International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 46, issue 3

Authors: Ro, Jong-Suk | Jung, Sang-Yong | Lee, Cheol-Gyun | Jung, Hyun-Kyo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The important research area associated with the Ultra-Sonic Motor (USM) is the contact problem between the stator and the rotor. Because the USM operates by the friction force between the rotor and the stator, the contact problem of the USM have to be taken into account to analyze the motor performance accurately. Consequently, various types of the analysis methods have been proposed based on a contact model which describes the complex nonlinear contact condition of the …USM. In this paper, diverse types of contact analysis methods for a Travelling Wave Ultra-Sonic Motor (TWUSM) are clearly condensed and precisely examined. The governing equations for the analysis of the TWUSM performance are derived through a precise investigation of the relationship between the contact condition and the motor performance in this paper. Furthermore, the motor performance is analyzed using contact models and the calculated data are compared with the experimental results. Show more

Keywords: Analytical method, characteristic analysis, contact mechanism, traveling wave, ultrasonic motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141745

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 437-453, 2014

Authors: Ding, Changjiang | Lu, Jun | Song, Zhiqing | Bao, Siqingaowa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this work is to select the most suitable mathematical model to describe the thin layer electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying of cooked beef based on voltage and such geometrical characteristics as thickness and cross-sectional area of the material. To accomplish this, the EHD drying technique was employed at 0 kV, 6 kV, 14 kV, 21 kV and 32 kV for alternating current (AC). The drying temperature was 21 ± 2°C, and the drying relative humidity …was 30 ± 5%, while the ambient wind speed was 0 m/s. Samples of cooked beef of different thickness and cross-sectional area were put into a high voltage electric field at 24 kV for AC. Six different mathematical drying models were then compared to simulate drying curves based on root mean square error, reduced mean square of deviation and modeling efficiency. The results showed that the drying rate of cooked beef was notably greater in the EHD system when compared to control. Both thickness and cross-sectional area of cooked beef had more impact on drying rate during the first half hour, and the Demir et al. model was the best mathematical model. Therefore, this work provides guidance for optimizing and improving the drying efficiency of EHD. Show more

Keywords: Electrohydrodynamic drying, moisture content, cooked beef, mathematical model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141781

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 455-461, 2014

Authors: Bu, Yinggang | Kinjo, Hideyuki | Oyaizu, Kazuaki | Inoue, Kaname | Mizuno, Tsutom | Duan, Zhihui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A compact electro-magnetic oscillatory actuator was proposed based on a pair of torsion springs for optical scanners operating at low oscillating frequencies, such as 50 Hz for a portable barcode scanner. Each torsion spring in the actuator is made of silicone rubber and is dually supported at both ends. A yoke is coupled with the driven coil to enhance the driving torque of the actuator. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the yoke on the resonant …frequency of the actuator, as well as the torsion moment. We also experimentally determined the relationship between the resonant frequency and the magnetic gap of the yoke. Compared with the mechanical resonant frequency in the experiments, which was designed to be 50 Hz, the frequency was modified to 57.4 Hz, 54.7 Hz and 52.9 Hz when the gap between the yoke and the permanent magnet was 1.5 mm, 1.7 mm and 1.9 mm, respectively. The proposed actuator, which combines a yoke with flexible torsion springs, is potentially useful as a compact optical scanner, taking advantages of both low power consumption and high reliability. Show more

Keywords: Optical scanner, oscillatory actuator, torsion spring, silicone rubber, magnetic spring

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141782

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 463-470, 2014

Authors: Dai, Jianguo | Chang, Siqin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the research on loss analysis of the electromagnetic linear actuator (ELA) with the purpose of performance improvement of ELA applied to the engine electromagnetic driven valve train (EDVT). To define ELA's loss distribution and variation, quantitative analysis has been carried out against ELA's loss composition and variation at different engine conditions through simulation of three-dimensional (3D) finite element. Meanwhile, in order to verify reliability of simulation model, locked-mover test …has been completed creatively. Then it analyzes the impact of flux density and excitation period on ELA's loss and thus some regular understandings are obtained. In the end, the result shows that the test data and simulating calculation agree well, and the error is less than 3.9%. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic linear actuator, loss, simulation, changes, locked-mover test

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141783

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 471-482, 2014

Authors: Akdagli, Ali | Toktas, Abdurrahim | Bicer, Mustafa Berkan | Kayabasi, Ahmet | Ustun, Deniz | Kurt, Kasim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this work, a model constructed with the adaptive neuro – fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for estimating the resonant frequency of rectangular ring compact microstrip antennas (RRCMAs) in UHF band is proposed. A total of 108 RRCMAs having different parameters related to the antenna dimensions and dielectric substrate were simulated with the help of electromagnetic packaged software IE3D™ based on method of moment (MoM) to generate the data pool for training and test processes of the …ANFIS model. While 96 RRCMAs were employed for training, the remainders were used for test the ANFIS model. The resonant frequencies were computed with the average percentage errors (APE) as 0.014% and 0.666% for training and test, respectively. The accuracy of proposed model was successfully demonstrated by comparing with the results of a method over the simulated data previously published in the literature. Further to inspect the validity of the ANFIS model, a RRCMA operating at 2.44 GHz was designed and fabricated for this work, and the accurate results concerning the resonant frequency were achieved. Show more

Keywords: Compact microstrip antennas, rectangular ring, resonant frequency, neuro-fuzzy, ANFIS

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141784

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 483-490, 2014

Authors: Dhayalan, R. | Kumar, Anish | Rao, B. Purna Chandra | Jayakumar, T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper discusses finite element modeling of spiral coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to generate bulk waves. First, a 2D electromagnetic model is developed for calculating the Lorentz force density, which is the driving force for sound wave generation within the material. Second, the calculated force at each point in the material is used as the driving force for generating sound wave modes. This model is used to predict the ultrasonic A-scan signals of bulk (longitudinal …and shear) waves in isotropic homogeneous material. Spiral coil EMATs of two different coil spacings are developed for experimental studies. The model predicted results are validated by experimental results and for this, the ratio of amplitude of shear wave to longitudinal wave is used. Show more

Keywords: Spiral coil EMAT, lorentz force density, finite element modeling, bulk waves

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141933

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 491-500, 2014

Authors: Raval, Falguni | Kosta, Y.P. | Joshi, Harshita

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper discusses a triple-band microstrip circular antenna using rising sun shaped structure embedded in the substrate of patch antenna. The proposed design is based on the metamaterial property of rising sun shaped structure. The proposed antenna shows good performance at all resonant frequencies. The rising sun structure in substrate makes a major contribution to the first and second operating bands, while it has a minor effect on the third operating band. The proposed antenna is …compared with the conventional antenna. This antenna has a high gain at all working frequencies. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with the measured results, which shows that there is a good agreement between them. Show more

Keywords: Metamaterial, circular patch antenna, rising sun structure (RSS)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141934

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 501-509, 2014

Authors: Peng, Xiaoting | Zhan, Zaiji | Li, Zhixin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Because of strong current, friction and arcing, electrical contact ablation occurs in the transmitting process of electromagnetic railgun, which is also one key issue in application. In this paper, an experimental apparatus is designed to detect electromagnetic railgun armature contacts ablation. Energy dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution camera and rogowski coil are used to measure mass loss, volume change, the ablation layer analysis, the element distribution on ablation layer section and the …electrical contact analysis. Experimental results show that the input current and the contact pressure between electrodes are the major factors contributing to the ablation volume loss and mass loss. It is also showed that as a sliding electrode, the aluminum armature ablates more seriously during launch. Show more

Keywords: Railgun, electrical contact ablation, aluminum armature, experimental apparatus

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141935

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 511-518, 2014

Authors: Rybin, Oleg

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper discusses microwave properties of the effective refractive index of two-component metamaterials with ferromagnetic metal inclusions. Here we study metamaterial media, which are presented as an infinite host dielectric material with periodically embedded ferrite-like metal cylindrical and spherical inclusions saturated with an external biasing magnetic dc field. The case when electromagnetic wave propagates transversely or parallel to the direction of biasing magnetic dc field is studied. Frequency ranges where the real …parts of effective refractive index of the metamaterials achieve unusual values (very small, much greater than unity etc.) were found. Show more

Keywords: Metamaterials, effective medium theory, inclusions, metaferrites, effective refractive index

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141936

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 519-526, 2014

Authors: Yang, Xiao Qing | Zhai, Ying Ya | Xu, Chen | Jia, Guo Zhu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Two different antipodal Vivaldi antennas design with better performances are proposed. The one is a small antipodal Vivaldi antenna for a 4.1–20 GHz frequency range, and its dimension is only 34 × 50 mm^{2} . Another proposed high gain antenna can achieve the maximum gain of 15.2 dBi within its operating band. Measured results of the manufactured antipodal Vivaldi antennas are in good agreement with the simulated ones. Besides the |S_{11}| , far field …radiation pattern, current distribution, phase, gain, and group delay which are important parameters of impulse distortion in ultra-wide band antenna are well analyzed. All results show that the proposed antipodal Vivaldi antennas have better performances and they are well suited for ultra-wide band communications. Show more

Keywords: Ultra-wide band, small antenna, high gain, Vivaldi antenna

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-141937

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 527-536, 2014