Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 8, issue 3-4

Authors: Caimi, Gregorio | Vaccaro, Francesco | Serra, Antonio | Picone, Francesco | Romano, Adele | Sarno, Antonio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In a group of subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) not yet in need of dialysis therapy we evaluated macro and microrheological determinants. From the obtained data it is evident that the whole-blood filterability as well as red cell aggregation discriminate normals from subjects with CRF. Same behaviour is present regarding the erythrocyte membrane fluidity. This parameter evaluated using fluorescence technique, distinguishes clearly normals from subjects with CRF. The datum regarding the red cell membrane fluidity suggests that in these patients a membrane structural alteration is present. This alteration seems dependent on the oxidative and lipidic metabolism that is altered …in this pathology. Show more

Keywords: Chronic renal failure, red cell membrane fluidity, whole-blood filterability, erythrocyte aggregation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-421

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 433-437, 1988

Authors: Zachée, P. | Emonds, M.P. | Goossens, W. | Daelemans, R. | Lins, R.L. | Boogaerts, M.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Oxidative sensitivity, measured by a modified ascorbate cyanide test, GSH and 51 Cr-RBC cytotoxicity, was abnormal before the haemodialysis. This increases after 30 min. dialysis, just behind the leukocytes drop. Biocompatible dialysis membranes do attenuate this phenomenon. All are indicative of RBC scavenger function against toxic oxygen radical production in dialysis patients. Despite this abnormality, erythrocyte deformability was completely normal.

Keywords: Oxidative sensitivity, toxic oxygen radical, haemodialysis, erythrocyte deformability, scavenger

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-422

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 439-443, 1988

Authors: Seiffge, D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The sensitivity of the Single Erythrocyte Rigidometer (SER) has been improved and a new software program allows us the detailed analysis of subsequent passages. The flow of a single RBC can be differentiated into entry, transit, and exit phase. Application of stress models on RBC filtration resulted in pronounced effects of the entrance into the pore. Filtration of white blood cells increased the driving pressure gradient by a factor of more than 30 compared to RBC filtration.

Keywords: Single Erythrocyte Rigidometer

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-423

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 445-451, 1988

Authors: Koutsouris, D. | Guillet, R. | Leliévre, J.C. | Boynard, M. | Guillemin, M.T. | Bertholom, P. | Wenby, R.B. | Beuzard, Y. | Meiselman, H.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to study the concept of RBC sub-population deformability. we have developed a new system called the Cell Transit Analyser (CTA) which measures the electrical conductance change produced by cells travelling through individual cylindrical micropores. The cell’s transit time through the pore can be determined. This computer-based device provides both the mean transit time T for the entire cell population and the distribution of transit times for a large number (e.g. 2000) of cells. Initial experiments were performed with a large-scale electrical model in order to allow analysis of the electrical resistance signals. Experiments with red cells were designed …to evaluate the flow behavior of both normal cells and cells with abnormal mechanical properties (i.e. RBCs whose mechanical properties were artificially altered and cells with significant rheological abnormalities such as sickle cells). For both control and “rheologicaly abnormal” red cells, a skew distribution of transit time towards longer transit times was observed. Show more

Keywords: red blood cell, deformability, filtration, transit time

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-424

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 453-459, 1988

Authors: Herrmann, T. | Gremillet, E. | Juge, J. | Champailler, A. | Rusch, P. | Healy, J.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Among the factors affecting oxygen supply to the tissues, red blood cells’ transit time through the microcirculation occupies an important place. Now, this transit time depends on two essential parameters: 1- the erythrocytes’ rheological properties; 2- the haemodynamic conditions existing locally in vivo. Therefore, lonely measurements of red blood cells’ deformability by in vitro methods do not allow a complete survey of microcirculatory status. We describe a new non invasive method providing quantitative characteristics of the distribution of red blood cells’ transit time through the cerebral microcirculation. This technique has been used in a clinical trial and has given objective …criteria of Nafronyl’s (LIPHA Company - France) efficacy in elderly’s vascular dementia. Show more

Keywords: Red cell transit time, cerebral microcirculation, red cell rheology, oxygen supply

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-425

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 461-466, 1988

Authors: Stuart, J. | Keidan, A.J. | Stone, P.C.W. | Sowter, M.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Intracellular dehydration is a feature of older erythrocytes which thus have a higher mean cell haemoglobin concentration and can be separated by density-gradient fractionation. Studies of fractionated erythrocytes have demonstrated rheological and haematological heterogeneity with the denser cells showing multiple rheological abnormalities. Sickle cells are particularly heterogeneous with the denser sub-populations having a dominant rheological effect. Rheological methods should take this heterogeneity into account by analysis of erythrocyte sub-populations after density-gradient fractionation or by using instruments that measure the rheology of single cells. Such techniques are of particular importance in studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of sickle-cell disease.

Keywords: Rheology, Erythrocyte deformability, Erythrocyte sub-populations

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-426

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 467-475, 1988

Authors: Franzini, E. | Moutard Martin, F. | Thao Chan, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The main studies in Clinical Haemorheology have been performed on the red cell. However, rheologists and clinicians recently began to analyze the leukocyte behaviour in microcirculation. Our study carried out the evaluation of the leukocyte deformation and the effects of an hemorheological drug (pentoxifylline) by a simple filtration method. Two subpopulations were taken into account : mononuclears and granulocytes. Different physical factors (pressure, number of cells, pore diameter) were assessed in order to find out the optimum conditions for studying the leukocyte filterability. The granulocyte population seems to be more rigid (Igranu = 3.33 ± 0.85 N = 10) …as compared to the monocyte population (Imono = 3.01 ± 0.74 N = 9) for 3 000 G/L. The incubation of these fractions with pentoxifylline (7.10−4 M) for one or two hours at 37° C showed that pentoxifylline does improve the leukocyte filterability significantly for an average of 17 %. Show more

Keywords: Leukocytes, Filterability, Pentoxifylline

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-427

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 477-484, 1988

Authors: Franzini, E. | Driss, F. | Darcet, Ph. | Driss, Fr. | Daoud, F. | Thao Chan, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte Deformability (ED) was investigated by a Cell Transit-time Analyser (CTA) in three populations: elderly subjects, liver diseases patients and controls. Different conditions of measures were evaluated: anticoagulants (EDTA and heparin), buffers (PBS and tris), temperatures (25° C and 37° C), and different pressures. The CTA analysed the deformability of individual cell passing through 5 um pores of a polycarbonate filter (Oligopore) under a low hydrostatic pressure. This method showed that E.D. was lower in elderly and in liver diseases groups than in the control group. Several fractions of less deformable red cells, as regard to their transit-times through the filter, …were detected by the CTA. By contrast, red cells from controls group didn’t present these subpopulations. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte Deformability, CTA, transit time, subpopulations

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-428

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 485-492, 1988

Authors: Franzini, E. | Driss, F. | Driss, Fr. | Daoud, F. | Darcet, Ph. | Thao Chan, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte deformability (E.D.) was investigated by two filtration techniques: the Hanss’hemorheometer and the Cell Transit Time Analyzer (CTA) in elderly subjects and in subjects with liver diseases. Unlike the hemorheometer, the CTA technique is in a position to analyze the deformability of each red cell passing through 5 µm pores of a polycarbonate filter (Oligopore) under a low hydrostatic pressure. Both methods showed that E.D. was lower in the elderly group and in the liver diseases group than in the control group. Another characteristic of the CTA is to detect a few fractions of less deformable red cells.

Keywords: CTA, Erythrocyte Deformability, red cell subpopulations

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-429

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 493-499, 1988

Authors: Yarnell, J.W.G. | Sweetnam, P.M. | Hutton, R.D. | Davies, M.E. | Elwood, P.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Two community studies were set up to examine among other objectives, laboratory tests predictive of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Over 2,000 middle-aged men were examined in each community in South Wales (Caerphilly) and the West of England (Speedwell, Bristol). Plasma viscosity was associated with age, smoking habit and existing cases of IHD. Preliminary incidence data indicated that plasma viscosity was significantly increased in subjects who died subsequently from IHD over a four year period of follow-up. Whole blood viscosity measurements were made on a systematic sub-sample of the Caerphilly population. Preliminary results from the first 297 men showed significant associations …between existing cases of IHD and certain calculated indices from the ‘rheological profiles’ carried out for each subject. These analyses provide encouragement for this technique but analysis of larger data sets which are being collected is required to clarify these relationships. Show more

Keywords: viscosity, ischaemic heart disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-430

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 501-506, 1988

Authors: Ernst, E. | Koenig, W. | Matrai, A. | Keil, U.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As part of a population survey for cardiovascular risk factors, plasma viscosity and hemoglobin were measured in 4022 individuals aged 25 – 64 years. The results show that there is no age- or sex-dependency of plasma viscosity in healthy participants; while hemoglobin shows the well known sex difference. In contrast, plasma viscosity increases with age in the total population. Plasma viscosity in women is elevated in hypercholesterolemia and in obesity. In men it is increased in hypercholesterolemia, untreated hypertension and in smoking participants. Hemoglobin is elevated in women who smoke and is not increased in the presence of any risk …factor in men. The results confirm clinical trials showing hemorheological deficits in cardiovascular risk factors. Thus the hypothesis of a link between blood rheology and cardiovascular risk is strengthened. Show more

Keywords: epidemiology, cardiovascular risk factors, plasma viscosity, hemoglobin

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-431

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 507-515, 1988

Authors: Lowe, G.D.O. | Smith, W.C.S. | Tunstall-Pedoe, H.D. | Crombie, I.K. | Lennie, S.E. | Anderson, J. | Barbenel, J.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, haematocrit and fibrinogen were measured in 1260 men and women aged 25–64 years in the West of Scotland and related to cardiovascular ar risk factors. Blood viscosity and haematocrit were higher in men than women; there was no sex difference in plasma viscosity or fibrinogen. In both sexes, blood viscosity increased with smoking, age, blood pressure, body mass index and serum total cholesterol. In general, these correlations were stronger for blood viscosity than for haematocrit, plasma viscosity or fibrinogen. The data are consistent with a role for blood viscosity in cardiovascular disease, and will be related …to prevalent and incident disease. Show more

Keywords: blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, ischaemic heart disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-432

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 517-524, 1988

Authors: Bonithon-Kopp, C. | Scarabin, P.Y. | Malmejac, A. | Thao-Chan, M. | Chrétien, J.M. | Spriet, A. | Guize, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Menopause-related changes in hemorheological parameters were assessed in 129 healthy women aged 45–54 years undergoing a routine health examination. Menopausal status was confirmed by hormonal measurements. There were no significant differences in blood cell filterability, erythrocytes rigidity index and haematocrit between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, postmenopausal women had higher plasma viscosity than premenopausal women and the increase in plasma viscosity could not be explained by a weak but not significant rise in fibrinogen in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that menopausal changes in blood rheology are due to plasma viscosity rather than to blood cell filterability or red cell …deformability and may somewhat contribute to the increased risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Show more

Keywords: Blood rheology, menopause, epidemiology

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-433

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 525-531, 1988

Authors: Ehrly, A.M.

Article Type: Announcement

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-434

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 533-537, 1988

Authors: Ernst, E.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-435

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 539-542, 1988