Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation - Volume 8, issue 3-4

Authors: Vayssairat, M. | Priollet, P. | Baudot, N. | Portos, JL.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nailfold Capillary Microscopy (NCM) affords direct in vivo visualization of cutaneous capillaries in man. The method is simple, cheap and non invasive, and permits quantitative and qualitative assessment of skin microcirculation. Auxiliary devices can also record red blood velocity, transcapillary diffusion, finger systolic pressure and local cooling. The most widespread routine use of NCM is for patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). The main objectives of the method are: 1 – to recognize non primary RP early, 2 – to differentiate and classify connective tissue disorders, 3 – to study vascular pathogenic mechanisms, and 5 – to assess blindly objective improvement …of skin microcirculation in therapeutic trials. Show more

Keywords: Nailfold capillary microscopy, Raynaud’s phenomenon, skin microcirculation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-411

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 353-358, 1988

Authors: Carpentier, P.C. | Benhamou, P.Y. | Franco, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Conjunctival capillary microscopy is a non-invasive method that visualize capillaries, venules and arterioles of the human bulbar conjunctiva. Conjunctival vessels may show morphological abnormalities : capillary and venular microanevrysms, venular enlargement and kinking. Although none of these findings alone is specific for any disease, scores have been built for early recognition of the diabetic microangiopathy and degenerative vascular disease. Grading red blood cell aggregation (R.B.C.A.) is possible in vivo. We found significant correlations (p < 0.001) of conjunctival R.B.C.A. with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (+), blood fibrinogen (+) and albumin (-). The two-dimensional organisation of conjunctival microvessels allows morphometric quantitation …of microvascular density and other structural parameters. This technic may be used for pharmacological purposes and has provided interesting insights in diabetic and hypertensive microangiopathies. Using by hand morphometry, we found a negative correlation between R.B.C.A. and capillary density, consistent with a negative influence of erythrocyte aggregation on capillary perfusion. Show more

Keywords: microcirculation, capillary, conjunctiva, erythrocyte aggregation, diabetes, morphometry

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-412

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 359-365, 1988

Authors: Boccalon, Henri

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The laser Doppler Flowmeter (LDF) is designed for the measurement of blood flow in superficial tissues. Many difficulties were so far encountered in such hemodynamic assessments. Doppler effect principle is used here. Microcirculatory geometry and hemodynamics do not allow the use of ultrasound velocimetry. A laser beam is thus used. All moving elements located in a half sphere of 1mm radius below skin surface are actively taken into account in the LDF signal. We used this technique for various purposes o Skin blood flow result reproductibility is 80 % and varies following environmental conditions. The factors leading to an increase …of skin blood flow are: heat, hyperventilation, aneasthesia, sympathectomy, vasoactive drugs. Those entailing flow decrease are cold, respiratory maneuvres, emotion, tobacco smoke, upright position, ischemic disorders. We set up a LDF / Raynaud protocole in order to forecast the efficiency of the medical treatment. LDF has become an easy method for the measurement of skin blood flow. Show more

Keywords: Laser Doppler Flowmeter, skin blood flow, blood flow reproductibility, Raynaud disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-413

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 367-377, 1988

Authors: Bollinger, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Three fluorescent tracers are currently used for study of human skin microcirculation: Na-fluorescein, Indocyanine green and FITC-dextran 150’000. The first dye is injected for evaluating microvascular flow distribution and transcapillary diffusion, which may be quantitated by videodensitometry. Indocyanine green couples to plasma proteins, does normally not leave the intravascular compartment like Na-fluorescein and depicts the whole capillary diameter including the plasma layer. Otherwise invisible lymphatic capillaries are visualized after subepidermal injection of minute amounts of FITC-dextran 150’000.

Keywords: microcirculation, transcapillary diffusion, Na-fluorescein, indocyanine green, FITC-dextran

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-414

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 379-383, 1988

Authors: Depairon, M. | Depresseux, J.C. | Zicot, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We study muscular blood flow (F), oxygen consumption (R) and oxygen extraction (E) in 6 patients suffering from severe unilateral intermittent claudication. We apply the bolus inhalation technique of C15 O2 and 15 O2 using detection by positron emission tomography. Tomograms are recorded at the greatest diameter of legs, at rest and after exercise (treadmill walk test). At rest, F, R and E are similar in normal legs and pathological legs. Ten minutes after exercise, F and R remain more elevated on pathological inferior limbs. E rises in normal and pathological legs. This elevation is only significant …on normal side. Our preliminary results show that during the recovery from a walk test, the remaining increase in oxygen uptake is proportional to the delayed hyperemia among the ischemic muscles with an oxygen extraction of the same order than in the resting condition. Show more

Keywords: Peripheral arteriopathy, Oxygen metabolism, Positron emission tomography

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-415

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 385-390, 1988

Authors: Delahaye, R. | Fabry, R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Patients suffering from peripheral obliterative arterial disease present very often abnormalities from their blood flow, especially from their erythrocyte velocity. A population of nineteen Fontaine’s II stage patients who did not suffer from diabetes or hypertensive pressure, received 800 mg/day of pentoxifylline for 10 days. Each patient, being his own reference, underwent a parameter study of the lipidic dynamic of his red blood cell membranes (erythrocyte ghosts) and, similarly, a conjunctival angioscopic examination, at the beginning and the end of treatment. This study shows that there is an important interrelationship between the modifications of the blood flow, observed by conjunctival …angioscopy, and the variations in microviscosity, obtained by fluorescence polarization, as well as those in activation energy flux, under the action of the pentoxifylline. Show more

Keywords: Microcirculation, Conjunctival angioscopy, Red cell deformability, Membrane fluidity, Pentoxifylline

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-416

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 391-398, 1988

Authors: Herrmann, K.S. | Kreuzer, H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With a contactless photochemical process, endothelial cells can be damaged and thrombogenesis is initiated in vivo. In this paper, we communicate the use of hemorheological parameters to determine formation, growth and stability of the thrombi and the effect of two drugs on some of these parameters. Blood cell velocity is monitored from the onset of the endothelial damage until the vessel is occluded by the thrombus. The resulting time/velocity curves allow to discerne three different phases of thrombus growth, an additional parameter seems to be useful to assess thrombus stability in vivo. In our model, naftidrofuryl, an antagonist of serotonin2 …receptors, is shown to have potent anti thrombotic properties in clinically relevant dosages. Show more

Keywords: Thrombosis, Animal, Naftidrofuryl, Acetylsalicylic-Acid, Cell velocity

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-417

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 399-405, 1988

Authors: Duchesne-Gueguen, M. | Durand, F. | Le Pogamp, P. | Garry, J. | Le Goff, M.-C. | Joyeux, V. | Chevet, D. | Genetet, B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte abnormalities are likely to play a role among the contributory factors to anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure, We therefore thought it of interest to study such patients’ hemorheological parameters and assess the influence of dialysis on those parameters, The present study was carried out on 71 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF): 12 non-dialysed patients (NO), 36 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD), 23 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and 40 controls, Blood samples were collected from HO patients before and after the dialysis session, and from CAPD patients at three different times: 1-Empty peritoneal cavity; …2-Two hours after infusion of an isotonic solution; 3-Two hours after infusion of a hypertonic solution, The parameters under study were erythrocyte filterability (Erythrometer, Hemorheometer), blood and plasma viscosities (LS 30), erythrocyte ATP, RBC morphology by scanning electron Microscopy, as well as hematological and biological parameters, The results revealed hemorheological disturbances in all patients as to erythrocyte filterability and plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity retaining undisturbed because of the decrease in hematocrit, It appears that treatment by dialysis improves the patients’ hemorheological parameters, especially in CAPD patients, There is no significant difference in hemorheological results of dialysed patients between before and after the hemodialysis session, nor between the various CAPD times, Dialysis treatment does not seem to amplify the hemorheological disturbances reported. Show more

Keywords: Hemorheological parameters, chronic renal failure, Dialysis treatment

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-418

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 407-414, 1988

Authors: N’Guyen, P. | Adjizian, J.C. | Toupance, O. | Jolly, D. | Brissart, A. | Petitfrere, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the influence of the type of anticoagulation (standard heparin versus LMWH K 2165 KABI) as well as the type of membrane used for hemodialysis on hemostatic and hemorheological parameters. We have tested 26 hemodialysed patients. While red blood cell deformability was markedly impaired in these patients, we have not find any effect of hemodialysis. Increase of plasmatic and whole blood viscosity were mainly due to hemoconcentration. No influence of the type of membrane was found. Low molecular weight heparin K 2165 could be used safely. The importance of hemostatic parameters and their …rheological consequences is stressed. Show more

Keywords: hemodialysis, low molecular weight heparin, erythrocytic populations, rheology, hemostasis

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-419

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 415-423, 1988

Authors: Hein, H.J. | Bauersachs, R.M. | Feinstein, E.I. | Meiselman, H.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: 35 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing thrice weekly routine hemodialysis were compared to 37 age- and sex-matched controls for rheological abnormalities. The measurements using 40% red blood cell/ plasma suspensions included the extent, rate and strength of red blood cell aggregation via a computer controlled MYRENNE aggregometer and the viscous and elastic components of the complex viscosity in an OCRD viscometer; plasma viscosity, serum proteins and fibrinogen levels were also determined. The patients exhibited significant (p < 0.01 or better) differences in 1) plasma viscosity; 2) FSAR; 3) gamma-T-min; 4) red blood cell aggregation halftime; 5) elastic component of …complex viscosity at 10, 50 and 100/sec; 6) β -globulin; 7) fibrinogen. Conversely, neither the MYRENNE aggregation index nor the zeta sedimentation ratio differed from control values (p > 0.05). For the patients, several parameters demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) correlations with fibrinogen (e.g. FSAR, gamma-T-min, halftime of aggregation, elastic component of complex viscosity). These results suggest the possibility of disturbed microcirculatory flow in uremia. Show more

Keywords: hemorheology, chronic renal failure

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-420

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 425-431, 1988

Authors: Caimi, Gregorio | Vaccaro, Francesco | Serra, Antonio | Picone, Francesco | Romano, Adele | Sarno, Antonio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In a group of subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) not yet in need of dialysis therapy we evaluated macro and microrheological determinants. From the obtained data it is evident that the whole-blood filterability as well as red cell aggregation discriminate normals from subjects with CRF. Same behaviour is present regarding the erythrocyte membrane fluidity. This parameter evaluated using fluorescence technique, distinguishes clearly normals from subjects with CRF. The datum regarding the red cell membrane fluidity suggests that in these patients a membrane structural alteration is present. This alteration seems dependent on the oxidative and lipidic metabolism that is altered …in this pathology. Show more

Keywords: Chronic renal failure, red cell membrane fluidity, whole-blood filterability, erythrocyte aggregation

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-421

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 433-437, 1988

Authors: Zachée, P. | Emonds, M.P. | Goossens, W. | Daelemans, R. | Lins, R.L. | Boogaerts, M.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Oxidative sensitivity, measured by a modified ascorbate cyanide test, GSH and 51 Cr-RBC cytotoxicity, was abnormal before the haemodialysis. This increases after 30 min. dialysis, just behind the leukocytes drop. Biocompatible dialysis membranes do attenuate this phenomenon. All are indicative of RBC scavenger function against toxic oxygen radical production in dialysis patients. Despite this abnormality, erythrocyte deformability was completely normal.

Keywords: Oxidative sensitivity, toxic oxygen radical, haemodialysis, erythrocyte deformability, scavenger

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-422

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 439-443, 1988

Authors: Seiffge, D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The sensitivity of the Single Erythrocyte Rigidometer (SER) has been improved and a new software program allows us the detailed analysis of subsequent passages. The flow of a single RBC can be differentiated into entry, transit, and exit phase. Application of stress models on RBC filtration resulted in pronounced effects of the entrance into the pore. Filtration of white blood cells increased the driving pressure gradient by a factor of more than 30 compared to RBC filtration.

Keywords: Single Erythrocyte Rigidometer

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-423

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 445-451, 1988

Authors: Koutsouris, D. | Guillet, R. | Leliévre, J.C. | Boynard, M. | Guillemin, M.T. | Bertholom, P. | Wenby, R.B. | Beuzard, Y. | Meiselman, H.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to study the concept of RBC sub-population deformability. we have developed a new system called the Cell Transit Analyser (CTA) which measures the electrical conductance change produced by cells travelling through individual cylindrical micropores. The cell’s transit time through the pore can be determined. This computer-based device provides both the mean transit time T for the entire cell population and the distribution of transit times for a large number (e.g. 2000) of cells. Initial experiments were performed with a large-scale electrical model in order to allow analysis of the electrical resistance signals. Experiments with red cells were designed …to evaluate the flow behavior of both normal cells and cells with abnormal mechanical properties (i.e. RBCs whose mechanical properties were artificially altered and cells with significant rheological abnormalities such as sickle cells). For both control and “rheologicaly abnormal” red cells, a skew distribution of transit time towards longer transit times was observed. Show more

Keywords: red blood cell, deformability, filtration, transit time

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-424

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 453-459, 1988

Authors: Herrmann, T. | Gremillet, E. | Juge, J. | Champailler, A. | Rusch, P. | Healy, J.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Among the factors affecting oxygen supply to the tissues, red blood cells’ transit time through the microcirculation occupies an important place. Now, this transit time depends on two essential parameters: 1- the erythrocytes’ rheological properties; 2- the haemodynamic conditions existing locally in vivo. Therefore, lonely measurements of red blood cells’ deformability by in vitro methods do not allow a complete survey of microcirculatory status. We describe a new non invasive method providing quantitative characteristics of the distribution of red blood cells’ transit time through the cerebral microcirculation. This technique has been used in a clinical trial and has given objective …criteria of Nafronyl’s (LIPHA Company - France) efficacy in elderly’s vascular dementia. Show more

Keywords: Red cell transit time, cerebral microcirculation, red cell rheology, oxygen supply

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-425

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 461-466, 1988

Authors: Stuart, J. | Keidan, A.J. | Stone, P.C.W. | Sowter, M.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Intracellular dehydration is a feature of older erythrocytes which thus have a higher mean cell haemoglobin concentration and can be separated by density-gradient fractionation. Studies of fractionated erythrocytes have demonstrated rheological and haematological heterogeneity with the denser cells showing multiple rheological abnormalities. Sickle cells are particularly heterogeneous with the denser sub-populations having a dominant rheological effect. Rheological methods should take this heterogeneity into account by analysis of erythrocyte sub-populations after density-gradient fractionation or by using instruments that measure the rheology of single cells. Such techniques are of particular importance in studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of sickle-cell disease.

Keywords: Rheology, Erythrocyte deformability, Erythrocyte sub-populations

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-426

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 467-475, 1988

Authors: Franzini, E. | Moutard Martin, F. | Thao Chan, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The main studies in Clinical Haemorheology have been performed on the red cell. However, rheologists and clinicians recently began to analyze the leukocyte behaviour in microcirculation. Our study carried out the evaluation of the leukocyte deformation and the effects of an hemorheological drug (pentoxifylline) by a simple filtration method. Two subpopulations were taken into account : mononuclears and granulocytes. Different physical factors (pressure, number of cells, pore diameter) were assessed in order to find out the optimum conditions for studying the leukocyte filterability. The granulocyte population seems to be more rigid (Igranu = 3.33 ± 0.85 N = 10) …as compared to the monocyte population (Imono = 3.01 ± 0.74 N = 9) for 3 000 G/L. The incubation of these fractions with pentoxifylline (7.10−4 M) for one or two hours at 37° C showed that pentoxifylline does improve the leukocyte filterability significantly for an average of 17 %. Show more

Keywords: Leukocytes, Filterability, Pentoxifylline

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-427

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 477-484, 1988

Authors: Franzini, E. | Driss, F. | Darcet, Ph. | Driss, Fr. | Daoud, F. | Thao Chan, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte Deformability (ED) was investigated by a Cell Transit-time Analyser (CTA) in three populations: elderly subjects, liver diseases patients and controls. Different conditions of measures were evaluated: anticoagulants (EDTA and heparin), buffers (PBS and tris), temperatures (25° C and 37° C), and different pressures. The CTA analysed the deformability of individual cell passing through 5 um pores of a polycarbonate filter (Oligopore) under a low hydrostatic pressure. This method showed that E.D. was lower in elderly and in liver diseases groups than in the control group. Several fractions of less deformable red cells, as regard to their transit-times through the filter, …were detected by the CTA. By contrast, red cells from controls group didn’t present these subpopulations. Show more

Keywords: Erythrocyte Deformability, CTA, transit time, subpopulations

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-428

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 485-492, 1988

Authors: Franzini, E. | Driss, F. | Driss, Fr. | Daoud, F. | Darcet, Ph. | Thao Chan, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Erythrocyte deformability (E.D.) was investigated by two filtration techniques: the Hanss’hemorheometer and the Cell Transit Time Analyzer (CTA) in elderly subjects and in subjects with liver diseases. Unlike the hemorheometer, the CTA technique is in a position to analyze the deformability of each red cell passing through 5 µm pores of a polycarbonate filter (Oligopore) under a low hydrostatic pressure. Both methods showed that E.D. was lower in the elderly group and in the liver diseases group than in the control group. Another characteristic of the CTA is to detect a few fractions of less deformable red cells.

Keywords: CTA, Erythrocyte Deformability, red cell subpopulations

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-429

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 493-499, 1988

Authors: Yarnell, J.W.G. | Sweetnam, P.M. | Hutton, R.D. | Davies, M.E. | Elwood, P.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Two community studies were set up to examine among other objectives, laboratory tests predictive of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Over 2,000 middle-aged men were examined in each community in South Wales (Caerphilly) and the West of England (Speedwell, Bristol). Plasma viscosity was associated with age, smoking habit and existing cases of IHD. Preliminary incidence data indicated that plasma viscosity was significantly increased in subjects who died subsequently from IHD over a four year period of follow-up. Whole blood viscosity measurements were made on a systematic sub-sample of the Caerphilly population. Preliminary results from the first 297 men showed significant associations …between existing cases of IHD and certain calculated indices from the ‘rheological profiles’ carried out for each subject. These analyses provide encouragement for this technique but analysis of larger data sets which are being collected is required to clarify these relationships. Show more

Keywords: viscosity, ischaemic heart disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-430

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 501-506, 1988

Authors: Ernst, E. | Koenig, W. | Matrai, A. | Keil, U.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As part of a population survey for cardiovascular risk factors, plasma viscosity and hemoglobin were measured in 4022 individuals aged 25 – 64 years. The results show that there is no age- or sex-dependency of plasma viscosity in healthy participants; while hemoglobin shows the well known sex difference. In contrast, plasma viscosity increases with age in the total population. Plasma viscosity in women is elevated in hypercholesterolemia and in obesity. In men it is increased in hypercholesterolemia, untreated hypertension and in smoking participants. Hemoglobin is elevated in women who smoke and is not increased in the presence of any risk …factor in men. The results confirm clinical trials showing hemorheological deficits in cardiovascular risk factors. Thus the hypothesis of a link between blood rheology and cardiovascular risk is strengthened. Show more

Keywords: epidemiology, cardiovascular risk factors, plasma viscosity, hemoglobin

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-431

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 507-515, 1988

Authors: Lowe, G.D.O. | Smith, W.C.S. | Tunstall-Pedoe, H.D. | Crombie, I.K. | Lennie, S.E. | Anderson, J. | Barbenel, J.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, haematocrit and fibrinogen were measured in 1260 men and women aged 25–64 years in the West of Scotland and related to cardiovascular ar risk factors. Blood viscosity and haematocrit were higher in men than women; there was no sex difference in plasma viscosity or fibrinogen. In both sexes, blood viscosity increased with smoking, age, blood pressure, body mass index and serum total cholesterol. In general, these correlations were stronger for blood viscosity than for haematocrit, plasma viscosity or fibrinogen. The data are consistent with a role for blood viscosity in cardiovascular disease, and will be related …to prevalent and incident disease. Show more

Keywords: blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, ischaemic heart disease

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-432

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 517-524, 1988

Authors: Bonithon-Kopp, C. | Scarabin, P.Y. | Malmejac, A. | Thao-Chan, M. | Chrétien, J.M. | Spriet, A. | Guize, L.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Menopause-related changes in hemorheological parameters were assessed in 129 healthy women aged 45–54 years undergoing a routine health examination. Menopausal status was confirmed by hormonal measurements. There were no significant differences in blood cell filterability, erythrocytes rigidity index and haematocrit between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, postmenopausal women had higher plasma viscosity than premenopausal women and the increase in plasma viscosity could not be explained by a weak but not significant rise in fibrinogen in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that menopausal changes in blood rheology are due to plasma viscosity rather than to blood cell filterability or red cell …deformability and may somewhat contribute to the increased risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Show more

Keywords: Blood rheology, menopause, epidemiology

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-433

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 525-531, 1988

Authors: Ehrly, A.M.

Article Type: Announcement

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-434

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 533-537, 1988

Authors: Ernst, E.

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/CH-1988-83-435

Citation: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 539-542, 1988