Electromagnetic wave representation as a superposition of the quantized vector potential field of single photons

Issue title: 20th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics

Guest editors: Theodoros Theodoulidis, Christos Antonopoulos, Nikolaos Kantartzis, Ioannis Rekanos and Theodoros Zygiridis

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Meis, Constantin^a;

Affiliations: [a] National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France E-mail: [email protected]

Correspondence: [*] E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Without stating postulates or advancing any hypothesis, we show that a physical representation for the photon results directly from Maxwell’s theory once the vector potential amplitude is normalized at a single photon level. Electromagnetic waves are composed of a superposition of single photon states with circular polarizations, each extended over a wavelength and occupying a specific quantization volume. This representation is valid at any frequency and consequently can be applied for the modeling of advanced devices ranging from X-Rays and UV applications to fiber optics, microwave antennas and radio waves emitters.

Keywords: Electromagnetic waves, photons, quantized vector potential field, electromagnetic field

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220111

Journal: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 71, no. S1, pp. S57-S63, 2023