International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 25, issue 1-4

Authors: Yamaguchi, Hiroshi | Shimada, Kunio | Zhang, Xinrong | Inoue, Daisuke

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A basic study of a gap flow in a closed piston – cylinder system of ER fluid was carried out. The purpose of this study is to elucidate flow behavior of ER fluid in the piston – cylinder system. The electric field is applied between inner wall of the cylinder and outer wall of the piston, and the pressure difference between upper and lower chamber of the cylinder is measured. Theoretical formula of pressure difference is obtained by the …one-dimensional assumption of the flow in the gap of cylinder. Furthermore, simulation code is developed in the present study based on the finite volume method(FVM). In comparison with the theoretical and experimental results, it is revealed that a larger difference occurs for a smaller aspect ratio of the piston. The numerical results showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Show more

Keywords: Electro-rheological fluid, damper, electric field, Bingam fluid, pressure diference

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-843

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 583-588, 2007

Authors: Vandenbossche, Lode | Dupré, Luc | Melkebeek, Jan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Low-frequency dielectric measurements are applied as an experimental method to monitor the evolution of the overall curing process of one-component polyurethane foams. The electrical resistivity, correlated to the ion viscosity of the curing foam, is measured continuously throughout the curing process. An automated experimental set-up was developed and quantitative specifications about the curing speed, the degree of cure and the end of the curing process are introduced. The influence of foam controlling additives and application …methods on the curing process is investigated. Show more

Keywords: Dielectric analysis, curing process, ion viscosity, polyurethane foam

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-755

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 589-593, 2007

Authors: Higa, Masaru | Luo, Yun | Okuyama, Takeshi | Takagi, Toshiyuki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents experimental data obtained from the in vivo compression of the large intestine of goat and describes its non-linear and viscoelastic mechanical properties. Data were obtained from compression tests on the large intestine of an anesthetized goat using a stress-strain acquisition equipment. The tissue was first compressed with a constant rate then hold at a maximum strain for 300 seconds. All the results demonstrated highly non-linear stress-strain behavior during the compression phase. The …stress versus time curve during the relaxation phase was obtained and the reduced-stress relaxation function was applied. This paper serves as a preliminary report on the mechanical properties of large intestine based on in vivo experimental data. Show more

Keywords: Large intestine, viscoelasticity, non-linearity, in vivo compression

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-756

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 595-599, 2007

Authors: Sudo, Seiichi | Tsuyuki, Koji | Matsumoto, Tadashi | Yoshikawa, Masanori | Watanabe, Masahiko | Honda, Takashi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to develop the micro swimming robot. The swimming behavior of diving beetle was analyzed by a high speed video camera system. Based on the kinematic analysis of insect swimming, a swimming robot propelled by the magnetic torque was developed. The robot system is composed of a NdFeB magnet and alternating magnetic field. It was found that the swimming velocity of robot depends on the frequency of magnetic field.

Keywords: Biomechanics, biomimetics, swimming robot, beetle robot, magnetic field, magnet

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-757

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 601-606, 2007

Authors: Sato, Yosuke | Shiraishi, Toshihiko | Morishita, Shin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, two types of rheometers were developed to measure typical characteristics of MR fluids. The shear stress was measured with one rheometer under shear deformation and the pressure difference was measured with the other under pressure flow on changing flow rate, magnetic flux density, and gap length through which MR fluids flow. Furthermore, the design process of MR devices using the experimental results was shown.

Keywords: Magnetorheological fluid, rheometer, design methodology

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-886

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 607-611, 2007

Authors: Chun, Yon-Do | Koo, Dae-Hyun | Cho, Yun-Hyun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The multiobjective design optimization generally includes the conflicting objectives and the use of conventional design optimization for MO problem does not so good approach to obtain an effective optimal solution. In this article, genetic algorithm is used to solve such optimal multiobjective design of axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor. In order to effectively obtain a set of Pareto optimal solutions, ranking method is applied. The objective functions are decrease of cogging torque, increase of torque …respectively. The airgap length and teeth angle are selected for the design variables. Some experimental results are compared with the simulation ones for the validity. Show more

Keywords: Multiobjective design optimization, axial flux motor, permanent magnet, genetic algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-758

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 613-619, 2007

Authors: Wu, Yongbo | Tamano, Masanori | Kato, Masana | Tachibana, Toru

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A new method for inducing a machine spindle to vibrate ultrasonically was proposed. Rather than using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive transducers, common in conventional ultrasonic vibration spindles, the new method utilizes a fluctuating electromagnetic force to induce the spindle to vibrate ultrasonically along its axis. An experimental rig was constructed to confirm the generation of the ultrasonic vibration. Following the measurement of the fluctuating magnetic force, axial ultrasonic vibration generated on the spindle …was investigated for various conditions such as the frequency and magnitude of the applied electric power and the gap between the electromagnet and the spindle. As a result, it was found that: (1) the magnetic force increases as the electric power increases but decreases as the gap increases; and (2) the spindle vibration amplitude shows the same tendency as that of the magnetic force. The maximum vibration amplitude obtained was 5.4 μm. Show more

Keywords: Machine spindle, ultrasonic vibration, internal grinding, electromagnetic force

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-759

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 621-626, 2007

Authors: Zezell, Denise M. | da Ana, Patricia A. | Ribeiro, Adriana C. | Bachmann, Luciano | Freitas, Anderson Z. | Vieira Jr., Nilson Dias

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study evaluated the potential of Erbium lasers in caries prevention and optical methods for diagnosis. Temperature rise was measured by an infrared thermographic camera. Chemical and structural changes were identified by FTIR. Natural and artificial lesions were examined by optical coherence tomography. Laser irradiation resulted in surface temperature rises around 400°C, loss of water, change of the collagen, increase of the OH^{-} radical and a small change in the mineral matrix. OCT …analysis produced a dentin-enamel tomogram with 10 μm resolution. Fluorescence spectroscopy and OCT system were able to detect and differentiate early caries in its structure. Show more

Keywords: Caries diagnosis, caries prevention, FTIR, optical coherence tomography

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-818

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 627-633, 2007

Authors: Wieger, Verena | Straßl, Martin | Wintner, Ernst

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Laser treatment of dentine was performed with two free-running Erbium laser systems operated at 3 W average power, and a mode-locked 12-ps Nd:vanadate laser at an average power of 3.5 W. Mean ablated volumes per laser pulse were determined by means of a three-dimensional digital evaluation method. The temporal pulse profiles of the Erbium systems was analysed to explain the ablation rate results. Additionally, the morphology of the laser treated surfaces was examined.

Keywords: Er:YAG, Er, Cr:YSGG, ultra-short pulse laser, ablation rates, laser parameters

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-795

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 635-640, 2007

Authors: Didosyan, Yuri S. | Hauser, Hans | Drvoderic, Drago | Nicolics, Johann

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Optical switches based on orthoferrites provide response times of 20 ns combined with stable states. The aperture is determined by the domain structure of the crystal plates and is increased now up to 500 μm.

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2007-878

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 25, no. 1-4, pp. 641-644, 2007