Work - Volume 69, issue 2

Authors: Jacobs, Karen

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213481

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 323-323, 2021

Authors: Tifa, Ivory

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213482

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 325-326, 2021

Authors: Malekpour, Fatemeh | Ebrahimi, Hossein | Yarahmadi, Rasoul | Mohammadin, Yousef | Kharghani Moghadam, Seyed Melika | Soltanpour, Zahra

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to the coronavirus (COVID-19) in industrial workplaces has caused concerns all over the world. Implementation of prevention measures is the best solution for protection of workers’ health. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated prevention measures and risk factors for the COVID-19 infection in Iranian small, medium, and large industries. METHODS: This study was conducted on 349 occupational health, safety, and environment professionals working in different industries. Data was collected using a checklist of prevention measures for COVID-19 and a questionnaire of risk factors for the infection. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that 32.60% of …industries reported positive cases of COVID-19. The mean of prevention measures in all the dimensions, except use of personal protective equipment (PPE), was in favorable status. Among prevention measures against COVID-19, the dimensions of education, engineering controls, use of PPE, use of hand washing soap and disinfectant, and physical distance were not significantly different among small, medium, and large industries. However, administrative controls were statistically lower in small and medium industries compared to the large industries. Moreover, screening was statistically lower in small industries than in large industries. The mean risk factors of ventilation, use of common tools and equipment, and physical distance as well as total risk factors were not statistically different among different industries. CONCLUSION: Workers are at risk of COVID-19 infection. The risk factors of ventilation, sharing tools and equipment, and physical distance are critical in classification of risk of infection with COVID-19 in industrial settings. Show more

Keywords: Control, industry, infection, risk, coronavirus

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205045

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 327-330, 2021

Authors: Wadhen, Vipin | Cartwright, Tina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 and its associated measures has resulted in a sizeable working population transitioning to working from home (WFH), bringing additional challenges, and increasing work-related stress. Research has indicated that yoga has promising potential in reducing stress in the workplace. However, there are very few studies exploring the impact of online streamed yoga on stress management for people-WFH. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and outcome of an online streamed yoga intervention on stress and wellbeing of people-WFH during COVID-19. METHODS: A six-week pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) yoga intervention was designed with yoga …(n  = 26) and a wait-list control group (n  = 26). A mixed two-way ANOVA was used to assess changes in standardised outcome measures at baseline and post-intervention. Likert and open-ended questions assessed enjoyment, acceptability and perceived benefits of the program, which were analysed thematically. RESULTS: Compared with the control, the yoga group reported significant improvements in perceived stress, mental wellbeing, depression and coping self-efficacy, but not stress and anxiety. Participants experienced physical and mental health benefits and reported high acceptability and enjoyment of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: An online yoga intervention can help people WFH manage stress and enhance wellbeing and coping abilities. Show more

Keywords: Web-based, mind-body, mental-health, pandemic, remote-working

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205325

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 331-349, 2021

Authors: Al Attar, Wesam Saleh A. | Husain, Mohamed A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiotherapists are required to recognize their role in managing patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), and to adopt preventive measures to limit transmission of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the perception, knowledge, and application of the preventive measures taken by physiotherapists in managing issues with confirmed or suspected patients suffering from COVID-19. METHODS: A self-administered survey comprising 15 questions was divided into four sections related to precautions when interacting with patients with COVID-19: (1) knowledge of the physiotherapy role, (2) knowledge of preventive measures to limit transmission of the virus, …(3) practicing these measures, and (4) managing patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 456 physiotherapists from 139 countries participated in the study. Most physiotherapists were knowledgeable regarding their role in the management of COVID-19 patients (M  = 94.3%; SD = 15.4) and the management of potential COVID-19 patients (M  = 84.5%; SD = 20.1). The rating of knowledge and practices of preventive measures to limit transmission of COVID-19 were lower (M  = 74.3%; SD = 25.7, and M  = 62.5%; SD = 31.3, respectively). Participants from the European region (M  = 83; SD = 15.8) had a higher score than participants from the Asia Western Pacific region (M  = 78; SD = 18.49; P  = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Physiotherapists are highly knowledgeable about their role in managing COVID-19 patients. Most of them are adopting preventive measures to limit the transmission of the disease. Yet, physiotherapists are required to enroll in medical education, training and infection control workshops and courses to remain updated with the recent advances in such fields. Show more

Keywords: Health risk, viral transmission, disease control, infectious disease, SARS-CoV-2

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210049

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 351-358, 2021

Authors: Ali, Saqib | Alam, Beenish Fatima | Noreen, Sara | Anwar, Madiha | Qazi, Sabeen Hashmat | Hussain, Talib

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected economies all over the world. The ability of an organization to grow is heavily influenced by job satisfaction and employee motivation. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the factors affecting employee motivation and job satisfaction among medical and dental college faculty members in Pakistan, both in the private and public sector, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Medical and dental college faculty in Pakistan comprised the sample for this multi-centric cross-sectional study. A questionnaire, which was modified from an existing study, was distributed electronically. A student’s independent t -test was applied to …compare the mean scores of the responses from public and private sector employees. RESULTS: Of the 466 total respondents, 55 %were female and 45 %male. Public sector faculty reported receiving adequate resources and preferred online teaching. Both public and private sector faculty reported being satisfied with regular workshops and training. Private sector employees demonstrated more satisfaction with workplace safety measures. Public sector faculty highlighted the positive influence of job security and timely salary payments on productivity. CONCLUSION: Faculty members from both the public and private sector find working from home to be easier and better for handling one’s workload. Public sector faculty noted job security, timely salary payments, and an individual’s sense of achievement as sources of motivation. Private institutes are more lacking in ensuring their faculty feel content and satisfied. Measures should be undertaken to improve the level of motivation felt by faculty members, especially in the private sector. Show more

Keywords: Incentive, contentment, employees, pandemic, teaching

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213483

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 359-366, 2021

Authors: Sy, Michael P. | Martinez, Pauline Gail V. | Twinley, Rebecca

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The desire to be physically beautiful is inherent among human beings. In particular, some women who participate in modern-day beauty pageants tend to spend more time, energy, money and emotional resources to alter their natural body and looks to fit socially and culturally constructed standards of beauty. OBJECTIVE: The authors frame beauty pageants as the context where diverse occupations are at play with the purpose of becoming a ‘beauty queen’. This commentary aims to discuss the origins and culture of beauty pageants, the different perspectives on pageantry work, and essential and hidden occupations performed within the context …of this form of performing art. APPROACH: Using the conceptual lens of the dark side of occupation, hidden occupations are characterised by the doings of pageant hopefuls that are less explored and acknowledged because they are perceived as health-compromising, risky, dishonest, illicit, and socially or personally undesirable. CONCLUSION: Furthermore, this commentary calls for the exploration of occupations beyond the conventional scope of its understanding and the acknowledgment of hidden occupations intertwined into people’s everyday doings specifically in the context of desiring to be ‘beautiful’. Show more

Keywords: Performing arts, occupational science, hidden, health compromising, work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205055

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 367-377, 2021

Authors: Dekker, Marijke C. | van Egmond, René | Molenbroek, Johan F.M. | Vink, Peter

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Former studies on work-related upper limb disorders (WRULD) within university education report substantial prevalence rates. In this study, developments in WRULD amongst students in the period 2004–2014 were investigated. Our findings can be a benchmark for future studies, in particular when there are major societal changes as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: Differences in time (academic year), how long students have been studying (year of studying), relations with computer time and societal changes were points of interest. METHODS: 2254 students (average age 20.0 years) responded to a questionnaire on WRULD. Students experiencing …complaints were further questioned about the severity of complaints and associated body locations. RESULTS: The average percentage of students experiencing complaints was 57%. The highest prevalence rates and severity scores were found in the first and last recorded academic years. The neck, shoulder, back and wrist were most often indicated. The prevalence of complaints raised from the 1st (49%) to the 4th (75%) year of studying. Two seriousness measures showed highest scores in the 5th/6th/7th year of studying. Relations were found between both the prevalence and seriousness of complaints with reported computer time. CONCLUSIONS: After an initial decreasing trend from the academic year 2006/2007 to 2010/2011 there was an increase in WRULD amongst students from 2010/2011 to 2013/2014. Limiting financial and study time factors may have played a role. Structural attention for WRULD prevention and risk factors seems to be effective in reducing prevalence and severity of WRULD. This seems to be even more necessary due to recent COVID-related changes in the students’ lives. Show more

Keywords: RSI, MSD, prevalence, seriousness, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213484

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 379-394, 2021

Authors: Steeves, Darren

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many employers are turning to training programs to help them cope or flourish in life. Many programs on the market have not been validated. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effect building awareness and skill development can have on sustaining high resilience within a group of employees. METHODS: 524 participants completed the 44 itemed Q-Life assessment. A CFA model was conducted to determine whether the Q-Life score, adequately describes the data. 116 employees signed up to the Q-Life experience with 64 completing all requirements. RESULTS: The RMSEA index was less than 0.08, …RMSEA = 0.07, 90%CI = [0.07, 0.07], which is indicative of a good model fit. The mean of score for resilience on the first test (M  = 249.91) was significantly lower than the mean of post-test (M  = 264.91). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the model demonstrated acceptable fit to the data and can be used as an assessment tool for the Q-Life. The Q-Life experience showed significant improvement in resilience. Show more

Keywords: Flourishing, thriving, wellbeing, stress-management, assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213485

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 395-401, 2021

Authors: O’Connell, Dennis G. | Cooper, Kimberly A. | Richeson, Shelby M. | Moeller, Mathilde B. | Stephens, Jason W. | Key, DeAndre J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Novice nurses, occupational and physical therapist’s injury rates are alarming. OBJECTIVE: To test for differences in peak elbow flexion forces (PEFF) by profession using different forearm positions. METHODS: Entry-level RN, OT, and PT students performed 3-repetitions of standing PEFF in forearm supination, pronation, and neutral. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA determined the forearm position with the greatest PEFF. A one-way ANOVA assessed differences in PEFF between professions. The alpha level was set at p ≤0.05 for all analyses. RESULTS: Thirty 30 RN, 25 OT, and 30 PT students (x  = 23.27 + /–3.29 yrs.) were studied. …A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference in PEFF between positions (F (2,168) = 144.3, p  < 0.0001). A significant (p  < 0.0001) pairwise comparison revealed neutral produced the greatest (28.15 + /–12.64 kg) and pronation the least PEFF (17.27 + /–7.40). PEFF was significantly different between position by profession (supination: F (2,82) = 10.14, p  < 0.0001; pronation: F (2,82) = 10.33, p  < 0.0001; neutral: F (2,82) = 13.39, p  < 0.0001). PTs were significantly stronger than OTs and RN students in all forearm positions (p  < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Neutral PEFF was greatest and PT students demonstrated greater PEFF than OT and RN students. Show more

Keywords: Health professional, lift, functional strength

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213486

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 403-409, 2021

Authors: Meunier, Sophie | de Montigny, Francine | Zeghiche, Sabrina | Lalande, Dominique | Verdon, Chantal | Da Costa, Deborah | Feeley, Nancy

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Perinatal loss affects many parents in the workforce. Yet, current knowledge about their workplace experience while facing this difficult event is sparse. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to review and synthesize the extent of scientific literature on the specific experiences of workers coping with perinatal loss and the resulting bereavement. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out using eight different databases. A total of 15 references, all using a qualitative methodology, were identified. RESULTS: Most of the references focused on the experience of mothers and on late perinatal loss (from the …20th week of pregnancy). All references highlighted the taboo and the non-recognition of perinatal grief and bereavement in both organizational practices and interpersonal relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisors. They also emphasized the difficulties associated with returning to work after the loss and the significant changes in the meaning attributed to work. CONCLUSIONS: While the studies included in this review clearly indicate that perinatal loss can affect working life, larger, quantitative studies are needed to quantify this phenomenon and its impact on employees and their organizations. Show more

Keywords: Miscarriage, stillbirth, grief, bereavement, workers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213487

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 411-421, 2021

Authors: Sundar, Vidya | Brucker, Debra

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: People’s work life and career can ultimately be deconstructed to the day-to-day job tasks they perform, the people they interact with, and the value and meaning attached to their jobs. Individuals with work limitations and disabilities consistently experience disparities in the workplace resulting in a less than optimal work experience in all three areas. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to conduct a pilot study to test the effectiveness of job crafting as an occupational therapy (OT) intervention strategy for workers with health conditions and impairments. Job crafting is a proactive, strengths-based, bottom-up approach where workers …renegotiate and redefine their job tasks in a personally meaningful way. METHODS: A mixed-methods study (n  = 11) was conducted with workers who experience work limitations and disabilities. OT graduate students conducted in-depth interviews and facilitated the use of job crafting to improve work-related outcomes. Pre-and post-intervention data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Qualitative data was transcribed, coded, and synthesized. RESULTS: The job crafting intervention improved work-related self-efficacy (p  < 0.05) and crafting behaviors (p  < 0.05) in the workplace. Participants accomplished goals to manage their work limitations, meet job demands, and other non-disability related challenges. CONCLUSIONS: Job crafting has the potential to be used as a holistic OT intervention strategy to improve work-related self-efficacy among workers with work limitations and disabilities Show more

Keywords: Employment, workplace, disabled persons, self-efficacy, work engagement, coaching

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213488

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 423-438, 2021

Authors: Lancman, Selma | Barroso, Bárbara Iansã de Lima

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The problem of illnesses, sick leave and the necessary return to work and permanence at work has been determining the development of different protocols and professional rehabilitation programs in different countries. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify articles that address programs for professional rehabilitation and the return to work of people laid off due to mental health problems, and to verify the results of professional rehabilitation programs and the follow-up processes for such return. METHOD: A systematic review was performed according to the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The …serial search of the articles was carried out in the electronic databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus. The variations in the descriptors served to find a greater range of significant results for the research. RESULTS: In total, 2,306 articles were found. Another two articles that met the inclusion criteria were located through manual searches, adding up to a total of 2,308. Applying the exclusion criteria resulted in a final data set of 47 peer-reviewed articles. CONCLUSIONS: The issues involving return to work and permanence in work were complex and multifaceted in the research articles studied. Recovery from Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) is a major cause of long-term sick leave and the granting of disability benefits. Many people with these diagnoses remain employed; however, further studies are needed with women, workers with fragile relationships, and immigrants. Show more

Keywords: Sick leave, work rehabilitation, sickness absence, work ability, PRISMA

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213489

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 439-448, 2021

Authors: McKinney, Ellen | Morris, Kristen | Wu, Yingying | Griffin, Linsey | Sokolowski, Susan | Carufel, Robin | Park, Juyeon

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inadequately fitting turnout coats and pants hamper mobility and safety of firewomen. Previous research has established that firewomen are dissatisfied with their turnout coats and pants. Yet, there has been minimal in-depth research into the specific fit problems and consequences of these problems on the workplace health of firewomen. OBJECTIVE: The researchers sought to uncover common fit problems firewomen have with turnout coats and pants, and their impact on mobility and safety while performing work. METHODS: The researchers performed a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews of 35 firewomen. RESULTS: The study illuminated specific …fit problems firewomen have with their turnout coats and pants. These fit challenges include challenges with the overall proportions of the turnout coats and pants as well as issues of length and how the turnout coats and pants fit around their body (circumference), leading to concerns about mobility and safety. CONCLUSIONS: This study builds an understanding of specific fit problems on the ability of firewomen to do their challenging work in a safe and stress-free manner. Firewomen’s protective apparel should protect and empower all firewomen. To adequately protect firewomen, manufactures should prioritize the implementation of these findings to improve the safety and mobility that firewomen’s turnout coats and pants offer them. Show more

Keywords: Turnout gear, firefighter, protective equipment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213490

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 449-464, 2021

Authors: Sousa, Joana Pereira | Oliveira, Cláudia | Pais-Vieira, Miguel

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with heart failure often have difficulty recognizing signs and symptoms of the disease, which delays seeking help, and therefore interferes with patient engagement and self-care management. Early detection of these symptoms could lead to care-seeking and avoid hospitalizations. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to design a complex intervention through a systematic literature review and qualitative study. METHODS: Our design followed the Medical Research Council’s recommendations. To design a complex intervention, we combined a systematic literature review on education, symptom recognition, and self-care management in patients with heart failure, and semi-structured interviews with …cardiology healthcare providers and patients with heart failure admitted to a cardiology ward. RESULTS: The systematic literature review identified 582 studies published between 2005 and 2014, of which four were included in the final review. These suggested that patient education focused on symptom recognition, combined with reinforcements, led to better self-care behaviors. Additionally, content analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed three themes: health management, behavior management, and support received. CONCLUSIONS: Combining the findings of the literature review and the themes that emerged from the semi-structured interviews, we proposed the development and implementation of a complex intervention on symptom perception and fluid management. Show more

Keywords: Heart failure, self-management, symptom recognition, complex intervention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213491

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 465-473, 2021

Authors: Martins, Emília | Fernandes, Rosina | Mendes, Francisco | Magalhães, Cátia | Araújo, Patrícia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The health-related quality of life construct (QoL) implies a relationship with eating habits (EA) and physical activity (PA). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables (gender, age and Body Mass Index - BMI) are highlighted in the definition of healthy lifestyle habits promotion strategies. OBJECTIVE: We aim to characterize and relate PA, EA and QoL in children/youth and explore gender, age and BMI influences. METHODS: It is a non-experimental study, with 337 children/youth, ages between 8 and 17 years (12.61±2.96), mostly from the rural inland of Portugal. In data collection we used a sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaire, a …weekly register table of EA and Kid-Kindl (QoL). Statistical analysis (p  < 0.05) were performed in SPSS-IBM 25. RESULTS: Lower BMI was associated with better EA (p  < 0.001), PA (p  < 0.05) and self-esteem (p  < 0.01) and worse scores on family subscale of QoL. Female showed higher fruit intake (p  < 0.05). The older has shown better results. PA is positively correlated with QoL (p  < 0.01) and EA (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to explore other relevant social and family dimensions, to promote intervention programs with parents, school and community, as well as healthy practices policies. The intervention in these age groups is critical for a longer-term impact in improving healthy life habits. Show more

Keywords: Eating habits, exercise, general well-being, childhood/adolescence

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213492

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 475-484, 2021

Authors: Mongeau, S. | Lightfoot, N. | MacEwan, L. | Eger, T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Workers who suffered a workplace injury and submitted a claim with the compensation board in Ontario often faced economic and non-economic costs that provoked depressive feelings, family strain, financial strain, and feelings of diminished self-worth. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative descriptive study aimed to understand the perceived gaps and failures associated with the support systems (e.g., union, compensation and employer) that were in place to assist some male underground workers in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, who had suffered a workplace injury and had a compensation claim. METHODS: Twelve in-depth, in-person, individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were …transcribed verbatim and anonymized at the time of transcription. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s guidelines for thematic analysis. RESULTS: Themes that emerged include: unfair and inadequate recognition of an injury; limited communication with stakeholders involved with their claim, including claim adjudicators, challenges when returning to work, and compensation claim system barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Cooperation, collaboration, knowledge transfer, and decreased power imbalances could help to reduce the economic and non-economic strain felt by a worker with an injury. Additionally, a government-funded third-party advocate who knows the medical system, union contracts, the workers’ compensation system, and employer policies and practices could act on behalf of an injured worker. Show more

Keywords: Occupational injury, underground workers, employer, qualitative descriptive, mining, return-to-work, Ontario

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213493

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 485-495, 2021

Authors: Kalemaki, Katerin

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213494

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 497-497, 2021

Authors: Liu, Zhe | King, Malizia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For family caregivers, sudden stroke events and heavy caring works are stressful events. At present, controversies about the factors affecting caregivers’ stress response and their correlation with coping styles still exist. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors and coping styles of mental health stress responses of stroke caregivers and promote caregivers to adopt positive coping styles for diseases and caring works. METHODS: The convenience sampling method is used to select stroke caregivers as the research objects. The general information questionnaires, Relative Stress Scale (RSS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Positive and …Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) are utilized for investigation. RESULTS: 205 valid questionnaires are returned. Analysis suggests that the influential factors of mental health stress responses of stroke caregivers include the course of the disease, the impact of the disease on economic conditions, obligation to take care of other family members, understanding of stroke-associated diseases, and whether the patient is at risk. Social support and self-efficacy are negatively correlated with stress responses, while negative coping style is significantly positively correlated with stress responses. CONCLUSIONS: By increasing social support and self-efficacy, medical workers can guide stroke caregivers to take positive coping styles, thereby reducing their mental health stress responses. Show more

Keywords: Stroke caregivers, mental health, stress response, social expense, coping style

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213495

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 499-513, 2021

Authors: Yu, Dongchao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: College freshmen, as a special group who are far away from their parents and begin to study and live independently, will face psychological stress in adaption to the college life, which may affect their working and living conditions in the university and even after entering the society if not solved reasonably. Hence, it is necessary to explore how to relieve the psychological stress of freshmen. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the intervention effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on social psychological stress of freshmen under different demographic variables. METHODS: 108 freshmen of Northeast Agricultural University …were divided into the experimental group and control group. The correlation between psychological stress and impulse, self-esteem, and loneliness was analyzed using structural equation model and multiple regression. The experimental group received group training for one month, while the control group did not accept any intervention. The Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) Scale, Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), and Interpersonal Efficacy Scale (IES) were used to score students before and after activities and three months after activities. The relevant information was collected for students’ self-evaluation and the evaluation results from group teachers. RESULTS: The subjects’ social psychological stress was positively correlated with loneliness and unplanned impulse, and negatively correlated with self-esteem (P  < 0.001); the IAS and FNE scores of the experimental group after test were greatly lower than those of the control group, while the scores of affinity efficacy, communication efficacy, and emotional control were greatly higher than those of the control group (P  < 0.05); the tracking IAS and FNE scores of the experimental group were greatly lower than those of the control group, while the scores of affinity efficacy, self-impression efficacy, communication efficacy, and emotional control were greatly higher than those of the control group (P  < 0.05). All students in the experimental group were satisfied with the cognitive behavioral group training. Under the positive guidance of the team teacher, the students’ psychological stress was released. CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive behavior group training based on impulse, self-esteem, and loneliness can effectively improve the affinity efficacy, self-impression efficacy, communication efficacy, and negative evaluation fear of freshmen, which is instrumental in easing the psychological stress of students and can maintain long-term effects. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive behaviour therapy, cognitive behaviour group training, social psychological stress, IAS, affinity efficacy

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213496

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 515-529, 2021

Authors: Chen, Yu | Sto, Chloe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Talents are the basis of all development and comprehensive strength of a country. As college students who are about to contact the society, their mental health and social adaptability are the most critical factors for their entry into society. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study explores the correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability of college students. METHODS: Based on the sample processing of college students in 4 universities in a city, 1,000 students are selected for research on the correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability. In addition, the impacts …of college students participating in sports activities on their mental health and social adaptability are analyzed. RESULTS: When the duration of a single sports activity is 30–60 min, the mental health of students reaches optimal. On the contrary, when the duration of a single sports activity exceeds 90 min, the mental health of students is low. This indicates that the more students participate in sports activities, the stronger the social adaptability is. When the intensity of sports activities for students is moderate, the average scores of interpersonal communication ability of students are the highest. When the duration of a single sports activity is 60–90 min, the average scores of living adaptability of students are the highest. If students keep the appropriate duration and intensity of sports activities, their social adaptability will be improved notably. CONCLUSION: The social adaptability of students is related to the number of times they participate in sports activities, the duration of a single sports activity, and the intensity of sports activities. However, while exercising, students should plan the duration of sports activities to avoid excessively prolonged exercise time. In addition, students should beware their exercise intensity of sports activities. The optimal choice of exercise intensity is moderate or slightly tired. Show more

Keywords: Sports activities, mental health, social adaptability, college students, exercise style

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213497

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 531-541, 2021

Authors: Liang, Xiao | Bautista, Oscar O.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional pressure is one of the most concerned issues in society. Teachers are a group of people with greater professional pressure. The pressure sources include students, schools and society. OBJECTIVE: This exploration aims to explore the professional pressure and mental health of college teachers. METHOD: Based on the expectancy theory, the professional pressure and mental health of different college teachers are investigated. The overall steps are as follows: the determination of topic, questionnaire design, questionnaire distribution and recovery, questionnaire data analysis to obtain results, as well as countermeasure analysis based on the results. …RESULTS: The investigation suggests that the sores of college teachers’ work pressure load, family life pressure, interpersonal pressure, physical and mental pressure, leadership and organizational factors pressure, career development pressure, scientific research, and professional title pressure are high. From senior to elementary, the pressure of teachers increases first and then decreases. The professional development pressure of liberal arts teachers is significantly higher than that of science teachers and engineering teachers (P  < 0.05). Among science and engineering teachers, the professional development pressure of science teachers is relatively high. Men have better mental health than women (P  < 0.05). Unmarried teachers have the best mental health status, followed by married and finally divorced (P  < 0.05). The mental health of senior and elementary teachers is significantly better than that of sub-senior teachers and intermediate teachers (P  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The investigation on professional pressure and mental health of college teachers can contribute to the related problem solving in China, as well as enrich the content of relevant fields in China. Show more

Keywords: Expectancy theory, teacher professional pressure, teacher mental health, difference analysis, college teachers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213498

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 543-557, 2021

Authors: Ma, Yaju

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term separation of parents and children as well as the incomplete family structure affect the mental health development of left-behind children and the formation of healthy personality, good interpersonal relationships and positive coping styles in adulthood. At present, there is insufficient empirical investigations on the mental resilience of left-behind children. OBJECTIVE: It is aimed to understand the mental health of left-behind children and explore the characteristics of mental resilience, self-esteem and emotional processing bias, as well as social coping styles. METHODS: The random sampling method is used to select the left-behind children as the …research subject. The general demographic information questionnaire, RSCA (Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent), emotional self-rating scale, SES (Self-Esteem Scale), and coping style questionnaire are used for the survey. Also, the experiments on cognitive processing bias effects of self-esteem and emotion are further carried out. RESULTS: There are differences in demographic variables in mental resilience, self-esteem level, emotional level, and social coping styles. The low mental resilience group shows a processing bias towards low praise words, while the high mental resilience group shows a processing bias towards high praise words. At a low level of self-esteem, there is an interaction between mental resilience and self-esteem on low praise words. Mental resilience has a significant effect on the cognitive processing bias of emotion. Under the induction of positive emotions, the high mental resilience group responds significantly more slowly to the negative words than the low mental resilience group. Under the induction of negative emotions, the high mental resilience group responds significantly faster to the negative words than the low mental resilience group. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting the mental health education of left-behind children can start from enhancing positive emotions, reducing negative emotions, developing high self-esteem, and improving mature coping styles. Show more

Keywords: Left-behind children, mental resilience, self-esteem, emotions, social coping

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213499

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 559-571, 2021

Authors: Lu, Jingfu | Yu, Yanliang | Zhao, Yang | Jenkin, Michelle

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Under the background of the information society, teachers’ pressure from work and life is increasing. Meanwhile, the working pressure has a potential inevitable connection with the physical and mental health of teachers. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between working pressure of workers and mental health status, expand the application of the job demand-resource stress (JD-RS) model in the adjustment of working characteristic pressure, and achieve the coordinated development between working pressure and mental health. METHODS: The occupation of the teacher is taken as the research object. First, the pressure source questionnaire and Symptom Check List …90 (SCL-90) are chosen to measure the working pressure and mental health. Also, the reliability and validity of the pressure source questionnaire are tested. Second, the gender, duty, teaching age, and workload of teachers are chosen as the foundation for comparing and analyzing the impact of various dimensions and project factors on teachers’ working pressure and mental health. Finally, based on the method of univariate linear regression analysis, the correlation between teachers’ working pressure and mental health is analyzed and characterized. RESULTS: The measurement tool based on the pressure source questionnaire has good performance reliability and validity. The five dimensions of Cronbach’s coefficients are all greater than 0.8, and the indicators of fitting all meet psychometrics requirements. Significance analysis shows that different genders, duties, teaching ages, and workloads have different levels of significant influence on teachers’ working pressure and mental health. Linear regression analysis shows that teachers’ working pressure has a significant impact on their physical and mental health, which has a predictive effect. Teachers who bear high-intensity pressure have psychological problems. CONCLUSIONS: The research based on the JD-RS model has a positive role in promoting the balanced and coordinated development of working pressure and the physical and mental health of employed workers. Show more

Keywords: JD-RS model, teachers, working pressure, mental health, correlation, significance level

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213500

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 573-583, 2021

Authors: Ren, Shengtao | Xi, Juzhe | Ray, Angel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the environment of college students is relatively safe, they are faced with the pressure of study, interpersonal relationship, and even future employment, which leads to a variety of psychological disorders, among which stress response is the most common one. As a new concept of healthy self, it is not clear how self - compassion affects students’ stress response. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the role of students’ self-compassion based on chronic stress response in negative emotional regulation and coping style selection caused by external pressure, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of …self-compassion in regulating individual emotions in the future. METHODS: The 427 students from many universities in China who have applied for the 2020 postgraduate entrance examination and were preparing for the examination were classified into S1 group (preparation time < 2 months), S2 group (2 months < 5 months), and S3 group (preparation time > 5 months). The students who didn’t apply for the examination were set as D0 control group. The total stress response score, learning pressure, and positive and negative emotional scores of each group were compared. The Bootstrapping sampling method was used to examine the mediating effect of self - compassion. The students applying for the examination were classified into high-level self-compassion group (G1) and low-level self-compassion group (G2). RESULTS: The scores of learning stress and negative emotion in S1, S2, and S3 groups were significantly higher than those in D0 group, and S1 > S2 > S3 (P  < 0.05). The proportion of students in G1 group who responded to review setbacks in a mature way was significantly higher than that in G2 group, and the proportion of immature type was significantly lower than that of G2 group (P  < 0.05). There was a very significant positive correlation between self-compassion and problem solving and asking for help (P  < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Self-compassion concept can reduce students’ negative emotions facing external pressure and protect individual positive emotions. In conclusion, faced at external pressure and stress, individuals with high self-esteem would not escape from their own negative emotions, and were more inclined to choose a positive way to solve problems and seek help from others. Show more

Keywords: Chronic stress response, the self-compassion concept, bootstrapping repeated sampling, negative emotion, learning stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213501

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 585-597, 2021

Authors: Ji, Yundong | Wang, Dingding | Riedl, Michaela

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the rapid advancement of the educational reform, the requirements for primary and secondary school teachers are increasing, which makes the work pressure of teachers become greater, which can lead to a variety of mental health problems. It is the primary task to promote the psychological health of primary and secondary school teachers by analyzing the stress of teachers and putting forward reasonable countermeasures. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of occupational stress on the mental health level of primary and secondary school teachers. METHODS: 317 teachers from 6 rural …primary and secondary schools in Zhejiang province were selected as research subjects. A questionnaire was designed to collect information of occupational stress, mental health, and social support scores. The teachers were compared for differences in gender, marriage status, class teacher, occupational stress, and mental health. The correlation among occupational stress, mental health, and social support was analyzed by structural equation model. RESULTS: The occupational stress of male teachers was higher than that of female teachers in self-development, work load, and career expectation, and the mental health was lower than that of female teachers in work (P  < 0.05). The occupational stress of married teachers was significantly higher than that of unmarried teachers, and their mental health was significantly higher than that of unmarried teachers (P  < 0.05). The occupational stress of teachers with senior professional titles was lower than that of teachers with primary and intermediate titles in the dimensions of self-development, work load, and career expectation (P  < 0.05). The occupational stress of class teachers was higher than that of non-class teachers in terms of student factors, work load, and career expectation (P  < 0.05). The direct path coefficient between occupational stress and mental health was –0.421, and the indirect path coefficient between occupational stress and mental health was –0.172. CONCLUSIONS: The occupational stress of male, married, class teacher, and teacher with the primary and intermediate titles was significantly greater than that of female, unmarried, non-class teacher, and senior title teacher. In conclusion, the occupational stress of primary and secondary school teachers can not only directly predict the mental health level, but also indirectly affect the mental health level through social support. Show more

Keywords: Primary and secondary school teachers, occupational stress, mental health level, structural equation model, social support

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213502

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 599-611, 2021

Authors: Chen, Qinghua | Zhao, Wenqing | Li, Qun | Sagi, Harnof

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: with the increase of study and life pressure, the number of depressed college students showed an increasing trend year by year, and the drug treatment alone could not achieve a comprehensive recovery of depression patients, so it was more necessary to pay attention to the spiritual treatment. OBJECTIVE: this research aimed to better understand the relationship between college students’ depression and life events, social support, psychological pressure, and coping style, and the influence of systematic family therapy on depression degree, psychological stress, and social adaptability of college students with depression. METHODS: in this study, 105 …college students with depression were selected as the research object, and healthy college students were taken as the control group. Through questionnaire, the differences in life events, social support, psychological stress, and coping styles between the groups were compared. The correlation between the degree of depression and various variables were analyzed, and the impact path of each variable on depression was analyzed using the path analysis model. Depression patients were then divided into a conventional group treating with conventional medications and an observation group treating with systematic family interventions. Differences in Hamilton Depression Scale-17, (HAMD-17), CPSS, and Social Adaptive Functioning Evaluation (SAFE) scores were compared and analyzed between the two groups before treatment (T1), during the treatment (T2), and after treatment(T3). RESULTS: there were significant differences in scores of life events, social support, psychological stress, and coping styles between the healthy control group and the depressed patients (P  < 0.05). There was an obvious correlation between different depression degrees and life events, social support, psychological stress, and coping styles (P  < 0.05). Life events, social support, and psychological stress had a direct and significant impact on depression (0.250, 0.218, and 0.392; P  < 0.05), and they also had an indirect and significant impact on depression through coping styles (P  < 0.05). The systematic family treatment model could significantly reduce HAMD-17 and CPSS scores (P  < 0.05), and significantly improve SAFE scores (P  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: adverse life events, lack of social support, excessive psychological stress, and negative coping styles can aggravate college students’ depression. Systematic family therapy can improve the degree of depression, reduce the psychological stress, and enhance the social adaptability of college students with depression. Show more

Keywords: Depression, adverse life events, social support, coping style, influence path, systematic family therapy model

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213503

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 613-624, 2021

Authors: Shu, Kunyao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: interpersonal communication in workplace is a problem that is faced by every employee. It is common in all industries and increasingly lethal. When they are unable to bear such overload of psychological pressure, they tend to suffer from anxiety, irritability, depression, and other psychological disorders and even mental diseases. It is urgent to explore how to help employees relieve psychological stress. OBJECTIVE: the study aimed to analyze the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on workplace interpersonal stress, and provide help for professionals, especially newcomers, to relieve social pressure. METHODS: 125 employees of Internet enterprises …were given multi-baseline designed CBT (with baseline phase, treatment phase, and post-baseline phase). 43 subjects who did not finish the therapist program were set as the control group and 82 subjects who finished the treatment program were set as the experimental group. First, the differences of interpersonal stress of subjects with different gender, age, educational background, and monthly salary were analyzed. Then, social avoidance, distress, anxiety, and depression scores in baseline, treatment, and post-baseline periods were compared. Finally, the effects of gender, age, educational background, and monthly salary on social avoidance, distress, anxiety, and depression scores of the experimental group were analyzed by multiple regression. and the influence paths of the workplace interpersonal pressure was constructed. RESULTS: Social avoidance, distress, anxiety, and depression of employees earning 10000 or more per month were less than those earning 10000 or more per month. Social avoidance, distress, anxiety, and depression of employees aged 30–50 were higher than those aged < 30 and > 50 (P  < 0.05). Social avoidance, social distress, and depression in males were lower than those in females (P  < 0.05). Social distress, anxiety, and depression of employees with master’s degree or above were less than those with bachelor’s degree or junior college degree. There were significant differences between the two groups in the post baseline phase. The monthly salary had the greatest influence on the social avoidance and distress, anxiety, and depression scores of the employees after treatment, with the path coefficients of –0.183, –0.169, and –0.184, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CBT can effectively relieve social avoidance and distress of workplace employees and can improve the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Educational level, age, and monthly salary had a certain influence on the improvement of social avoidance, distress, anxiety and depression. Show more

Keywords: CBT, social avoidance and distress, multiple regression, anxiety, workplace interpersonal stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213504

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 625-636, 2021

Authors: Zheng, Changliang | Ji, Honghai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: College students are a high-risk subpopulation of psychological disorders. The problem of various adverse phenomena and consequences caused by excessive pressure on college students has gradually become the focus of social and psychological academic circles. However, studies related to individual self-concept and psychological pressure are rare. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of sports dance exercises on college students’ psychological pressure and improve the psychological effects of their self-satisfaction. METHODS: College students were taken as research objects, randomly divided into a control group and an observation group. The observation group is intervened with sports dance exercises. …The observation group was intervened with sports dance exercises. The stress response characteristic questionnaire and multidimensional self-satisfaction rating scale were utilized to measure college students’ conditions before and after the intervention. Finally, the obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Generally, the psychological stress response of college students was mild, with self-satisfaction and various dimensions at a moderately higher level. No significant differences were discovered in the psychological stress response and self-satisfaction level between the control group and the observation group before intervention (P  > 0.05), which were homogeneous. Compared with the data obtained before the intervention, after the intervention, the control group scores were slightly reduced in all dimensions of the psychological stress response and self-satisfaction. In contrast, the scores were significantly increased in the experimental group (P  < 0.05). Psychological stress response could reliably explain 30.4%of the total self-satisfaction variance (P  < 0.01). The negative self-evaluation was the most important variable affecting self-satisfaction, followed by poor interpersonal communication and poor sleeping quality. CONCLUSIONS: Sports dance exercises could alleviate the psychological stress of college students and improve their self-satisfaction. Colleges and universities should include sports dance in the content of optional public courses and encourage more college students to actively participate in sports dance exercises to improve their mental health. Show more

Keywords: Physical dance exercise, psychological stress, self-satisfaction, college students, mental health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213505

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 637-649, 2021

Authors: Ji, Honghai | Zheng, Changliang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: the relationship between physical exercise (PE) and mental health (MH) had been an important research topic in exercise psychology. With the development of society, the increasingly fierce social competition had put forward higher and higher requirements for college students’ social adaptability (SA). As members of the new era, college students were expected to not only have innovative knowledge concept, solid knowledge foundation, and healthy psychology, but also have the ability to adapt to the changes in the environment, know how to get along with others, and deal with problems alone. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to evaluate the …PE, MH, and SA of college students, and to analyze the internal relationships among PE, MH, and SA. METHODS: based on questionnaire survey, college students were randomly selected for investigation and the data were statistically processed. RESULTS: there were significant differences in the MH of students of different genders, majors, grades, and origins. There was a significant difference between the amount of exercise and the MH of college students. The amount of exercise was positively correlated with the MH level of college students, and there was also a positive correlation between PE and MH. The SA of the physical exercisers was average, but the SA of the non-physical exercisers was poor. There was a significant difference between the SA of the physical exercisers and the non-physical exercisers. There were significant differences in the SA between physical exercisers and non-physical exercisers of different genders, majors, grades, and origins. Physical exercisers who participated in team sports were more socially adaptable. There was no significant difference in the SA of physical exercisers of different genders, majors, and origins, and the SA of senior students was stronger. CONCLUSIONS: PE had a positive effect on college students’ MH and social adaptation ability. Colleges and universities could improve their MH and social adaptation ability by arranging appropriate PE. Show more

Keywords: Physical exercise, mental health, social adaptability, questionnaire survey, statistically obvious differences

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213506

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 651-662, 2021

Authors: Li, Zhuohang | Keita, Nomiyama

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the social environment requirements for innovation and creativity, requirements for enterprises’ innovation and creativity are also higher. However, research on the working pressure and innovation behavior of enterprise managers is rare. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the working pressure of managers and creative organizational behavior, provide a reference for the development of corporate innovation activities, thereby improving corporate organizational creativity. METHODS: Managers in enterprises under social networks’ background are selected as research objects to study the relationship between their working pressure and creative organizational behavior. First, the theory of pressure cognition activation is …elaborated. The challenge pressure, hindrance pressure, and organizational creativity are selected as the basis, and the reliability and validity of the corresponding scale tools are analyzed and tested. Second, based on the relationship among challenging working pressure, hindrance working pressure, and organizational, creative behavior activities, two hypotheses are proposed, which are expressed as Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2, respectively. Finally, according to the managerial working pressure in organizational, creative behavioral activities, two kinds of hypotheses are proposed, which are represented by Hypothesis 3 and Hypothesis 4, respectively. RESULTS: The results show: The selected scale tools have good reliability and validity. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficients corresponding to challenge pressure, hindrance pressure, and organizational, creative behavior activities are all above 0.85. The challenge pressure has a significantly positive impact on organizational creativity (P  < 0.01), while the hindrance pressure has a significantly negative impact on organizational creativity (P  < 0.01); therefore, Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2 are verified. The organizational support for creative behavior activities has a dual adjustment impact. In addition to negatively regulating the positive path of managers’ working pressure on work engagement, organizational support also positively regulates the positive path of managers’ work engagement on organizational creativity. Therefore, Hypothesis 3 and Hypothesis 4 are verified. CONCLUSIONS: The above results provide a theoretical reference for a profound understanding of the relationship between working pressure and creative behavior and the improvement of the creative ability of enterprises. Show more

Keywords: Social network organization, managers, challenge pressure, hindrance pressure, creative behavior, correlation, moderating impact

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213507

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 663-673, 2021

Authors: Zou, Jing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: in the process of raising children, parents will inevitably have inappropriate measures and behaviors, which will bring greater pressure on the children’s psychology and physiology. OBJECTIVE: in the field of children’s development, parenting pressure has always been one of the hotspots of worldwide scholars. In order to further understand the causes of children’s psychological problems, the effect of parenting pressure on children’s internalizing problem behaviors and its mechanism are explored. METHODS: based on previous literature, the parenting pressure and children’s internalizing related problems in China are investigated. Based on the characteristic discussion of parenting styles …in China, the parenting pressure and internalizing problems of children is deeply analyzed. The sample survey is used to sample the parents of kindergarten children, and a total of 679 children’s parents are selected. RESULTS: the results show that the parents of boys have more serious parenting pressure than the parents of girls. In the process of raising children, the mother bears more pressure than the father. For the internalizing problems of children, the psychological aggression behavior of parents shows a relatively serious effect. There is a certain causal relationship between parenting pressure and parents’ strict discipline behavior. Therefore, parenting pressure is used as an intermediary variable to affect children’s internalizing behavior. Parenting pressure does not show a significant correlation with children’s internalizing problems, but indirectly affects the generation of children’s internalizing behaviors by affecting parents’ strict discipline behaviors. CONCLUSION: it enriches the investigations on parenting pressure and children’s education in China, and provides a certain theoretical basis for the development of children’s mental health. Show more

Keywords: Parenting pressure, children’s internalizing problems, psychological aggression, parents’ strict discipline behavior

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213508

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 675-685, 2021

Authors: Jin, Yonghui | He, Jun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: it has always been a problem for athletes that their performance is out of order due to pressure in major competitions. The change of attention pattern and the emergence of stress response (SR) caused by negative affect (NA) are the direct reasons for the greater impact on the performance of athletes. It is a hot topic to explore how to improve attention bias (AB) and SR of athletes in stressful situations. OBJECTIVE: the study aimed to analyze the improvement effect of visual search task (VST) training on AB and SR of athletes under pressure situations. …METHODS: 62 male basketball players with national level 2 or above of Shenyang sports institute were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). Visual search task training program was used in the EG (happy, sad, disgusted, neutral faces) and sham training program was used in the CG (all faces with neutral expression) for two months. Under the stress situation, attention behavior of all subjects before and after training was tested. Physiological coherence and autonomic balance system were used to record heart rate variability synchronously. Parallel frequency domain analysis was divided into very low frequency band (VLF), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and total spectrum (TP). The normalized treatment obtained indexes such as HFnorm, LFnorm, and LF/HF. The e-prime 2.0 software was adopted to obtain the attention bias score. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the self-rating stress scale were adopted for evaluation before and after training. RESULTS: the self-rating pressure in the two groups was lower than that before the training, and the pressure in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P  < 0.05). After training, the positive emotion of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the EG was lower than that of the CG (P  < 0.05). After training, the score of attention bias of happy and neutral faces in the EG was higher than that of theCG, while the score of attention bias of sad and disgusted faces was lower than that of the CG (P  < 0.05). After training, LF/HF and LFnorm in the EG were lower than those in the CG, and HFnorm was higher than those in the CG (P  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the training of visual search task can effectively improve the athletes’ PA and AB of positive information, reduce the attention bias of negative information and psychological pressure, and relieve theSR. Show more

Keywords: VST, AB, HRV, SR, The PANAS

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213509

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 687-696, 2021

Authors: Wu, Shaofei | Adamsk, Krzysztof

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The suicide of college students had been a social topic attracting people’s attention, and the generation of suicidal ideation was an inevitable link in the psychological process of suicidal behavior. It was the focus of many researches whether the pressure of college students with suicidal ideation can be detected and relieved in time. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of cognitive behaviour therapy on psychological stress, depression, and other negative emotions of college students with suicide ideation. METHODS: 114 people from 1,158 college students with suicide ideation in the Wuhan area were …divided into an experimental group and a control group in this study. Students in the experimental group were given with the cognitive behaviour therapy, and students in the control group were not intervened in any way. The suicide ideation scale (despair, optimism, and sleep), psychological stress test rating, and self-reporting inventory (somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, delusion, and psychosis) were used to evaluate the objects in the pre-test stage, intermediate-test stage, and the tracking-test stage. The multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of the suicide ideation of the college student. RESULTS: The suicide ideation of the college student was significantly positively correlated with the psychological stress, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and psychosis (P  > 0.05); the total score of suicide ideation, despair, optimism, and sleep in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P  < 0.05) in the intermediate-test stage and the tracking-test stage (P  < 0.05); the psychological stress, depression, and anxiety of the college students in the experimental group in the intermediate-test and tracking-test stage were slighter than those in the control group (P  < 0.05); the somatization, compulsion, and interpersonal relationship of students in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P  < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The psychological stress, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and psychosis were all risk factors for the college student to have suicide ideation. Negative emotions such as psychological stress, emotional depression, and anxiety of the college student with suicide ideation could be improved effectively by cognitive behaviour therapy, and the level of suicide ideation could be reduced finally. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive behaviour therapy, suicide ideation, psychological stress, emotional depression, self-reporting inventory

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-213510

Citation: Work, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 697-709, 2021