International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 63, issue S1

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Dughiero, Fabrizio | Forzan, Michele | Sieni, Elisabetta

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209100

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S1-S2, 2020

Authors: Khrenkov, Nikolay | Strupinskiy, Michail

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the paper, the dependence of the current characteristics of self-regulating heating cables on the environmental conditions is investigated. A method is proposed to determine the allowable length of a heating section depending on the environmental conditions and parameters of automatic circuit breaker used.

Keywords: Self-regulating cables, current characteristics, temperature

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209122

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S3-S12, 2020

Authors: Fröhlich, Alexander | Hofmann, Christian | Rochala, Patrick | Kimme, Jonas | Kroll, Martin | Kräusel, Verena

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Considering the demand for low temperature bonding processes in packaging of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as accelerometers or micro mirrors, in this paper a method for selective and energy-efficient heating of metallic intermediate bonding layers by applying high-frequency electromagnetic fields with frequencies in the range of 1. 0 < f < 2.0 MHz is presented. Therefore, the induction heating process was modeled and analyzed by means of numerical simulation. Additionally, heating experiments were carried out by using IR thermography in order to verify the simulation results. The developed inductor shape allows almost homogeneous heating of all metallic layers with heating …rates of more than ΔT ∕Δt = 150 K∕s. Show more

Keywords: Wafer bonding, MEMS packaging, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209121

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S13-S20, 2020

Authors: Cristofolini, Andrea | Popoli, Arturo | Neretti, Gabriele

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a multi-stage numerical methodology for the description of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge physics in air is discussed. The behavior of the heavy species is computed using drift-diffusion equations. Electrons are taken into account by solving a non-linear formulation of electrostatics. The physical effects of the steamer discharges are modelled by means of a simplified 0D approach. The model also includes a semi-implicit 0D model for the assessment of the elementary chemical processes occurring in air. The developed methodology is employed for the simulation of a volumetric Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor. The obtained species number density and surface …charge deposition rates and are shown and discussed. Show more

Keywords: DBD plasma, dielectric barrier discharge, plasma modelling, plasma processing, plasma actuators

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209120

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S21-S29, 2020

Authors: Steinberg, Thomas | Baake, Egbert | Kollenberg, Wolfgang | Schultz, Kai M. | Leonhardt, André | Kräusel, Verena | Walther, Thomas

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper deals with the numerical simulation and experimental investigation of magnetic flux concentrators (MFC) in particular with innovative additive manufactured MFC for induction heating applications. The novel type of magnetic flux concentrators presented in this paper is based on ferromagnetic particles embedded in ceramic matrix material guaranteeing high temperature mechanical stability and good magnetic performance. The additive manufacturing provides flexible, customized and complex geometry design of the MFC.

Keywords: Magnetic flux concentrator, generative manufacturing, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209119

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S31-S39, 2020

Authors: López-Alonso, Borja | Sarnago, Hector | Burdío, Jose Miguel | Lucía, Oscar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nowadays, several applications of electroporation have been adopted in cancer therapy with promising results that have boosted research interest. To develop new treatment options, the development of electroporation models and measurement method in order to study the real distribution of the electric field potential are needed. Nowadays, current trends in electroporation techniques suggest the use of more powerful pulse generators that enables the treatment of larger tissue volumes. However, new challenges arise regarding the modeling of the electroporation process in large tissue volumes as well as the potential thermal effects when large amounts of energy are used. The aim of …this paper is to propose a finite element analysis (FEA) based model using COMSOL of the irreversible electroporation process considering both electrical and thermal effects, and to validate it through in-vivo experimentation. Moreover, we propose a methodology for measuring the electrical potential in different points of a biological tissue during the application of a train of pulses to measure the distribution of the electric field inside the tissue. For this application, needle-based electrodes have been developed to achieve the least invasive measurement possible. These tools are aimed to improve the application of the electroporation treatment by reducing its side effects. Show more

Keywords: Electroporation, finite elements analysis, electric field potential measure

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209118

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S41-S50, 2020

Authors: Birjukovs, Mihails | Dzelme, Valters | Jakovics, Andris | Thomsen, Knud | Trtik, Pavel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents detailed results of neutron imaging of argon bubble flows in a rectangular liquid gallium vessel with and without the application of external horizontal magnetic field. The developed image processing algorithm is presented and its capability to extract physical information from images of low signal-to-noise ratio is demonstrated. Bubble parameters, velocity components, trajectories and relevant statistics were computed and analyzed. A simpler version of the code was applied to the output of computational fluid dynamics simulations that reproduced the experiment. This work serves to further validate the neutron radiography as a suitable method for monitoring gas bubble flow …in liquid metals, as well as to outline procedures that might help others to extract data from neutron radiography images with a low signal-to-noise ratio resulting from high frame rate acquisitions required to resolve rapid bubble motion. Show more

Keywords: High frame rate neutron imaging, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), two-phase flow, image processing, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209116

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S51-S57, 2020

Authors: Guillén, Pablo | Sarnago, H\'{e}ctor | Lucía, \'{O}scar | Burdío, Jos\'{e} M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Recent developments in domestic induction heating seek to increase the cooking surface flexibility while maintaining cost-effective implementations. In order to do so, the interconnection of classical topologies or the optimized design of new ones is being prospected. This approach usually leads to a higher complexity in the power control strategies. Thus, multiplexed load power control is used due to its versatility with the different topologies. Despite the advantages of this technique, power variations over the different pots generate a change in the forces between those and the inductors that might generate acoustic noise. This paper analyses multiplexed load power control …and its restrictions and presents a modulation strategy based on switching frequency and duty cycle variation that allows a soft-transient load activation and deactivation, reducing the generated acoustic noise. Show more

Keywords: Power control, acoustic noise, home appliances, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209115

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S59-S68, 2020

Authors: Geantă, Victor | Voiculescu, Ionelia | Kelemen, Hajnal | Manu, Doina | Molnár, Gabor | Kelemen, Gyorgy

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new generation of Mg-based metallic alloys appears to be particularly promising in the field of biocompatible materials. These alloys have a controlled biodegradability in biological or living fluids. In this paper, nine Mg–Ca–Zn alloys with different chemical compositions were produced and analysed. The production of magnesium alloys by conventional technologies invariably introduces impurities from the refractory lining, which is not permitted in medical systems to be implanted into the human body. During levitation melting, the metal is maintained inside the inductor at a certain distance from the coil, avoiding the contact with any other material, by the action of …induction currents. The induction currents cause the mixing of the chemical elements inside the melt, providing the homogeneity of the alloy. The alloys were produced in the levitation induction melting furnace under controlled atmosphere. By combining the effects generated by the magnetic field created in metallic parts, there was possible to hold, heat and melt solid material inside a specifically designed inductor fed by a medium frequency converter. The EDS analysis revealed the chemical compositions, and microhardness tests HV0.1 and microstructural analysis were performed in order to establish the hardening effects and the homogenization degree of the solid solutions. Show more

Keywords: Induction melting, levitation, magnesium alloys, microstructure, microhardness

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209113

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S69-S78, 2020

Authors: Kulyk, Illya | Dalla Pria, Christian | Dughiero, Fabrizio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Application of air plasma jet was studied for the materials of light industry (rubber, wood, fabrics). Regulation of temperature of remote plasma was used to apply high energy treatment on thermo-sensitive materials like denim fabric. Air plasma jet with adjusted plasma temperature permitted to realize effective colour fading of denim without heat damaging of denim fabric.

Keywords: Atmospheric plasma, jet, denim, colour fading

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209110

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S79-S84, 2020