International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 66, issue 4

Authors: Maharani, Elliza Tri | Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah | Imaduddin, Fitrian | Wibowo, Wibowo | Utami, Dewi | Mazlan, Saiful Amri

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the mathematical modelling of the magnetorheological (MR) damper featuring annular radial gap on its valve. The experiment was conducted using a fatigue dynamic test machine under particular excitation frequency and amplitude to get force-velocity and force-displament characteristics. Meanwhile, the mathematical modelling was done using quasi-steady modelling approach. Simulation using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference (ANFIS) Algorithm (Gaussian and Generalized Bell) were also carried out to portray the damping force-displacement modelling that is used to compare with the experimental results. The experimental characteristics show that amplitudes excitation and current input affect the result damping force …value. The comparison of the experimental and mathematical results presented in this paper shows a significant difference in damping force value and that the quasi-steady modelling could not significantly approach the damping force-velocity results. Moreover, the semi-active damper is compared to the passive damper. The results show that a semi-active damper performs better than a passive damper because it only requires a little power. Based on the damping force-displacement modelling, it can be seen that Gaussian has a higher accuracy rather than Generalized Bell. Discussion on the energy dissipation and equivalent damping coefficient were also accomodated in this paper. Having completed in mathematical modelling and simulation, the damper would be ready for further work in-vehicle application that is development of control system. Show more

Keywords: MR damper, annular-radial MR valve, quasi-steady modelling, MR damper characteristics, energy dissipated, ANFIS Algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201560

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 543-560, 2021

Authors: Guo, Jiayi | Geng, Jianghai | Lü, Fangcheng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new core vibration calculation method of UHV shunt reactors is proposed to deal with the problem that vibration parameters of the core of an ultra-high voltage (UHV) shunt reactor cannot be measured on site. A series of tests have validated that the method can calculate the vibration parameters of a UHV shunt reactor core with different voltage ratios. The method is adopted to study the influence of nodal voltage fluctuations of the UHV AC tie line on the core vibration characteristics of a UHV shunt reactor under normal and abnormal operating conditions. The conclusion is drawn as follows: in …the three operating states assessed herein, no matter whether the power grid is in a normal state or not, the core of the UHV shunt reactor will not reach magnetic saturation, and the vibration parameters of the reactor always maintain a linear relationship with the operating voltage. The changes of power grid operation parameters are introduced to the research into reactor vibration, which is conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the actual operating state of a UHV shunt reactor. It can also provide help for the design and operation of UHV shunt reactors. Show more

Keywords: Shunt reactor, core vibration, voltage fluctuations, magnetic saturation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201564

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 561-580, 2021

Authors: Fan, Chen | Chongfeng, Zhang | Xiaolong, Yang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of short service life (2 months) and zero leakage of air cylinder in aerospace engineering, this paper innovatively designs a magnetic fluid sealing device of air cylinder in aerospace engineering through magnetic circuit analysis and magnetic fluid sealing theory. The magnetic field finite element method is used to calculate the magnetic field distribution in the sealing gap under different key parameters such as the number of pole teeth, the height of the radial sealing gap, the thickness of the permanent magnet, the slot width, the ratio of pole piece height to shaft. And numerical …analysis of the number of pole teeth, the radial sealing gap height, permanent magnet thickness, slot width, the ratio of pole piece height to shaft and other key parameters on the magnetic fluid sealing performance. Finally, the reliability of the reciprocating magnetic fluid sealing withstand voltage is verified by experimental methods. Research indicates. The pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid sealing is increasing with the increase of the number of pole teeth. The pressure capabilities of magnetic fluid sealing is decreasing with the increase of the radial sealing gap. The sealing withstand voltage increases first and then decreases with the increase of the thickness of the permanent magnet, and finally increases, and the value of the withstand voltage is the largest when the thickness of the permanent magnet is 7.8 mm. The sealing pressure capabilities increases as the slot width increases. The sealing withstand voltage increases first and then decreases as the ratio of pole piece height to shaft increases, and when the ratio of pole piece height to shaft is 0.8, the sealing withstand voltage reaches a maximum value. The pressure test finally reaches the pressure value of 6 MPa, which can meet the pressure value demand of medium pressure cylinder, indicating that the magnetic fluid sealing technology can effectively solve the leakage problem existing in the air cylinder technology of Aerospace Engineering, and improve the reliability and service life of the air cylinder. Show more

Keywords: Aerospace engineering, air cylinder, magnetic fluid sealing, numerical analysis, key parameters, experiment

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201572

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 581-597, 2021

Authors: Sun, Hui | Zhao, Zhangyan | Wang, Gongxian | Zhu, Chao | Yu, Binbin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The transfer energy of a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) coupling can be dynamically regulated by changing the MRF mechanical properties of its input and output shafts. In addition, the dynamic characteristics of its drive system can automatically be in the tune with its load characteristics to effectively suppress vibration and shock responses, to achieve overload protection of the system, and to improve its mechanical performance and safety reliability. However, the weak mechanical properties of MRF materials result in so small a coupling torque density that the MRF coupling applications for high-torque transfer is restricted. Thus, to increase the coupling torque density …is becoming an urgent key technological challenge in this field. A technique based on shear-pressure mixed mode was proposed here to increase the torque density by utilizing the formation mechanism of MRF arc flux linkage. Futhermore, a new high torque arc multi-disk MRF coupling structure was designed and its corresponding mechanical torque transfer model was established. A FEA electromagnetic simulation was performed to study the distribution of the magnetic field in the MRF chamber under different current excitations. Effects of the key parameters of the elliptical arc on its transfer torque were also investigated. Finally, experimental analysis of the mechanical properties of the elliptical disk MRF coupling was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique and the validity of the torque transfer model. Show more

Keywords: Magnetorheological fluid, multi-disk coupling, arc flux linkage, torque density

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201585

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 599-618, 2021

Authors: Yu Dong, Xu | Cong, Li | Qiong Ying, Lv | Xin Ming, Zhang | Guo Zhen, Mu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to study the effect of the trailing edge sweep angle of the centrifugal impeller on the aerodynamic performance of the centrifugal compressor, 6 groups of centrifugal impellers with different bending angles and 5 groups of different inclination angles were designed to achieve different impeller blade trailing edge angle. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate and analyze the flow field of centrifugal compressors with different blade shapes under design conditions. The research results show that for transonic micro centrifugal compressors, changing the blade trailing edge sweep angle can improve the compressor’s isentropic efficiency and pressure …ratio. The pressure ratio of the compressor shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the blade bending angle. When the blade bending angle is 45°, the pressure ratio of the centrifugal compressor reaches a maximum of 1.69, and the isentropic efficiency is 67.3%. But changing the inclination angle of the blade trailing edge has little effect on the isentropic efficiency and pressure ratio. The sweep angle of blade trailing edge is an effective method to improve its isentropic efficiency and pressure ratio. This analysis method provides a reference for the rational selection of the blade trailing edge angle, and provides a reference for the design of micro centrifugal compressors under high Reynolds numbers. Show more

Keywords: Centrifugal compressor, bending angle, inclination angle, pressure ratio, isentropic efficiency

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201590

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 619-633, 2021

Authors: Wu, Guanghua | Liu, Yawen | Zhang, Bo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) technique and the concept of effective dielectric constant are applied to symplectic multi-resolution time-domain (SMRTD) algorithm based on Daubechies scaling functions, resulting in a conformal SMRTD (C-SMRTD) method. Moreover, a novel implementation of perfect matched layer with auxiliary differential equation (ADE-PML) is presented for the SMRTD method. Numerical results of the radar cross section (RCS) of a dielectric sphere verify the effectiveness of the C-SMRTD method, which shows good agreement with the results derived by analytical methods. It is also shown that the accuracy of the C-SMRTD method has been significantly improved …compared with the MRTD method with step approximation, and the proposed method has an advantage over CFDTD at saving the CPU time and memory. Furthermore, a vault-top tunnel model is established with the proposed method, and the characteristic of the field cross-section distribution of the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) propagation in the tunnel model is also presented and discussed. Show more

Keywords: Conformal technique, symplectic multi-resolution time-domain, coarse meshes, RCS, PML

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201597

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 635-648, 2021

Authors: El-dabe, Nabil T. | Abou-zeid, Mohamed Y. | Mohamed, Mona A. | Maged, Mohamed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this work, we focused on the peristaltic unsteady flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid with heat transfer through a non-uniform vertical duct. The flow obeys Herschel Bulkley model through a non-Darcy porous medium under the effects of mixed convection and thermal diffusion. Moreover, the effects of thermal radiation, heat generation, Ohmic dissipation, chemical reaction and uniform external magnetic field are investigated. The derived equations that describe the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration are simplified under the assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number. These equations have been solved by using a numerical technique with the help of shooting method. …The obtained solutions are functions of the physical parameters entering the problem. The effects of these parameters and the obtained solutions are explained and discussed through a set of graphs. It is found that the increment in Prandtl number or Thermophoresis parameter reduces the spread of the nanoparticles (concentration increased) within the fluid along with the thermal diffusivity through the fluid layers. Also the non-Darcy effect supports the inertial forces, and in order to maintain Reynolds number, the viscous forces are motivated and the axial velocity is damped. Moreover, for the validation of the current methodology, this model is reduced to power law model (no yield stress) and compared with the work of Eldabe et al. [16 ]. Show more

Keywords: Peristaltic flow, Herschel Bulkley model, nanofluid, thermal diffusion, mixed convection, chemical reaction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201600

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 649-668, 2021

Authors: Zhang, Jin | Wang, Xin | Wang, Xuebin | Zheng, LingLing | Li, Ruipeng | Lu, Chao | Shi, Wenze

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the poor conversion efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) testing, the defect detection sensitivity is limited, which restricts the extensive industrial applications. A finite element model for the testing process of a meander-coil EMAT was established that considers the simplified excitation and detection circuits for the EMAT. Based on this model, the effect of the connection methods (parallel or series) of the coils in the generating and receiving EMATs on their generating and receiving efficiency was investigated, and the simulation results were validated experimentally. Subsequently, the pulse compression technique with a 13-bit Barker code …was used for the EMAT detection, and improvements of the SNR and range resolution were established through numerical simulation and experimental measurement. The results show that compared with the traditional EMAT design, which comprises single-layer transmitting and receiving coils, the conversion efficiency of the optimized EMAT with two excitation and receiving coils in the parallel connection can be improved by 52.8%. With the application of the Barker-coded pulse compression to detect the ultrasonic A-scan signal with no synchronous average, the SNR of the defect echo can be improved by 9.5 dB compared with the A-scan signal with 128 synchronous averages. Show more

Keywords: EMAT, surface wave, conversion efficiency, pulse compression, Barker code

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201609

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 669-691, 2021

Authors: Ouaf, Mahmoud Elhassan Mahmoud | Abou-zeid, Mohamed Yahya

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investogate the ectromagnetic and micropolar properties on biviscosity fluid flow with heat and mass transfer through a non-Darcy porous medium. Morever, The heat source, viscous dissipation, thermal diffusion and chemical reaction are taken into consideration. The system of non linear equations which govern the motion is transformed into ordinary differential equations by using a suitable similarity transformations. These equations are solved by making use of Rung–Kutta–Merson method in a shooting and matching technique. The numerical solutions of the velocity, microtation velocity, temperature and concentration are obtained as a functions of the physical parameters …of the problem. Moreover the effects of these parameters on these solutions are discussed numerically and depicted graphically. It is found that the microtation velocity increases or deceases as the electric parameter, Hartman parameter and the microrotation parameter increase. Morever, the temperature increases as Forschheimer number, Eckert number increase. Show more

Keywords: Micro-polar fluid, heat and mass transfer, electromagnetic flow, non-Darcy porous medium

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201623

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 693-703, 2021

Authors: Cao, Junhao | Sun, Xiaodong | Tian, Xiang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper focus on a state feedback controller (SFC)-based optimal control scheme for surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) with auto-tuning of controller built on seeker optimization algorithm (SOA). First, based on the nonlinear state-space model of SPMSM, voltage feedforward compensation is used to design a linear SFC. Then in order to guarantee the steady performance in speed and current, integral models considering the errors of rotor speed and current response in d -axis are added in the state space model of SPMSM. Furthermore, by statically decoupling the load torque in the state equation, feedforward compensation is implemented on the load …torque to improve the dynamic performance of the controller. The load torque is estimated by using disturbance observer with reasonable parameter selection. Then, with the consideration of the search capacity of seeker optimization algorithm (SOA), it is adopted to acquire matrix coefficient of the presented controller. Furthermore, in order to suppress the speed overshoot, a penalty term is introduced to the fitness index. The performance of the proposed method has been validated experimentally and compared with the conventional method under different conditions. Show more

Keywords: Surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM), feedforward compensation, state feedback control, disturbance observer, seeker optimization algorithm (SOA)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-201630

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 705-725, 2021