International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 61, issue 4

Authors: Weichao, Dong | Lei, Du | Xin, Wang | Zheng, Li | Hexu, Sun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To improve the utilization of wind energy, a new type of deflectable double-stators switched reluctance wind power generator is proposed to solve the unicity of the rotor rotation of existing switched reluctance generator (SRG). The generator adopts inner and outer double-stators structure. The multi-degree-of-freedom deflection of the rotating shaft can adapt to different wind directions and is suitable for the combination of electric fields with unstable energy amplitude, which can improve the working efficiency of the generator. The finite element analysis is used to calculate the rotation of the air gap magnetic flux inside the generator rotor, which lays a …foundation for analyzing the vibration displacement of the stator structure. The magnetostriction of stator structure is the main cause of generator vibration. Based on the theory of mechanics, the basic equation of structural mechanics considering magnetostrictive effect is established. Magnetio-solid coupling simulation of internal and external stator and rotor rotation and deflection is carried out using FEA, and the stress distribution and corresponding vibration displacement are obtained. The simulation and analysis results provide a reference for further optimizing the structure of such generators and improving the stability of their operation. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic solid coupling, structural mechanics, vibration displacement, double-stators, magnetostrictive effect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190027

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 461-476, 2019

Authors: Liu, Xiaomei | Yu, Haitao | Shi, Zhenchuan | Guo, Rong | Liu, Yulei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Research on the relationship between thermal and current density relates the design and application of the electrical machine, which is important in the process of improving motors’ efficiency and working capacity. In this article, an electromagnetic-thermal (EM-thermal) coupled-field analysis and fitting method are adopted to research the relationship among current density, recovery time and duration factor of a permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM), and the longitudinal temperature characteristics are analyzed, the simulation results are verified by the experiment. The relationship makes it easier for designers to maximize the torque/power rating by increasing the winding current density within the limit of …temperature and provides a basis for the design and choice of PMLSM under different working conditions. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet linear motor, current density, electromagnetic-thermal coupled-field, recovery time, cyclic duration

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190006

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 477-490, 2019

Authors: Li, Jinghe | He, Zhanxiang | Feng, Naixing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Marine controlled source electromagnetic (MCSEM) is an efficient technique for the marine hydrocarbon explorations. Over the past decades, the numerical research on induced polarization (IP) effects in offshore environment is still a intensive topic. Presented here are the results of a 3D new MCSEM forward for IP modeling exercise with the intent of demonstrating the valuable applications of this developed methodology. By using the finite volume method, an analysis on amplitude and phase of electromagnetic field due to the varying IP parameters within the Cole-Cole model is presented. The numerical examples demonstrate that the amplitude and the phase of electromagnetic …field due to the IP effects are subtle, and it is difficult to detect the reservoir hydrocarbon object using such subtle amplitude and phase directly in offshore environment. Based on the assumption that most IP phase spectra can be represented by a linear function of the logarithm of frequency, we apply a two-frequency IP phase decoupling technique for MCSEM data interpretation, which is a plausible example. Numerical IP phase decoupled results for a thin reservoir hydrocarbon object demonstrate the efficiency of the two-frequency IP decoupled technique for MCSEM data interpretation. Show more

Keywords: Marine controlled source electromagnetic, induced polarization, two-frequency decoupled technique, finite volume method, high resistivity reservoir

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190017

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 491-507, 2019

Authors: Marcsa, Dániel | Veress, Árpád | Szegletes, János | Oroszváry, László | Molnár, László

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Passive wheel speed sensors are widely used in automotive applications where knowledge of the rotational velocity of the rotating axes and resistant to environmental impacts are required. This paper presents a general introduction to wheel speed sensor systems and the underlying physical behaviour are explained with the help of three-dimensional time-stepping finite element method. The 3D field simulations well reflect the dynamics of the magnetic field of the real problem and they provide a quantitative understanding of the output signal behaviour concerning model parameter variations. The sensor geometry is analyzed in detail, featuring a study of the influence of the …main parameters. As an outcome of parameter analysis, it was possible to determine the influence of the sensor parameters on the output signal of the sensor. In addition, this study aims to advance the understanding of the physical behaviour of passive wheel speed sensors by three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis, which is missing from the literature. Show more

Keywords: Wheel speed sensor, passive sensor, parameter analysis, 3D finite element method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190002

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 509-517, 2019

Authors: Zhai, Mingda | Long, Zhiqiang | Li, Xiaolong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The medium-low speed maglev train is an entirely new way of transportation without wheels, and it makes the best of the attraction between the electromagnet and the F-type track to achieve levitation. The magnetic levitation system is considered as the wheels of medium-low speed maglev train, which plays a major role in bearing the weight of vehicle. The theoretical calculation and finite element numerical analysis are performed to calculate the load performance of the magnetic levitation system under different load conditions. The difference of calculation results between the two methods is analyzed and discussed. In addition, a series of load-carrying …tests in vehicles operating on Changsha maglev express is carried out. The experimental results have revealed that the calculation results based on FEM are basically matched with that of actual well conditions. Therefore, the load performance of the magnetic levitation system in medium-low speed maglev train is calculated and evaluated successfully. Show more

Keywords: Medium-low speed maglev train, magnetic levitation system, load performance, FEM, calculation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190031

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 519-536, 2019

Authors: Wang, Zhi | He, Cunfu | Liu, Xiucheng | Zhang, Xiaodong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Ising model is a promising tool for predicting magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) signal on electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (ENDE). However, theoretical prediction of MBN of composite ferromagnetic materials using Ising model is seldom reported. In this study, we incorporate double Boltzmann transition function with the exchange coupling efficiency (J ) of Ising model to achieve simulation of MBN in layered materials. The transition behavior of J was assumed to represent the changes in magnetic properties from hard layer to soft layer. Monte Carlo algorithm is used to solve the Ising model to obtain the MBN of layered material. The influence …of the volume fraction (p ) of hard layer in the double Boltzmann transition function on the shape of MBN profiles was investigated through both simulation and experiments. In the experiments, two-layer ferromagnetic materials was laminated using SAE 1065 carbon steel films of different thickness and a base strip of SAE 1045 carbon steel with a thickness of 20 mm. Both simulation and experimental results show that the MBN peak of soft layer gradually descends with the increase in thickness of SAE 1065 (or the volume fraction of hard layer). The second-order Gaussian function was used to fit the MBN envelop for extract the peaks of hard and soft layers from both experimental and simulation results. The ratio of the MBN peak of hard layer to soft layer demonstrates monotonously increasing trend as the value of p increases. Therefore, ratio of the MBN peak can act as good indicator for qualitative characterization of the changes of thickness or volume fraction of hard layer in two-layer ferromagnetic materials. Show more

Keywords: magnetic Barkhausen noise, Ising model, layered ferromagnetic materials, Monte Carlo algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190034

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 537-548, 2019

Authors: Meng, Fanxu | Zhou, Jin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a novel mechanical model based on arc tangent function is established to accurately describe the hysteretic behavior of the squeeze mode Magnetorheological (MR) damper. An improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm, which can avoid the shortage of being easily trapped in a local extremum, is applied to identify the parameters of the model. The dynamical characteristic of the MR damper is experimentally investigated with the help of the MTS machine. The validity of the proposed model is confirmed from a good agreement between the simulations and measured data. In addition, comparative analysis of the simulations with two other …existing models, reveals that the proposed model has a relatively high modelling accuracy with less parameters and explicit physical meaning. Show more

Keywords: Magnetorheological damper, squeeze-mode, characteristic analysis, modeling, differential evolution algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190008

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 549-561, 2019

Authors: Kim, Hong-Kyo | Kang, Beom-Soo | Kim, Jeong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An electromagnetic launcher or accelerator is a useful device for obtaining a wide range of payload velocities. Electromagnetic launchers have smaller space requirements compared to compressed air gas launchers and can use easily obtainable grid electricity to provide thrust in place of a conventional propellant. Despite these advantages, it is difficult to measure launcher muzzle velocity, as the flames and light produced by the muzzle during launch make velocity measurement using a light sensor or high-speed camera impossible. To overcome this problem, B-dot probes can be used to track the projectile position within the launcher by sensing changes in the …magnetic field, which generate an induced voltage in the probe following Faraday’s law. This paper proposes a B-dot probe based method for measuring an electromagnetic launcher’s muzzle velocity. After determining the sensing effect as the probe positions and orientations through numerical simulation, the B-dot probe was used to measure the muzzle velocity, which was compared to a muzzle velocity obtained using a high-speed camera to validate the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic launching, voltage measurement, velocity measurement, numerical analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190040

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 563-580, 2019

Authors: Yu, Xudong | Xie, Yuanping | Xiong, Zhenyu | Liu, Chang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A ring laser gyroscope is an optical sensor based on the Sagnac effect. It has many outstanding advantages, such as a short start-up time, a high precision, a wide dynamic range and a stable scale factor. It is insensitive to accelerations and is in wide use in aircraft attitude control, north finding applications including navigation and space missions. The path length transducer in a ring laser gyroscope is required to stabilize the optical path of the laser beams in the cavity. The path length control transducer may tilt in complex environment, which will cause deformation of resonant optical path in …resonant cavity and seriously influence the performance of ring laser gyroscope. Firstly, for the first time, finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to simulate and analyze the small deformation of ring laser gyroscope’s grooved mirror in three directions under typical random vibrational spectra, their value were 2.08" , 2.10" and 1.30" respectively, and the deformation in the diaphragm of resonant cavity was obtained by combining with matrix optical theory quantitatively. Secondly, the influence rule of different radius of curvature and isostructural parameters on the tilt of path length control transducer was sought through quantitative analysis. Finally, combining with the change law of axial displacement in literature [5 ], an evaluation criterion for optimization was given and the optimized parameters were listed for path length control transducer. The tilt was reduced to 0.33" after optimization, which was about 21.4% of current structure. The axial displacement reached 3.89 um, which was 1.84 times of existing structure. The research in the paper could provide reference for the design of path length control transducer of ring laser gyroscope. Show more

Keywords: Ring laser gyroscope, path length control transducer, vibration, finite element analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190030

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 581-591, 2019

Authors: Zhang, Haijun | Zhang, Hua | Ma, Qiang | Han, Haifeng | Wang, Shuhong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is an effective diagnosis approach to detect the winding mechanical faults in power transformer. For understanding the FRA signatures of transformer windings quantitatively, this paper uses the sensitivity method to study the characteristics of frequency response function (FRF) in equivalent circuit of transformer windings. The sensitivity expressions of FRF can be determined by adjoint network method and Tellegen theorem, which reflects the influence of electric parameter changes on FRA signature under winding faults and within a wide-frequency band (10 Hz to 2 MHz). To verify the sensitivity calculation, a two-winding transformer model with seven discs was established and …taken as an example. The results indicate that FRF sensitivity data can provide the valuable insights about how the frequency responses are affected quantitatively with respect to the electric parameter changes or different winding faults. The method and sensitivity analysis discussed in this paper may be useful for diagnosing and predicting different mechanical deformation faults of transformer windings. Show more

Keywords: Transformer winding, equivalent circuit, frequency response, sensitivity analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190038

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 593-603, 2019

Authors: Maloberti, Olivier | Mansouri, Omar | Jouaffre, Denis | Hamzaoui, Mohammed | Derosiere, Jimmy | Buiron, Nicolas | Sapanathan, Taneshan | Pelca, Philippe | Rachik, Mohamed | Lembrouck, Gregory | Haye, Dominique | Leonard, Jean-Paul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes to compute the electrical behavior, including electromagnetic and electromechanical parameters, of a single-turn toroidal coil which is fed by a transient pseudo-harmonic current pulse at low or medium frequency. Solutions adapted to the specificity of the pulsed high magnetic fields technology are given, including original performance characteristics, independent on the current source, but still taking eddy currents and the skin effect into account. The finite element analysis is carried out progressively; first with time harmonics, then in the transient working condition, and finally by coupling the electromagnetic calculations to the equivalent electrical circuit of the coil. …The aim of this study is to first evaluate the accuracy of a 2D axi-symmetrical numerical model by comparing it to 3D reference calculations. The reliability is valued according to measurements. The method then makes it possible to very quickly compute the main interesting coils characteristics, namely the equivalent resistance, inductance, maximum induction coefficient and finally the self and mutual force coefficients. These last new parameters are also defined in the present paper and provide important performance criteria. Finally, a sensitivity analysis will be performed to understand the impact of the main usual parameters (frequency, coil length, coil radius, airgap, electrical conductivity). The 2D model allows to save time and to build an approximate but reliable solution that might make either the transient calculation or the coupling with electrical, mechanical and thermal physics easier. After an introduction (part 2), part 3 gives the model geometry, physics and meshing. Magneto-harmonic calculations of fields and coils’ parameters and a complete sensitivity analysis are performed in part 4. Transient computations are carried out on a single-turn coil made of steel without a field-shaper and are compared to experimental results in parts 5. Finally, an innovative single-turn coil with a field-shaper, both made of a non-standard copper alloy (siclanic® ), has been also calculated, tested and measured in part 6. To conclude, the 2D model provides the main interesting intrinsic coil’s characteristics and a fast sensitivity analysis as a function of several parameters, such as the pulse natural frequency. These parameters are needed to couple the electromagnetic process to an electrical circuit or a mechanical workpiece deformation. The present study can estimate if, in given conditions, the forming coil can ensure electromagnetic forces high enough either to initiate the process or to end it with an assembling static pressure. Show more

Keywords: Eddy currents, Lorentz force, magnetic pulse technology, numerical modelling, single-turn coil, field-shaper, skin effect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-180132

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 605-632, 2019

Authors: Ding, Li | Zhang, Jiasheng | Lin, Aiguo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of fluid flow in deep-water submarine pipelines, a safe and energy-saving built-in skin effect electric heat tracing technology was adopted as the thermal management strategy. By analyzing the multi-physics conditions of the electromagnetic field-temperature field in the heating state of pipelines, the corresponding control equations were derived, and the physical model was established using the transient electromagnetic-temperature coupling field of Ansys Workbench. Simultaneously, we calculated the equivalent parameters of the oil pipeline and heating cable as the load when the system is heated to different temperatures. Thus, the main circuit parameters of the power …supply for the built-in skin effect electric tracing system were designed, thus providing the theoretical guidance for the key performance optimization. For regulating the output power of the built-in skin effect electric heat tracing system, the nonlinear active disturbance rejection control strategy was newly adopted to achieve closed-loop power regulation based on the Buck chopper, and the system has the advantages of fast dynamic response and strong anti-interference ability. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control system was verified by simulation. Show more

Keywords: Built-in, electric heat tracing system, coupled field, finite element analysis, ADRC

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-190001

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 633-647, 2019