International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 63, issue S1

Authors: Xu, Lin | Wang, Engang | Karcher, Christian | Deng, Anyuan | Xu, Xiujie | Han, Zefeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new type of EMBr, named Vertical-Combine Electromagnetic Brake (VC-EMBr) was introduced to investigate its applicability and adaptability. The characteristics of electromagnetic field and flow field inside a 1500 mm × 70 mm funnel shape mold with Ruler-EMBr and VC-EMBr have been compared. The simulation results indicate that in the funnel shape mold of thin slab continuous casting, the static magnetic field generated by Ruler-EMBr can cover the entire wide faces of the funnel shape mold, which can produce a breaking effect directly on the discharging jet flow. The static magnetic field generated by VC-EMBr can control both the funnel shape mold …narrow faces and the impingement region of jet flow, which can effectively restrain the molten steel flow in the upper recirculation zone. Show more

Keywords: Vertical-combine electromagnetic brake (VC-EMBr), Ruler-EMBr, funnel shape mold, thin slab continuous casting, static magnetic field, jet flow and molten steel flow

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209106

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S85-S92, 2020

Authors: Goldsteins, Linards | Ziks, Anatolijs | Sennikovs, Juris | Liepins, Valts | Geidmanis, Dainis | Sondors, Pauls

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper aims to optimize niobium reactor electrical heating in deep vacuum conditions towards to original process of titanium production using vapour-phase reduction. The study aims to explore optimal electrical heating power of tungsten heater surrounded by molybdenum reflectors to reach temperature of niobium reactor up to 1200 [C] located in the vacuum chamber. Numerical modelling approach has been used to solve heat radiation problem using OpenFOAM solver coupled with Hemicube algorithm in a 3D, transient, parametric study varying electrical power and unknown emissivity coefficient of reflectors. The experiment in the same power range has been conducted obtaining temperature measurements …of 8 thermocouples across the system. The paper provides a comparison and analysis of temperature distribution in the system obtained by numerical and experimental studies, which allowed to calibrate unknown emissivity coefficient of reflectors. The study also revealed necessity of systems geometry modification to achieve desired temperature profile. Show more

Keywords: Electrical heating, high temperature, niobium reactor, vapour-phase reduction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209105

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S93-S100, 2020

Authors: Lucia, Sergio | Navarro, Denis | Sarnago, Hector | Lucia, Oscar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Modern induction heating systems involve usually many non-linear systems with different constraints, making difficult implementing classical controllers. In this context, model predictive control arises as a powerful technique able to provide high performance controllers with advanced functionalities. This paper will discuss the benefits of this control technique for induction heating systems and will provide an example of application for domestic systems. As a conclusion, MPC will help powering future induction heating systems with improved control capabilities and performance.

Keywords: Induction heating, model predictive control, optimization, power electronics, resonant power conversion

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209104

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S101-S108, 2020

Authors: Alpini, Flavio | Cesano, Mario | Ciscato, Dario | Dalle Nogare, Giacomo | Natale, Luigi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Temperature is a key parameter in the industrial forging process. Induction heating is a fast, efficient and easily controllable system to have a uniform and controlled thermal profile before forging. The possibility to have a finer control over the temperature management leads to the improvement in process, a better product quality level, and lower maintenance cost. In this paper, the pyrometer noise and unstable signal is filtered and corrected using a Kalman filter based on a numerical electro-thermal model to obtain a reliable signal for the process management.

Keywords: Industrial process control, Kalman filter, induction heating, induction forge, numerical model, Dyna Forge Zone

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209123

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S109-S114, 2020

Authors: Pérez-Tarragona, Mario | Sarnago, Héctor | Lucía, Óscar | Burdío, José M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Flexible cooking surfaces, eg. fully active surfaces, have gained lately an increasing importance in the domestic induction heating. Multi-inverter structures are a cost-efficient solution to develop this technology. However, they add control restrictions that can be solved with a power factor corrector (PFC) stage as proposed in this work. The proposed converter and modulation strategy work with zero voltage switching (ZVS), decreasing the switching losses, enabling a higher working frequency and, therefore, decreasing the magnetic devices size. The bus voltage is controllable and can be increased, easing the load power control and decreasing current through load and inverter and, …so, the power losses. Besides, the switching frequency is constant in the mains cycle and can be modified to synchronize the load inverter and the PFC stage avoiding intermodulation noise. A 3.6 kW prototype has been implemented fulfilling the EMC requirements. The experimental waveforms and efficiency have been measured to prove the feasibility of this proposal. Show more

Keywords: Power factor corrector, resonant power conversion, zero voltage switching, home appliances, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209114

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S115-S121, 2020

Authors: Crich, Simonetta Geninatti | Ruggiero, Maria Rosaria | Forzan, Michele | Sgarbossa, Paolo | Sieni, Elisabetta

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The chemical, geometric and thermal properties of nanofluid obtained dispersing the same type of nanoparticles in water, octane and buffer solution after inclusion in polylactic and glycolic acid (PLGA) were investigated by means of an experimental set-up in adiabatic conditions. The Mn-ferrite nanoparticle were obtained by thermal decomposition. The aim is to obtain some very thermally performant nanoparticles suitable to treat cancer by Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH). The heating properties of 1 ml suspension samples of the NPs were studied applying a time varying magnetic field of 27.1 kA/m at 245 kHz, a typical frequency for MFH, using a power generator and a …cylindrical inductor. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia, Polylactic and Glycolic acid (PLGA), Mn-ferrite nanoparticles

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209112

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S123-S129, 2020

Authors: Barglik, Jerzy | Ducki, Kazimierz | Kuc, Dariusz | Smagór, Adrian | Smalcerz, Albert

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper deals with the Consecutive Dual Frequency Induction Hardening of small gear wheels made of the special quality steel AISI 4340. Mathematical model of the process is elaborated. A special emphasis is put on a determination of hardness and microstructure calculated by the modified QT steel software. Exemplary computations are compared with measurements and reasonable accordance between them is achieved. An expected contour shape of the hardened zone is obtained. However for the analysed case the shape of the hardened zone is non-uniform. In order to achieve its uniform thickness along the working surface of tooth shorter heating times …and higher power delivered to inductor-gear wheel system should be applied. Show more

Keywords: Induction surface hardening, critical temperatures, hardness, tempered martensite

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209111

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S131-S140, 2020

Authors: Vaishnava, Prem P. | Goldstein, Robert C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many induction heating coils use soft magnetic composite materials (SMC) to improve induction heating system performance. In demanding induction heating applications, the core loss in the soft magnetic composite material is one of the critical factors in predicting the reliability of the induction coil using computer modelling. In this paper we have used calorimetry method for experimentally determining core losses in SMCs up to ≈1 T magnetic flux densities at a frequency near 150 kHz. This paper contains a discussion on the limitations of current methods for calculating core losses. To address these limitations, a new method for calculating core losses is …presented. The results of the core loss measurement did not fit well with traditional core loss models over the full range of magnetic flux densities. A discussion on the different models and a hypothesis for the source of the variation from the models is presented. Show more

Keywords: Soft magnetic composite (SMC), iron core losses, Steinmetz equation, Bertotti’s equation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209109

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S141-S148, 2020

Authors: Gil-Flores, Lorena | Salvador, María D. | Penaranda-Foix, Felipe L. | Fernández, Adolfo | Suarez, Marta | Rosa, Roberto | Veronesi, Paolo | Leonelli, Christina | Borrell, Amparo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Innovative non-conventional approaches, such as microwave sintering, are being developed as a method for sintering a variety of materials which shown advantages over conventional sintering procedures. This work involves an investigation of the microwave sintering of an ATZ composite with two different microwave applicators and frequency generators: 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Zirconia doped with ceria and toughened with alumina (10Ce-TZP/Al2 O3 ) is the composite used in this study. The samples were sintered by microwave in air at 1200 and 1300 °C with 10 min of dwell time at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz in order to evaluate their effects on sintering, using an optimized …experimental configuration. In addition, the mechanical properties of MW-sintered samples were compared with those obtained for the same composites sintered by the conventional method (1500 °C/120 min), such as relative density, hardness and fracture toughness. Show more

Keywords: Zirconia-alumina composites, ceria, microwave sintering, low temperature degradation, phase transformation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209108

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S149-S154, 2020