad A. | Al-Hammouri, Mohammed Munther | Ta’an, Wafa’a

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health literacy plays a key role in promoting overall health and preventing diseases among individuals and communities. However, the literature regarding health literacy among university employees is still evolving and not thoroughly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the association between health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status of university employees in Jordan. METHODS: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. A total of 163 university employees participated by completing a demographics questionnaire and the Health Literacy Questionnaire. The Health Literacy Questionnaire is considered a comprehensive tool to assess health literacy, …and it encompasses nine distinct scales. The body mass index was calculated by obtaining the participants’ height and weight. RESULTS: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that three factors had a statistically significant effect on the linear composite of the Health Literacy Questionnaire scales. These factors were the university employees’ age, highest level of education, and body mass index. Follow-up analyses revealed that university employees’ sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status affect different domains of health literacy. Compared to overweight employees, those with normal body mass index had higher mean average scores on six (out of nine) scales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the need for addressing the nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics as a source of disparity in university employees’ health literacy. Such factors should be addressed in designing tailored health promotion interventions for university employees. Show more

Keywords: Health literacy, university employees, health promotion, nutritional status

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211462

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 591-601, 2023

Authors: Gumasing, Ma. Janice J. | Prasetyo, Yogi Tri | Cardoso, Mateus Moreira | Freitas, Januário Sebastião | Nadlifatin, Reny | Chuenyindee, Thanatorn

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Traffic enforcers are vulnerable to work accidents, injuries, and illnesses because they are commonly exposed to ergonomic risk factors while performing their tasks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of environmental risk factors and postural risk factor to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among traffic enforcers in Manila City, Philippines using binary logistic regression analysis. METHODS: A total of 120 participants were included in the study. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were utilized. In addition, several devices such as a noise dosimeter, digital …air thermometer, and IAQ sensors were also utilized to measure the environmental exposure of enforcers during their work shift. RESULTS: The prevalence of MSDs among traffic enforcers was high, with 71% of the respondents reporting symptoms of MSDs in more than one part of the body for the past 7 days. The body part that has highest prevalence was upper back, followed by lower back, and legs/ankles. Logistic regression analysis revealed that awkward work posture (OR = 4.61, 95% CI = 2.17, 9.83), noise exposure (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.82), heat exposure (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.85, 1.05), and pollution exposure (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85, 1.05) were significant contributors for the prevalence of MSDs among traffic enforcers in Manila City. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MSDs among traffic enforcers is caused by their work posture and exposure to psychosocial factors such as noise, heat, and poor air quality. Thus, to minimize the risk of MSDs, it is suggested to provide administrative controls, such as job rotation or shifting, and introduce frequent rest breaks. It is also recommended to provide enforcers with appropriate personal protective equipment, such as cooling vests, noise-canceling earplugs and N95 facemasks. This would help in uplifting musculoskeletal health for traffic enforcers and other workers in a similar field. Show more

Keywords: Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, personal protective equipment, logistic regression, ergonomic risk factors, health, traffic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220011

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 603-614, 2023

Authors: ElRefaei, Manal Ahmed | Waly, Eman H. | Mattout, Sara Kamal | Ebraheem, Badr Hasan | Abdelfatah Ataia, Nehal Hamdey | El-Sokkary, Rehab Hosny

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiologists need to learn more about the management of their emotions and their impact on individual well-being as well as proper communication within the radiology realm. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between joining social events organized by the radiology department of Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital and the emotional intelligence of radiologists. METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 82 radiologists at the Radiology Department of Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. This was preceded by a pilot study among radiologists, and modification of the questionnaire items to be more precise. The …questionnaire consisted of three sections: it assessed sociodemographic, personnel, and workplace characteristics of the participants; social events’ related factors, and emotional intelligence of radiologists. RESULTS: 52.4% of radiologists had moderate emotional intelligence scores, and 24.4% had high emotional intelligence scores. High emotional intelligence scores were significantly associated and positively correlated with the increased participants’ years of work experience and frequency of attending social events, and the overall impression of the events. The radiologists’ overall impression of the social events was the only significant independent predictor of a high emotional intelligence score. CONCLUSION: The majority of the participants in this study had moderate to high emotional intelligence scores. The social events that were organized by the radiology department succeeded in crossing-over the gaps in communication and workflow knowledge that take place due to significant personnel turnover and should be considered for improving team preparedness and communication in similar workplaces. Show more

Keywords: Team, workplace, radiology department, relationship, communication

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220012

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 615-624, 2023

Authors: Do, Ji-Hye | Yoo, Eun-Young | Jung, Min-Ye | Park, Ji-Hyuk | Hong, Ickpyo | Lee, Seohyun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction is a highly useful factor in maintaining a successful work life for the disabled. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate how job satisfaction among workers with physical disabilities evolves over time, and to identify predictive factors that influence the trajectory of job satisfaction. METHODS: A longitudinal data analysis using the three-year databases of the 2016–2018 Employment Panel Survey for the Disabled (n  = 693). A latent growth curve model analysis was conducted to determine the trajectory of the job satisfaction among workers with physical disabilities, as well as the predictive factors affecting it. …RESULTS: Job satisfaction among workers with physical disabilities increased over time, and there were substantial individual differences in the trajectory of the job satisfaction. The significant predictors for the job satisfaction over the three years were degree of disability, computer usage ability, employment support services, and experience of discrimination. Gender, educational background, interpersonal relationship/organizational adaptability, convenience facilities for the disabled, job suitability, disability acceptability, and self-esteem had a considerable impact on the intercept of the job satisfaction, but not on the slope. CONCLUSION: The findings would inform healthcare providers to establish mid-to-long-term vocational rehabilitation intervention plans that could increase the job satisfaction among workers with physical disabilities. Show more

Keywords: Disabled person, longitudinal study, work satisfaction, attitude, quality of life

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220026

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 625-637, 2023

Authors: Gonzalez, Ariana V. | Eikenberry, Jacob | Griess, Cole | Jaegers, Lisa | Baum, Carolyn M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals released from prisons to community supervision often experience unstable housing, unemployment, substance misuse, mental ill-health, and lack of support systems contributing to high rates of recidivism. Occupational therapy practitioners have distinct value in promoting engagement in new habits and routines to support “occupation,” or development of daily living skills to support community reentry. OBJECTIVE: We developed an occupational therapy (OT) program within a Department of Corrections (DOC) Community Supervision Center in the Midwest United States. The purpose of this study was to determine feasibility and efficacy of an OT program for community reentry. METHODS: …The program was piloted with a sample of five justice-involved men who received OT interventions. Pre- and post-test assessments included a behavioral health interview, demographic survey, five Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) assessments, the Vulnerability Index-Service Prioritization Decision Assistance Tool (VI-SPDAT) and Activity Card Sort-Advancing Inclusive Assessment. Descriptive analyses were performed to determine goal attainment and compare pre- and post-test scores over time and to a reference population (PROMIS). Staff of the DOC were also interviewed to assess perceived feasibility and efficacy of this pilot. RESULTS: Significant health changes were reported in participant self-efficacy, managing emotions, anxiety, and sleep disturbances (1 > SD). Moderate changes were seen in reduced feelings of social isolation (0.5 > 1SD). CONCLUSION: It was feasible to implement an OT program with tailored reentry interventions based on unique needs of criminal justice involved individuals. Initial findings suggest OT offers health promotion benefits to reduce risk of recidivism and prepare individuals for community reentry following incarceration. Show more

Keywords: Community reintegration, criminal justice, life skills, offender intervention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220035

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 639-656, 2023

Authors: Mezian, Kamal | Hrehová, Laura

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physicians who suffer from poor sleep quality are at an increased risk of mistakes and poor decision-making. We deemed it noteworthy to assess sleep quality in practicing physiatrists, previously reported to be at higher risk of physician burnout, which was documented associated with sleep deprivation. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbance among practicing physiatrists and evaluate the association of sleep quality with their sleep hygiene habits and depression. METHODS: Of the 101 study participants (77 females) who met the inclusion criteria, the majority was between the age of 25 and …40 years (70.3%); 62 (61.4%) were specialists and 39 (38.6%) were in training. In this cross-sectional study, practicing physiatrists were invited to complete an anonymous and voluntary web-based survey. The survey consisted of questions covering demographic information, nicotine and caffeine consumption, exercise habits, and three questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). RESULTS: Sixty-five (64.4%) respondents showed poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and 23 (22.8%) showed at least mild symptoms of depression (BDI-II>13). The mean PSQI, SHI, BDI-II scores were 6.85±3.09, 18.18±5.35, and 8.36±7.52, respectively. Poor sleep quality was significantly positively correlated with symptoms of depression and sleep hygiene misbehavior. CONCLUSION: We found that 64.4% of practicing physiatrists suffered from poor sleep quality, and 22.8% showed at least mild symptoms of depression. Considerable efforts should be directed toward sleep hygiene behavior and mental health improvement. Show more

Keywords: Rehabilitation, sleep, burnout, depression, sleep hygiene

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220050

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 657-666, 2023

Authors: Ganie, Zakeera | Soeker, Mogammad Shaheed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is amongst the top three leading causes of mortality in South Africa and the world. The effects of cardiovascular disease can be seen in limitations of function within all spheres of life, including work function. Cardiac rehabilitation programs have been documented to improve functional abilities, however further research is required with regard to activity limitation, participation restrictions, facilitators, and barriers of return to work, after cardiac rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study aimed to determine and explore the barriers and enablers of return to work for individuals with cardiovascular disease who completed a cardiac rehabilitation program …in the Western Cape, South Africa. The qualitative exploration was part of a study that resulted in a return-to-work program for individuals with cardiac disease. METHODS: Qualitative methodology was employed for this study. Semi-structured interviews were used with 10 participants that attended a cardiac rehabilitation program. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was completed. RESULTS: The participants described the barriers and facilitators of their return-to-work process and the factors that were of critical importance in the resumption of the worker role or the result of unemployment. The four major themes were 1) Cardiac conditions negatively affect function, 2) Being unemployed, 3) Participation in ADLs and lifestyle modification enhances one ’s activity levels, and 4) Return to work . CONCLUSION: Lifestyle modification, vocational rehabilitation and reasonable accommodation were viewed as helpful in enabling a successful return to work after a cardiac incident. Show more

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, cardiac rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, return to work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220065

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 667-678, 2023

Authors: Akcoban, Sumeyye | Yava, Ayla | Koyuncu, Aynur | Tosun, Betul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a result of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, compliance with isolation measures has become challenging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the individual workload perception and compliance with isolation measures of nurses working in the emergency service and critical care unit during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: This descriptive correlational study was carried out in the emergency service and critical care unit of a public hospital between April 20 and May 20, 2021. A total of 153 nurses working in the emergency service and critical care unit who agreed to participate in the study were included in the …study. RESULTS: Nurses from a state hospital’s emergency department and critical care unit (n  = 153) were included in the study sample. The impression of overall individual workload by nurses and compliance with isolation (r  = 0.153; p  < 0.05) had a positive, weak, and significant relationship. The Isolation Measures Compliance Scale resulted in a mean score of 70.70±5.35. The mean score on the Individual Workload Scale for nurses was moderate (3.22±0.54). CONCLUSION: The low perception of individual workload of nurses working in the emergency service and critical care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic increased the compliance with isolation measures. Show more

Keywords: Emergency nurses, workload, isolation, critical care nurses, pandemic, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220118

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 679-688, 2023

Authors: Liddiard, Katrina J. | Raynor, Annette J. | DeJong, Helen | Brown, Cary A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: People with chronic pain may seek rehabilitation to reduce pain and restore productivity and valued roles. Theoretically, a biopsychosocial approach makes rehabilitation more meaningful, however, the limited research on meaningful rehabilitation predominantly describes the perspective of therapists and researchers. The client’s perspective of meaningfulness in rehabilitation is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the experience of meaningfulness in rehabilitation from the perspective of people with chronic pain. METHODS: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian adults who had chronic pain and recent experience of occupational therapy or physiotherapy. Sampling continued until thematic saturation occurred. Transcripts were coded …and analyzed using theory-driven and data-driven thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ten participants (four males; six females) were interviewed. Pain histories ranged from nine months to 20+ years, with conditions such as fibromyalgia or trauma. Three themes from a prior concept analysis were upheld, and a further three data-driven themes emerged. Results indicate that people with chronic pain seek a “genuine connection ”; from a therapist who is “credible ”; and can become a “guiding partner ”, and they find rehabilitation meaningful when it holds “personal value ”; is “self-defined ”; and relevant to their sense of “self-identity ”. CONCLUSIONS: The genuine connection and guiding partnership with a credible therapist, that is sought by people with chronic pain, may be at odds with aspects of contemporary rehabilitation. Client-defined meaningfulness is an important construct to engage clients in treatment and improve work and other occupational outcomes for people with chronic pain. Show more

Keywords: Partner, power, pain management, therapeutic alliance, client-centered therapy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220119

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 689-701, 2023

Authors: Fatima, Saman | Ul Abideen, Malik Zain | Siddiqui, Ammar A. | Khan, Faris Farooq Saeed | Gillani, Syed Wasif | Hussain, Muhammad Waqar | Alam, Mohammad Khursheed | Rathore, Hassaan Anwer

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Modern medical education has flourished with an emergent interest in a variety of assessment approaches that entails direct observation of performance and provision of feedback. Workplace-based assessment (WPBA) has been embraced into specialty training in the United Kingdom (UK) within National Health Service (NHS). In Pakistan, this educational framework is incorporated to gauge the clinical proficiency of trainees at the postgraduate and undergraduate levels. The present study was done to identify how WPBA is perceived by dental field postgraduate trainees in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: The study explored and ascertained trainees’ perceptions, attitudes, and preferences considering their experiences with …the systematic organization and execution of WPBA in dental educational settings. METHODS: This cross-sectional study design involved the clinical trainees of various cadres in a tertiary care hospital in Multan. A structured and validated questionnaire previously used for another analysis was administered among 90 trainees at the institute. The results were analyzed and tabulated using SPSS-21. Influential statistics (Pearson’s Chi-Square Test) was performed and the confidence interval was set at 95% (P ≤0.05). RESULTS: The response rate was 88%. Opinions were more positive compared to the former surveys. The majority of the respondents (65.8%) have shown a positive attitude towards WPBA and preferred it to be a valuable assessment system as it fosters reflective practices in educational settings. In addition, it was shown that WPBA has the potential to improve clinical training (72.2%) and aid in the effective implementation of clinical practice (68.4%). As the system of digital education has been introduced ever since the pandemic, the highest percentage of participants (56%) preferred a combination of on-paper and online assessment systems. CONCLUSION: The study reported that WPBA proposes the opportunity to associate teaching, learning, and assessment. The faculty training program is a significant input to upholding the quality of WPBA. Empirical research on WPBA is essential to be carried out to overcome the inadequacies thus endorsing its application universally. Show more

Keywords: Medical and dental education, attitude, perception, preference, trainees, workplace-based assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220132

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 703-710, 2023

Authors: Baba, Naoko | Tanimura, Atsuko | Ishi, Yoshikazu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among people with mental disabilities in Japan, 50.7% have left employment within a year despite the provision of employment support. Their subjective perceptions are likely relevant, as many causes for leaving employment are personal. However, thus far, employment continuity assessment has been based on objective indicators, while subjective evaluation remains underdeveloped. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a mixed-methods study to identify the subjective characteristics that impact the ability of persons with mental disabilities to continue working while receiving employment support. METHODS: In total, 41 participants with mental disabilities in continuous employment were included in the study, and …data were collected using a demographic and employment status questionnaire and the Worker’s Role Interview. Further, to clarify the constructs related to subjective perceptions of work continuity, the step for coding and theorization (SCAT) method was utilized. RESULTS: The results revealed five overarching superordinate concepts and 12 subordinate concepts of subjective perceptions regarding maintaining the current work and the future for participants who continue to work. These perceptions may be related to the participants’ experience and the time course of work continuity. Subjective perceptions of difficulty levels were found to be the most and the least difficult for a reasonable accommodation without specific rules and awareness of the effects of work concepts, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research could facilitate the development of an employment support system based on people with mental disabilities’ subjective needs, thus contributing to their continued employment. Show more

Keywords: Assessment, continued employment, employment support, mentally disabled, model of human occupation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220144

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 711-727, 2023

Authors: Tousignant-Laflamme, Yannick | Longtin, Christian | Coutu, Marie-France | Gaudreault, Nathaly | Kairy, Dahlia | Nastasia, Iuliana | Léonard, Guillaume

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition frequently leading to disability. Research suggests that self-management (SM) programs for chronic LBP should include strategies to promote sustainable return to work. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to 1) validate and prioritize the essential content elements of a SM program in light of the needs of workplace representatives, and 2) identify the main facilitators and barriers to be considered when developing and implementing a SM program delivered via information and communication technologies (ICT). METHODS: A sequential qualitative design was used. We recruited workplace representatives and potential future users …of SM programs (union representatives and employers) and collected data through focus groups and nominal group techniques to validate the relevance of the different elements included into 3 broad categories (Understand, Learn, Apply ), as well as to highlight potential barriers and facilitators. RESULTS: Eleven participants took part in this study. The content elements proposed in the scientific literature for SM programs were found to align with potential future users’ needs, with participants ranking the same elements as those proposed in the literature as the most important across all categories. Although some barriers were identified, workplace representatives believed that ICT offer an appropriate strategy for delivering individualized SM programs to injured workers who have returned to work. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the elements identified in the scientific literature as essential components of SM programs designed to ensure a sustainable return to work for people with LBP are in line with the needs of future users. Show more

Keywords: Workers, occupational health, information technologies, rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220202

Citation: Work, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 729-739, 2023