Fundamenta Informaticae - Volume 90, issue 3

Authors: Wang, Yingxu | Zhang, Du | Tsumoto, Shusaku

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cognitive Informatics is a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research area that tackles the fundamental problems shared by modern informatics, computing, software engineering, AI, cybernetics, cognitive science, neuropsychology, medical science, systems science, philosophy, linguistics, economics, management science, and life sciences. This editorial introduces the emerging field of cognitive informatics and its applications in cognitive computing, abstract intelligence, computational mathematics, and computational intelligence. The themes and structure of this special issue on …cognitive informatics are described, and then, focuses of the selected papers in this special issue are highlighted. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive informatics, natural intelligence, cognitive computing, abstract intelligence, artificial intelligence, neural informatics, denotational mathematics, computational intelligence

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0014

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. i-vii, 2009

Authors: Wang, Yingxu | Kinsner, Witold | Anderson, James A. | Zhang, Du | Yao, Yiyu | Sheu, Philip | Tsai, Jeffrey | Pedrycz, Witold | Latombe, Jean-Claude | Zadeh, Lotfi A. | Patel, Dilip | Chan, Christine

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cognitive informatics (CI) is the transdisciplinary enquiry of cognitive and information sciences that investigates into the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, and their engineering applications via an interdisciplinary approach. CI develops a coherent set of fundamental theories and denotational mathematics, which form the foundation for most information and knowledge based science and engineering disciplines such as computer science, cognitive science, neuropsychology, systems science, cybernetics, software …engineering, knowledge engineering, and computational intelligence. This paper reviews the central doctrine of CI and its applications. The theoretical framework of CI is described on the architecture of CI and its denotational mathematic means. A set of theories and formal models of CI is presented in order to explore the natural and computational intelligence. A wide range of applications of CI are described in the areas of cognitive computers, cognitive properties of knowledge, simulations of human cognitive behaviors, cognitive complexity of software, autonomous agent systems, and computational intelligence. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive informatics, natural intelligence, brain and mind, cognitive psychology, cognitive computing, software engineering, knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence, neural informatics, abstract intelligence, cognitive science, denotational mathematics, cognitive computing, cybernetics, computational intelligence, autonomous agent systems

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0015

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 203-228, 2009

Authors: ten Bosch, Louis | Boves, Lou | Van Hamme, Hugo | Moore, Roger K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss a computational model that is able to detect and build word-like representations on the basis of sensory input. The model is designed and tested with a further aim to investigate how infants may learn to communicate by means of spoken language. The computational model makes use of a memory, a perception module, and the concept of 'learning drive'. Learning takes place within a communicative loop between a 'caregiver' and the 'learner'. …Experiments carried out on three European languages with different genetic background (Finnish, Swedish, and Dutch) show that a robust word representation can be learned in using less than 100 acoustic tokens (examples) of that word. The model is inspired by the memory structure that is assumed functional for human cognitive processing. Show more

Keywords: I5 pattern recognition, J5 arts and humanities, F5 theory of computation, miscellaneous (cognitive modelling)

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0016

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 229-249, 2009

Authors: Tsumoto, Shusaku | Hirano, Shoji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper analyzes pearson residuals, which is an important element of chi-square test statistic, in a contingency table from the viewpoint of matrix theory as follows. First, a given contingency table is viewed as a matrix and the residual of each element in a matrix are obtained as the difference bewteen observed values and expected values calculated by marginal distributions. Then, each residual σ_{ij} is decomposed into the linear sum of the 2 × …2 subderminants of a original matrix, except for i-th column and j-th row. Furthermore, the number of the determinants is equal to the degree of freedom for the chi-square test statistic for a given contingency table. Thus, 2 × 2 subdeterminants in a contingencymatrix determine the degree of statistical independence of two attributes as elementary granules. Show more

Keywords: Contingency Table, Chi-square Distribution, Matrix Theory

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0017

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 251-267, 2009

Authors: Peng, Jun | Zhang, Du | Liao, Xiaofeng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Using Chaotic characteristics of dynamic system is a promising direction to design cryptosystems that play a pivotal role in a very important engineering application of cognitive informatics, i.e., information assurance and security. However, encryption algorithms based on the lowdimensional chaotic maps face a potential risk of the keystream being reconstructed via return map technique or neural network method. In this paper, we propose a new digital image encryption algorithm that employs a hyper-chaotic cellular neural …network. To substantiate its security characteristics, we conduct the following security analyses of the proposed algorithm: key space analysis, sensitivity analysis, information entropy analysis and correlation coefficients analysis of adjacent pixels. The results demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm has desirable security properties and can be deployed as a cornerstone in a sound security cryptosystem. The comparison of the proposed algorithm with five other chaos-based image encryption algorithms indicates that our algorithm has a better security performance. Show more

Keywords: Image encryption, cellular neural network, chaotic systems, security

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0018

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 269-282, 2009

Authors: Wang, Yingxu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The abstract, rigorous, and expressive needs in cognitive informatics, intelligence science, software science, and knowledge science lead to new forms of mathematics collectively known as denotational mathematics. Denotational mathematics is a category of expressive mathematical structures that deals with high level mathematical entities beyond numbers and sets, such as abstract objects, complex relations, behavioral information, concepts, knowledge, processes, and systems. Denotational mathematics is usually in the form of abstract algebra that is …a branch of mathematics in which a system of abstract notations is adopted to denote relations of abstract mathematical entities and their algebraic operations based on given axioms and laws. Four paradigms of denotational mathematics, known as concept algebra, system algebra, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), and Visual Semantic Algebra (VSA), are introduced in this paper. Applications of denotational mathematics in cognitive informatics and computational intelligence are elaborated. Denotational mathematics is widely applicable to model and manipulate complex architectures and behaviors of both humans and intelligent systems, as well as long chains of inference processes. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive informatics, denotational mathematics, concept algebra, system algebra, process algebra, RTPA, visual semantic algebra, intelligence science, AI, computational intelligence, software engineering, knowledge engineering, cognitive computing, case studies

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0019

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 283-303, 2009

Authors: Llana, Luis | Núuñez, Manuel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The language RTPA, Real Time Process Algebra, has been created to enable rigorous treatment of knowledge representation and manipulation in terms of to be I to have / to do in a formal and coherent framework. This language has been designed to cope with the three dimensions involved in the problem of software specification: (i) mathematical operations, (ii) event/process timing, and (iii) memory manipulation. In this paper we focus on giving a testing semantics to the …second dimension: Process timing dimension. First, we will provide a SOS like operational semantics for the process relations of RTPA. Next, we will define what a test is and we will introduce a relation based on which tests are passed by processes. Finally, we will obtain an operational characterization that can be used as a first step to define a denotational sematics sound and complete with respect the testing semantics. Show more

Keywords: RTPA, real time process algebra, testing semantics

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0020

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 305-335, 2009

Authors: Kamandi, Ali | Habibi, Jafar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Modeling languages are needed to describe the conceptual construct underlying software. Several modeling languages have been proposed during the last decades. Cognitive complexity is one of the common problems in designing modeling languages. Users have to split their attention and cognitive resources between two different tasks when working with complex language: solving the problem and understanding the elements composing the language. Several researches have been accomplished to evaluate cognitive complexity of modeling …languages, among them, metric based and empirical approaches aremore important and convenient than others. In this paper, we compared these two methods. Results show that there is no significant relation between outputs generated by these approaches. Show more

Keywords: modeling language engineering, cognitive complexity, empirical study, metrics

DOI: 10.3233/FI-2009-0021

Citation: Fundamenta Informaticae, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 337-352, 2009