Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems - Volume 40, issue 3

Authors: Abu-Saleem, M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The main aim of this article is to present neutrosophic folding and neutrosophic retractions on a single-valued neutrosophic graph Ğ from the viewpoint of geometry and topology. For this reason, we use a sequence of neutrosophic transformations on Ğ to obtain a new single-valued neutrosophic graph G ˇ 1 which contains different parameters under new conditions. We deduce the isometric neutrosophic folding on neutrosophic spheres and neutrosophic torii. Also, we determine the relationship between the limit neutrosophic folding and the limit of neutrosophic retraction on Ğ. Theorems regulating these relations are attained.

Keywords: Single valued neutrosophic graph, neutrosophic folding, neutrosophic retraction, 51H20, 57N10, 57M05, 14F35, 20F34

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201957

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5207-5213, 2021

Authors: Feng, Rui | Huang, Cheng-Chen | Luo, Kun | Zheng, Hui-Jun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The West Lake of Hangzhou, a world famous landscape and cultural symbol of China, suffered from severe air quality degradation in January 2015. In this work, Random Forest (RF) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are used to analyze and predict air pollutants on the central island of the West Lake. We quantitatively demonstrate that the PM2.5 and PM10 were chiefly associated by the ups and downs of the gaseous air pollutants (SO2 , NO2 and CO). Compared with the gaseous air pollutants, meteorological circumstances and regional transport played trivial roles in shaping PM. The predominant meteorological factor …for SO2 , NO2 and surface O3 was dew-point deficit. The proportion of sulfate in PM10 was higher than that in PM2.5 . CO was strongly positively linked with PM. We discover that machine learning can accurately predict daily average wintertime SO2 , NO2 , PM2.5 and PM10 , casting new light on the forecast and early warning of the high episodes of air pollutants in the future. Show more

Keywords: Random forest, recurrent neural network, air pollutants prediction

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201964

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5215-5223, 2021

Authors: Elmuogy, Samir | Hikal, Noha A. | Hassan, Esraa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Nowadays, Coronavirus (COVID-19) considered one of the most critical pandemics in the earth. This is due its ability to spread rapidly between humans as well as animals. COVID-19 expected to outbreak around the world, around 70 % of the earth population might infected with COVID-19 in the incoming years. Therefore, an accurate and efficient diagnostic tool is highly required, which the main objective of our study. Manual classification was mainly used to detect different diseases, but it took too much time in addition to the probability of human errors. Automatic image classification reduces doctors diagnostic time, which could save human’s …life. We propose an automatic classification architecture based on deep neural network called Worried Deep Neural Network (WDNN) model with transfer learning. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed WDNN model outperforms by using three pre-training models: InceptionV3, ResNet50, and VGG19 in terms of various performance metrics. Due to the shortage of COVID-19 data set, data augmentation was used to increase the number of images in the positive class, then normalization used to make all images have the same size. Experimentation is done on COVID-19 dataset collected from different cases with total 2623 where (1573 training, 524 validation, 524 test). Our proposed model achieved 99,046, 98,684, 99,119, 98,90 in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, respectively. The results are compared with both the traditional machine learning methods and those using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The results demonstrate the ability of our classification model to use as an alternative of the current diagnostic tool. Show more

Keywords: Deep learning, CNN, COVID-19 dataset, automatic classification, CT scan

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201985

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5225-5238, 2021

Authors: Lin, Rongde | Li, Jinjin | Chen, Dongxiao | Huang, Jianxin | Chen, Yingsheng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Fuzzy covering rough set model is a popular and important theoretical tool for computation of uncertainty, and provides an effective approach for attribute reduction. However, attribute reductions derived directly from fuzzy lower or upper approximations actually still occupy large of redundant information, which leads to a lower ratio of attribute-reduced. This paper introduces a kind of parametric observation sets on the approximations, and further proposes so called parametric observational-consistency, which is applied to attribute reduction in fuzzy multi-covering decision systems. Then the related discernibility matrix is developed to provide a way of attribute reduction. In addition, for multiple observational parameters, …this article also introduces a recursive method to gradually construct the multiple discernibility matrix by composing the refined discernibility matrix and incremental discernibility matrix based on previous ones. In such case, an attribute reduction algorithm is proposed. Finally, experiments are used to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Attribute reduction, fuzzy discernibility matrix, fuzzy multi-covering systems, incremental discernibility matrix, observational consistency, refined discernibility matrix

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201998

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5239-5253, 2021

Authors: Qi, Ping | Shu, Hong | Zhu, Qiang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Computation offloading is a key computing paradigm used in mobile edge computing. The principle of computation offloading is to leverage powerful infrastructures to augment the computing capability of less powerful devices. However, the most existing computation offloading algorithms assume that the mobile device is not moving, and these algorithms do not take into account the reliability of task execution. In this paper, we firstly present the formalized description of the workflow, the wireless signal, the wisdom medical scenario and the moving path. Then, inspired by the Bayesian cognitive model, a trust evaluation model is presented to reduce the probability of …failure for task execution based on the reliable behaviors of multiply computation resources. According to the location and the velocity of the mobile device, the execution time and the energy consumption model based on the moving path are constructed, task deferred execution and task migration are introduced to guarantee the service continuity. On this basis, considering the whole scheduling process from a global viewpoint, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the energy consumption optimization problem with the constraint of response time. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm optimizes the workflow under the mobile edge environment by increasing 20.4% of successful execution probability and decreasing 21.5% of energy consumption compared with traditional optimization algorithms. Show more

Keywords: Edge computing, computation offloading, trust evaluation model, energy consumption

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202025

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5255-5273, 2021

Authors: Lun, Xiangmin | Yu, Zhenglin | Wang, Fang | Chen, Tao | Hou, Yimin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to develop an efficient brain-computer interface system, the brain activity measured by electroencephalography needs to be accurately decoded. In this paper, a motor imagery classification approach is proposed, combining virtual electrodes on the cortex layer with a convolutional neural network; this can effectively improve the decoding performance of the brain-computer interface system. A three layer (cortex, skull, and scalp) head volume conduction model was established by using the symmetric boundary element method to map the scalp signal to the cortex area. Nine pairs of virtual electrodes were created on the cortex layer, and the features of the time …and frequency sequence from the virtual electrodes were extracted by performing time-frequency analysis. Finally, the convolutional neural network was used to classify motor imagery tasks. The results show that the proposed approach is convergent in both the training model and the test model. Based on the Physionet motor imagery database, the averaged accuracy can reach 98.32% for a single subject, while the averaged values of accuracy, Kappa, precision, recall, and F1-score on the group-wise are 96.23%, 94.83%, 96.21%, 96.13%, and 96.14%, respectively. Based on the High Gamma database, the averaged accuracy has achieved 96.37% and 91.21% at the subject and group levels, respectively. Moreover, this approach is superior to those of other studies on the same database, which suggests robustness and adaptability to individual variability. Show more

Keywords: Brain-computer interface, Electroencephalography, motor imagery, convolutional neural network

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202046

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5275-5288, 2021

Authors: Liu, Jin | Xie, Jinsheng | Ahmadzade, Hamed | Farahikia, Mehran

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Entropy is a measure for characterizing indeterminacy of a random variable or an uncertain variable with respect to probability theory and uncertainty theory, respectively. In order to characterize indeterminacy of uncertain variables, the concept of exponential entropy for uncertain variables is proposed. For computing the exponential entropy for uncertain variables, a formula is derived via inverse uncertainty distribution. As an application of exponential entropy, portfolio selection problems for uncertain returns are optimized via exponential entropy-mean models. For better understanding, several examples are provided.

Keywords: Uncertain variable, uncertainty theory, exponential entropy, inverse uncertainty distribution, portfolio selection

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202073

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5289-5293, 2021

Authors: Li, Yufeng | Jiang, HaiTian | Lu, Jiyong | Li, Xiaozhong | Sun, Zhiwei | Li, Min

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many classical clustering algorithms have been fitted into MapReduce, which provides a novel solution for clustering big data. However, several iterations are required to reach an acceptable result in most of the algorithms. For each iteration, a new MapReduce job must be executed to load the dataset into main memory, which results in high I/O overhead and poor efficiency. BIRCH algorithm stores only the statistical information of objects with CF entries and CF tree to cluster big data, but with the increase of the tree nodes, the main memory will be insufficient to contain more objects. Hence, BIRCH has to …reduce the tree, which will degrade the clustering quality and decelerate the whole execution efficiency. To deal with the problem, BIRCH was fitted into MapReduce called MR-BIRCH in this paper. In contrast to a great number of MapReduce-based algorithms, MR-BIRCH loads dataset only once, and the dataset is processed parallel in several machines. The complexity and scalability were analyzed to evaluate the quality of MR-BIRCH, and MR-BIRCH was compared with Python sklearn BIRCH and Apache Mahout k-means on real-world and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show, most of the time, MR-BIRCH was better or equal to sklearn BIRCH, and it was competitive to Mahout k-means. Show more

Keywords: Clustering, BIRCH, k-means, MapReduce, Hadoop

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202079

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5295-5305, 2021

Authors: Hu, Chaofang | Zhang, Yuting

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  An interactive α -satisfactory method via relaxed order of desirable α -satisfactory degrees is proposed for multi-objective optimization with fuzzy parameters and linguistic preference in this paper. Fuzzy parameters existing in objectives and constraints of multi-objective optimization are defined as fuzzy numbers and α -level set is used to build the feasible domain of parameters. On the basis, the original problem with fuzzy parameters is transformed into multi-objective optimization with fuzzy goals. Linguistic preference of decision-maker is modelled by the relaxed order of desirable α -satisfactory degrees of all the objectives. In order to achieve a compromise between optimization and …preference, the multi-objective optimization problem is divided into two single-objective sub-problems: the preliminary optimization and the linguistic preference optimization. A preferred solution can be found by parameter adjustment of inner-outer loop. The minimum stable relaxation algorithm of parameter is developed for calculating the relaxation bound of maximum desirable satisfaction difference. The M-α -Pareto optimality of solution is guaranteed by the test model. The effectiveness, flexibility and sensitivity of the proposed method are well demonstrated by numerical example and application example to heat conduction system. Show more

Keywords: Multi-objective optimization, linguistic preference, fuzzy parameter, satisfactory degree

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202114

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5307-5322, 2021

Authors: Konstantakopoulos, Grigorios D. | Gayialis, Sotiris P. | Kechagias, Evripidis P. | Papadopoulos, Georgios A. | Tatsiopoulos, Ilias P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Routing of vehicles and scheduling of deliveries play a crucial role in logistics operations as they affect both the distribution cost and customer satisfaction. That is why researchers have intensively studied this problem in conjunction with the multiple variables and constraints involved in the logistics operations. In this paper, the cases of time windows and simultaneous pickups and deliveries, where goods are simultaneously delivered and collected from customers within a predetermined time slot, are studied. The objective of our research is to create efficient routes that minimize both the number of vehicles and the total distance travelled, as both of …them affect the total distribution cost. Considering various plans of routes that are differentiated by the number of routes and the sequence of visitations, can be beneficial for decision-makers, since they have the opportunity to select the plan that better fits their needs. Therefore, in this paper we develop a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) that integrates an improved construction algorithm and a new crossover operator for efficient distribution services. Through the proposed MOEA a set of solutions (route plans), known as Pareto-optimal, is obtained, while single biased solutions are avoided. The proposed algorithm is tested in two well-known datasets in order to evaluate the algorithm’s efficiency. The results indicate that the algorithm’s solutions have small deviation from the best-published and some non-dominated solutions are also obtained. Show more

Keywords: Vehicle routing problem, time windows, simultaneous pickups and deliveries, multiobjective optimization, evolutionary algorithm, logistics

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202129

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5323-5336, 2021

Authors: Tian, Zhun | Zhang, Shengrui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the development of the social economy, the level of motorization has been greatly improved, and the traffic safety problem has been paid more and more attention. In recent years, China’s road traffic accident rate showed a trend of decline after rising first, suggests that the Chinese road traffic safety level is on the decline. Road traffic safety evaluation has a positive effect in found risk factors of road traffic safety in time and reduce the traffic accident rate, so the study of traffic safety evaluation method is imperative. And the urban road traffic safety evaluation is frequently viewed as …the multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem. Depending on the conventional VIKOR method and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs), this paper designs a novel IVIF-VIKOR method to assess the urban road traffic safety. In addition, since subjective randomness frequently exists in determining criteria weights, the weights of criteria is [Z1] decided objectively by utilizing CRITIC method. Eventually, an application and some comparative analysis are given. The results show that the designed algorithms are useful for assessing the urban road traffic safety. Show more

Keywords: Multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM), interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs), VIKOR method, CRITIC method, urban road traffic safety

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202142

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5337-5346, 2021

Authors: Wang, Rui | Chen, Zhen-Song | Shuai, Bin | Chin, Kwai-Sang | Martínez, Luis

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The need of quick and comfortable public transportation in our societies makes that many countries are planning to develop a high-speed railway network for improving their passenger transport capacity. Such a development implies among other problems how to select the location of high-speed railway station (HSRS) in each city along the line? Thus, this paper introduces an integrated approach for solving the site selection problem of HSRS, which consists of a consensus reaching process (CRP) with a group decision making (GDM) method whose inputs are trapezoidal fuzzy neutrosophic set to model experts’ assessments of potential locations of HSRS. To accomplish …the decision process, the inputs should be weighted and aggregated with novel trapezoidal fuzzy neutrosophic prioritized aggregation operators to reflect the priority relationship between the aggregated information. The necessity of polishing conflicts in these decisions lead then to improve the experts’ agreement in the group, in our case, three consensus indexes at different levels are defined to implement the CRP. Eventually, the proposed CRP-GDM approach is put forward to solve the site selection issue of HSRS and a case of study is presented to illustrate its applications and advantages. Show more

Keywords: Key words: High-speed railway station, trapezoidal fuzzy neutrosophic set, prioritized aggregation operator, consensus reaching process

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202143

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5347-5367, 2021

Authors: Zhao, Zhihua | Li, Yupeng | Chu, Xuening

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Identifying defective design elements is a prerequisite for design improvements. Previous identification methods were implemented in the context of static customer requirements (CRs). However, CRs always evolve continuously, which easily leads to a failure of existing product functions in fulfilling customer expectations; this, in turn, can lead to a decline in customer satisfaction. In this study, the phenomenon is termed as ‘function obsolescence’, and a data-driven identification approach for obsolete functions is proposed for design improvements. Firstly, product operating data are employed to construct the observing parameters of functional performance (OPs), and based on the distribution of OPs, the desired …level of functional performance (DL) is defined to quantitatively characterise CRs. Secondly, the time series of DL is constructed to embody the evolution of CRs, in which a Sigmoid-like function is employed to establish a dissatisfaction function. With the time series, an obsolescence index measuring the severity of obsolescence for each function is defined to identify obsolete functions. A case study was implemented on a smart phone to identify its obsolete functions to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results show that some potentially obsolete functions can be identified by the proposed method considering the evolution of CRs. Show more

Keywords: Customer requirement evolution, observing parameters of functional performance, obsolete function, design improvement, Engineering design, product design, product development

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202144

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5369-5382, 2021

Authors: Deng, Jiawen | Li, Junqing | Li, Chengyou | Han, Yuyan | Liu, Qingsong | Niu, Ben | Liu, Lili | Zhang, Biao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper investigates the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and nonlinear charging constraints (EVRPTW-NL), which is more practical due to battery degradation. A hybrid algorithm combining an improved differential evolution and several heuristic (IDE) is proposed to solve this problem, where the weighted sum of the total trip time and customer satisfaction value is minimized. In the proposed algorithm, a special encoding method is presented that considers charging stations features. Then, a battery charging adjustment (BCA) strategy is integrated to decrease the charging time. Furthermore, a novel negative repair strategy is embedded to make the solution feasible. Finally, …several instances are generated to examine the effectiveness of the IDE algorithm. The high performance of the IDE algorithm is shown in comparison with two efficient algorithms. Show more

Keywords: Vehicle routing problem, time windows, nonlinear charging, differential evolution algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202164

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5383-5402, 2021

Authors: Li, Jing | Wen, Lingling | Wei, Guiwu | Wu, Jiang | Wei, Cun

Article Type: Research Article

Keywords: Similarity measure, distance measure, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, multiple criteria group decision making

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202212

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5403-5419, 2021

Authors: Çiftçioğlu, Gökçen A. | Kadırgan, Mehmet A. N. | Eşiyok, Ahmet

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Safety culture is a very complex phenomenon due to its intangible nature. It is tough to measure and express it with numerical values, as there is no simple indicator to measure it. This paper presents a fuzzy inference system that measures the safety culture. First of all, a safety culture assessment questionnaire is developed by utilizing related literature. The initial questionnaire had 29 items. The questionnaire is applied to 259 employees within the gun manufacturing factory. After making an exploratory factor analysis, the questionnaire is based on five factors with 25 items. The safety culture indicators are defined as; safety …follow-up audit reporting, employees’ self-awareness, operational safety commitment, management’s safety commitment, safety orientedness. Normality, reliability, and correlation analysis are performed. Then a fuzzy model is constructed with five inputs and one output. The inputs are the five factors mentioned above, and the output generated is the safety culture result, which is between 0-1. The presented fuzzy model produces reliable results indicating the safety culture level from the employees’ eyes. Beyond exploring the employees’ safety culture, the proposed model can easily be understood by the practitioners from various sectors. Furthermore, the model is straightforward to customize for various fields of industry. Show more

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, safety culture, safety culture assessment, safety perception, workplace safety

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202222

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5421-5431, 2021

Authors: Xu, Yu-Heng | Cheng, Si-Yi | Zhang, Hu-Biao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To solve the problem of the missing data of radiator during the aerial war, and to address the problem that traditional algorithms rely on prior knowledge and specialized systems too much, an algorithm for radiator threat evaluation with missing data based on improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) has been proposed. The null estimation algorithm based on Induced Ordered Weighted Averaging (IOWA) is adopted to calculate the aggregate value for predicting missing data. The attribute reduction is realized by using the Rough Sets (RS) theory, and the attribute weights are reasonably allocated with the theory …of Shapley. Threat degrees can be achieved through quantization and ranking of radiators by constructing a TOPSIS decision space. Experiment results show that this algorithm can solve the incompleteness of radiator threat evaluation, and the ranking result is in line with the actual situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is highly automated and does not rely on prior knowledge and expert systems. Show more

Keywords: IOWA, Shapley, attribute reduction, TOPSIS, incompleteness

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202245

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5433-5442, 2021

Authors: Wang, Jie | Yan, Linhuang | Yang, Qiaohe | Yuan, Minmin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a single-channel speech enhancement algorithm is proposed by using guided spectrogram filtering based on masking properties of human auditory system when considering a speech spectrogram as an image. Guided filtering is capable of sharpening details and estimating unwanted textures or background noise from the noisy speech spectrogram. If we consider the noisy spectrogram as a degraded image, we can estimate the spectrogram of the clean speech signal using guided filtering after subtracting noise components. Combined with masking properties of human auditory system, the proposed algorithm adaptively adjusts and reduces the residual noise of the enhanced speech spectrogram …according to the corresponding masking threshold. Because the filtering output is a local linear transform of the guidance spectrogram, the local mask window slides can be efficiently implemented via box filter with O(N) computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress noise in different noisy environments and thus can greatly improve speech quality and speech intelligibility. Show more

Keywords: Auditory masking properties, guided filtering, guided spectrogram filtering, spectrogram, speech enhancement

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202278

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5443-5454, 2021

Authors: Zhang, Haiyan | Luo, Yonglong | Yu, Qingying | Zheng, Xiaoyao | Li, Xuejing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An accurate map matching is an essential but difficult step in mapping raw float car trajectories onto a digital road network. This task is challenging because of the unavoidable positioning errors of GPS devices and the complexity of the road network structure. Aiming to address these problems, in this study, we focus on three improvements over the existing hidden Markov model: (i) The direction feature between the current and historical points is used for calculating the observation probability; (ii) With regard to the reachable cost between the current road section and the destination, we overcome the shortcoming of feature rarefaction …when calculating the transition probability with low sampling rates; (iii) The directional similarity shows a good performance in complex intersection environments. The experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm can reduce the error rate in intersection matching and is suitable for GPS devices with low sampling rates. Show more

Keywords: Map-matching, hidden Markov model, link factor, reachable cost, directional similarity

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202292

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5455-5471, 2021

Authors: Wang, Dong | Zhao, Yong | Lin, Hong | Zuo, Xin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Chinese fill-in-the-blank questions contain both objective and subjective characteristics, and thus it has always been difficult to score them automatically. In this paper, fill-in-the-blank items are divided into those with word-level or sentence-level granularity; then, the items are automatically scored by different strategies. The automatic scoring framework combines semantic dictionary matching and semantic similarity calculations. First, fill-in-the-blank items with word-level granularity are divided into two types of test sites: the subject term test site, and the common word test site. We propose an algorithm for identifying an item’s test site. Then, a subject term dictionary with self-feedback learning ability is …constructed to support the scoring of subject term test sites. The Tongyici Cilin semantic dictionary is used for scoring common word test sites. For fill-in-the-blank items with sentence-level granularity, an improved P-means model is used to generate a sentence vector of the standard answer and the examinee’s answer, and then the semantic similarity between the two answers is obtained by calculating the cosine distance of the sentence vector. Experimental results on actual test data show that the proposed algorithm has a maximum accuracy of 94.3% and achieves good results. Show more

Keywords: Fill-in-the-blank question, automatic scoring, dictionary matching, semantic similarity, word vector, sentence vector, subject terminology, P-means model

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202317

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5473-5482, 2021

Authors: Wang, Zicheng | Chen, Huayou | Zhu, Jiaming | Ding, Zhenni

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Faced with the rapid update of nonlinear and irregular big data from the environmental monitoring system, both the public and managers urgently need reliable methods to predict possible air pollutions in the future. Therefore, a multi-scale deep learning (MDL) and optimal combination ensemble (OCE) approach for hourly air quality index (AQI) forecasting is proposed in this paper, named MDL-OCE model. Before normal modeling, all original data are preprocessed through missing data filling and outlier testing to ensure smooth computation. Due to the complexity of such big data, slope-based ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is adopted to decompose the time series …of AQI and meteorological conditions into a finite number of simple intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and one residue component. Then, to unify the number of components of different variables, the fine-to-coarse (FC) technique is used to reconstruct all components into high frequency component (HF), low frequency component (LF), and trend component (TC). For purpose of extracting the underlying relationship between AQI and meteorological conditions, the three components are respectively trained and predicted by different deep learning architectures (stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE)) with a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The corresponding forecasting results of three components are merged by OCE method to better achieve the ultimate AQI forecasting outputs. The empirical results clearly demonstrate that our proposed MDL-OCE model outperforms other advanced benchmark models in terms of forecasting performances in all cases. Show more

Keywords: AQI forecasting, multi-scale deep learning, optimal combination ensemble, meteorological conditions, big data

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202481

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5483-5500, 2021

Authors: Sharma, Shalini | Kumar, Naresh | Kaswan, Kuldeep Singh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Big data requires new technologies and tools to process, analyze and interpret the vast amount of high-speed heterogeneous information. A simple mistake in processing software, error in data, and malfunctioning in hardware results in inaccurate analysis, compromised results, and inadequate performance. Thus, measures concerning reliability play an important role in determining the quality of Big data. Literature related to Big data software reliability was critically examined in this paper to investigate: the type of mathematical model developed, the influence of external factors, the type of data sets used, and methods employed to evaluate model parameters while determining the system reliability …or component reliability of the software. Since the environmental conditions and input variables differ for each model due to varied platforms it is difficult to analyze which method gives the better prediction using the same set of data. Thus, paper summarizes some of the Big data techniques and common reliability models and compared them based on interdependencies, estimation function, parameter evaluation method, mean value function, etc. Visualization is also included in the study to represent the Big data reliability distribution, classification, analysis, and technical comparison. This study helps in choosing and developing an appropriate model for the reliability prediction of Big data software. Show more

Keywords: Reliability models, Big data, stochastic equation, hazard rate, jump diffusion

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202503

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5501-5516, 2021

Authors: Kişi, Ömer

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We investigate the concepts of pointwise and uniform I θ -convergence and type of convergence lying between mentioned convergence methods, that is, equi-ideally lacunary convergence of sequences of fuzzy valued functions and acquire several results. We give the lacunary ideal form of Egorov’s theorem for sequences of fuzzy valued measurable functions defined on a finite measure space ( X , M , μ ) . We also introduce the concept of I θ -convergence in measure for sequences of fuzzy valued functions and proved some …significant results. Show more

Keywords: Pointwise convergence, uniformly convergence, ideal convergence, lacunary convergence, fuzzy-valued function

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202624

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5517-5526, 2021

Authors: Zhao, Baohua | Sung, Tien-Wen | Zhang, Xin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the classical bioinspired swarm-based intelligence algorithms that has strong search ability, because of its special search mechanism, but its development ability is slightly insufficient and its convergence speed is slow. In view of its weak development ability and slow convergence speed, this paper proposes the QABC algorithm in which a new search equation is based on the idea of quasi-affine transformation, which greatly improves the cooperative ability between particles and enhances its exploitability. During the process of location updating, the convergence speed is accelerated by updating multiple dimensions instead of one …dimension. Finally, in the overall search framework, a collaborative search matrix is introduced to update the position of particles. The collaborative search matrix is transformed from the lower triangular matrix, which not only ensures the randomness of the search, but also ensures its balance and integrity. To evaluate the performance of the QABC algorithm, CEC2013 test set and CEC2014 test set are used in the experiment. After comparing with the conventional ABC algorithm and some famous ABC variants, QABC algorithm is proved to be superior in efficiency, development ability, and robustness. Show more

Keywords: Artificial bee colony algorithm, bioinspired swarm intelligence, optimization, quasi-affine transformation, collaborative search matrix

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202712

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5527-5544, 2021

Authors: Zulqarnain, Rana Muhammad | Xin, Xiao Long | Garg, Harish | Khan, Waseem Asghar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets (PFSS) is a parametrized family and one of the appropriate extensions of the Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFS). It’s also a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, used to accurately assess deficiencies, uncertainties, and anxiety in evaluation. The most important advantage of PFSS over existing sets is that the PFS family is considered a parametric tool. The PFSS can accommodate more uncertainty comparative to the intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, this is the most important strategy to explain fuzzy information in the decision-making process. The main objective of the present research is to progress some operational laws …along with their corresponding aggregation operators in a Pythagorean fuzzy soft environment. In this article, we introduce Pythagorean fuzzy soft weighted averaging (PFSWA) and Pythagorean fuzzy soft weighted geometric (PFSWG) operators and discuss their desirable characteristics. Also, develop a decision-making technique based on the proposed operators. Through the developed methodology, a technique for solving decision-making concerns is planned. Moreover, an application of the projected methods is presented for green supplier selection in green supply chain management (GSCM). A comparative analysis with the advantages, effectiveness, flexibility, and numerous existing studies demonstrates the effectiveness of this method. Show more

Keywords: Pythagorean fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets, PFSWA operator, PFSWG operator, GSCM

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-202781

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5545-5563, 2021

Authors: Sfiris, D.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper deals with improving the approximation capability of fuzzy systems. Fuzzy negations produced via conical sections are a promising methodology towards better fuzzy implications in fuzzy rules. The linguistic variables and the fuzzy rules are induced automatically following a fuzzy equivalence relation. The uncertainty of linear or nonlinear systems is thus dealt with. In this study, the clustering is optimized without human intervention, but also the best inference mechanism for a particular dataset is prescribed. It has been found that clustering based on fuzzy equivalence relation and fuzzy inference via conical sections leads to remarkably accurate approximations. A fuzzy …rule based system with fewer control parameters is proposed. An application on telecom data shows the use of the methodology, its applicability to a real problem and its performance compared to other alternatives in terms of quality. Show more

Keywords: Fuzzy inference, fuzzy negation, rule based systems, fuzzy clustering, fuzzy equivalence relation

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-192029

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5565-5581, 2021

Authors: Jia, Heming | Peng, Xiaoxu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the advent of the information age, people have higher requirements for basic algorithms. Meta-heuristic algorithms have received wide attention as a high-level strategy to study and generate fully optimized solutions to data-driven optimization problems. Using the advantage of equilibrium optimizer (EO) with better balance mode, combined with the strategy of memetic algorithm, different proportion of temperature is introduced in different stages. That is, EO and thermal exchange optimization (TEO) are fused to obtain a new highly balanced optimizer (HEO). While keeping the guiding strategy and memory mode unchanged of EO, the accuracy of optimization is greatly improved. 14 well-known …benchmark functions and 7 selective algorithms were used for HEO evaluation comparison experiments. On the basis of the fitness function curve, the optimal solution and other experimental data are tested statistically. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has high accuracy and stability, but at the cost of running a little more time. Application testing of complex engineering problems is also one of the main purposes of algorithm design. In this paper, three typical engineering design problems (three truss, welded beam and rolling bearing design) are tested and the experimental results show that this algorithm has certain competitiveness and superiority in classical engineering design. Show more

Keywords: Equilibrium optimizer, thermal exchange optimization, memetic algorithm, benchmark functions, engineering design problems

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-200101

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5583-5594, 2021

Authors: Ni, Na | Zhu, Yuanguo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Bacteria foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution and slow in convergence. In this paper, we have come up with a self-adaptive bacterial foraging algorithm based on estimation of distribution to overcome the mentioned shortages. First, in the chemotactic operator, the swimming step size of bacterium is adaptively adjusted by its fitness value and bacteria move in a random direction. Second, the bacteria obtain the probability of replication based on the fitness value. We choose half of the population for replication by the roulette wheel method. Finally, the possibility of elimination-dispersal is adjusted by …the fitness value. Selected bacteria are dispersed to the new locations produced by BOX-Muller formula. Compared with some relative heuristic algorithms on finding the optimal value of ten benchmark functions, the proposed algorithm shows higher convergence speed and accuracy. Show more

Keywords: Bacteria foraging optimization algorithm, self-adaptive, estimation of distribution, benchmark function

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-200439

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5595-5607, 2021

Authors: Huang, Hui-Yu | Lin, Chih-Hung

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Inpainting is a technique to enhance digital videos. Based on the spatiotemporal domain, we herein propose a video inpainting method to repair the removal objects in the videos. The method consists of an adaptive foreground model, the motion rate estimation of objects, and a repairing scheme. Initially, the adaptive foreground model based on the background subtraction method is developed. The model is used to estimate the motion rate for each moving object in the frame. According to the estimated motion rate, the model specifies an adaptive interval between the forwarding reference frame and backward reference frame to obtain the useful …information and to repair the removal objects. The remaining un-repaired areas are filled using an exemplar-based inpainting technique with color variance. The results show that the proposed method can produce visually pleasing results. Additionally, it reduces the inpainting time and provides efficient computing. Show more

Keywords: Video inpainting, image inpainting, exemplar-based inpainting, spatiotemporal domain

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-200542

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5609-5622, 2021

Authors: Zhang, Yu | Yu, Zhengtao | Mao, Cunli | Huang, Yuxin | Gao, Shengxiang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Correlation analysis of law-related news is a task to of dividing news into law-related or law-unrelated news, which is the basis of public opinion analysis. Public opinion news consists of the title and the body. The title describes the theme of the news, and the body describes the content of the news. They are equally important and interdependent in the analysis of lawrelated news. Therefore, we make full use of the dependence between the title and the body and propose a learning method that combines the bidirectional attention flow of the title and the body. This method encodes the title …and the body respectively by using a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) to obtain the word-level feature matrix of the title and the word-level feature matrix of the body. Then it further extracts the law relevant key features from the body feature matrix, to obtain the word-level feature representation of the body. Finally, we combine the word-level feature representation of the title and the body to build bidirectional attention flow. In this way, the information of the two is fully integrated and interacted to improve the accuracy of the legal correlation analysis of news. To verify the validity of the method in this paper, we conducted experiments on the analysis of law-related news. The results show that our method has achieved good results. Compared with the baseline method, the F1 values of our method is increased by 2.2%, which strongly proves that the interaction between title and body has a good supporting effect on news text classification. Show more

Keywords: Law-related news, public opinion analysis, title combined body, bidirectional attention flow

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201162

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5623-5635, 2021

Authors: Sun, Rui | Han, Meng | Zhang, Chunyan | Shen, Mingyao | Du, Shiyu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: High utility itemset mining (HUIM) with negative utility is an emerging data mining task. However, the setting of the minimum utility threshold is always a challenge when mining high utility itemsets (HUIs) with negative items. Although the top-k HUIM method is very common, this method can only mine itemsets with positive items, and the problem of missing itemsets occurs when mining itemsets with negative items. To solve this problem, we first propose an effective algorithm called THN (Top-k High Utility Itemset Mining with Negative Utility). It proposes a strategy for automatically increasing the minimum utility threshold. In order to solve …the problem of multiple scans of the database, it uses transaction merging and dataset projection technology. It uses a redefined sub-tree utility value and a redefined local utility value to prune the search space. Experimental results on real datasets show that THN is efficient in terms of runtime and memory usage, and has excellent scalability. Moreover, experiments show that THN performs particularly well on dense datasets. Show more

Keywords: Utility mining, high utility itemsets mining, top-k high utility itemsets, negative utility

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201357

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5637-5652, 2021

Authors: Sun, Xiaofei | Li, Jianming | Ma, Jialiang | Xu, Huiqing | Chen, Bin | Zhang, Yuefei | Feng, Tao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Chromosome visualization has been used in human chromosome analysis and is a crucial step in clinical diagnosis and drug development. An important step in chromosome visualization is the extraction of chromosomes from chromosome images obtained by light microscopy. Chromosomes often overlap in a complex and variable manner, resulting in significant challenges in chromosome segmentation. The process of chromosome visualization requires manual intervention and is tedious. A method based on a neural network is proposed for the automatic segmentation of overlapping chromosome images to speed up the workflow of visualizing chromosomes. Three improved dilated convolutions are used in the chromosome image …segmentation models based on U-Net. The proposed models successfully segment overlapping chromosomes in two publicly available overlapping chromosome data sets. Our models have better performance than existing overlapping chromosome segmentation methods based on U-Net. In summary, it is demonstrated that the improved dilated convolutions can be used for the automatic segmentation of overlapping chromosome images. The proposed improved dilated convolutions have a stable performance improvement, can be easily extended to the segmentation of multiple overlapping chromosomes, and are suitable as general neural network operations to replace standard convolutions in any network. Show more

Keywords: Overlapping chromosomes, image segmentation, improved dilated convolution, artificial intelligence, light microscopy

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201466

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5653-5668, 2021

Authors: Jingni, Guo | Junxiang, Xu | Zhenggang, He

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The construction of the Sichuan-Tibet railway is encountered with some problems such as complicated geological conditions, bad climate, active plate movement, and sensitive ecological environment. Therefore, scientific and reasonable site selection is an essential guarantee for the smooth construction of the Sichuan-Tibet railway. Through constructing weighted scoring function and intuitionistic fuzzy similarity model and researching the dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method considering time factor, the location decision of client-supplied goods and materials support center for Sichuan-Tibet railway construction can be complete, and the research theories and methods of location problem worldwide can be analyzed. Given the route direction and …engineering construction of the Ya’an-Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet railway, this paper aims to set up seven client-supplied goods and materials support centers as alternative site selection schemes, which integrates six factors (transportation, geological conditions, climate environment, site selection characteristics, engineering construction, and communication conditions) and constructs 12 index systems for client-supplied goods and materials support center location selection. Combining with the index system, the intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making matrices for four periods are established. Besides, using a dynamic intuitionistic multi-attribute decision-making method, the weighted results of similarity decision-making matrices are compared, and the location schemes of client-supplied goods and materials support centers are sequenced. The results demonstrate that Linzhi is the best site selection scheme for the construction client-supplied goods and materials support center of Ya’an to Linzhi section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, providing reference significance for supporting the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway Project. Show more

Keywords: Sichuan-tibet railway, client-supplied goods and materials, location decision, dynamic multiple attribute decision, intuitionistic fuzzy set, similarity degree

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201572

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5669-5679, 2021

Authors: Imran, | Ahmad, Shabir | Kim, Do Hyeun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Mountains are attraction spots for tourists, and tourism contributes to the country’s gross domestic product. Mountains have many benefits such as biodiversity, tourism, and the supplication of food, to name a few. However, there are challenges to protect mountain lives from hazards such as fire caused by tourist activities in mountains. The in-time fire detection and notification to the authorities have always been the central point in literature studies, and different studies have been carried out to optimize the notification time. In this paper, we model the fire detection and notification as a real-time internet of things application and uses …task orchestration and task scheduling mechanism to provide scalability along with optimal latency. The proposed fire detection and prediction mechanism detect mountain fire at the earliest stage and provide predictive analysis to prevent damage to mountain life and tourists. The architecture is based on microservice-based IoT task orchestration mechanism and device virtualization, which is not only lightweight but also handles a single problem in parallel chunks, thus optimizes the latency. The in-time information about the fire is used for predictive analysis and notified to safety authorities which helps them to make a more informed decisions to minimize the damage caused by mountain fire. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated in terms of different measures such as RMSE, MAPE, MSE, and MAPE. The proposed work approaches the fire detection and notification as a collection of tasks, and thus those tasks are selected for deployment which are guaranteed to be executed and have minimum latency. This idea of pre-planing the latency and task execution is the first attempt to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Show more

Keywords: Internet of things, fire safety, fire detection, fire notification, predictive analysis, microservices, fire tracking, virtual objects

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201614

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5681-5696, 2021

Authors: Ding, Xiong | Lu, Yan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to solve some optimization problems with many local optimal solutions, a microbial dynamic optimization (MDO) algorithm is proposed by the kinetic theory of hybrid food chain microorganism cultivation with time delay. In this algorithm, it is assumed that multiple microbial populations are cultivated in a culture system. The growth of microbial populations is not only affected by the flow of culture fluid injected into the culture system, the concentration of nutrients and harmful substances, but also by the interaction between the populations. The influence of culture medium which is injected regularly will suddenly increase the concentration of nutrients …and toxic substances, it will suddenly increase the impact on the population. These characteristics are used to construct absorption operators, grabbing operators, hybrid operators, and toxin operators; the global optimal solution of the optimization problem can be quickly solved by these operators and the population growth changes. The simulation experiment results show that the MDO algorithm has certain advantages for solving optimization problems with higher dimensions. Show more

Keywords: Swarm intelligence optimization algorithm, microbial culture kinetics, microbial population, microbial dynamics optimization (MDO)

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201828

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5697-5713, 2021

Authors: Sun, Hongchang | wang, Yadong | Niu, Lanqiang | Zhou, Fengyu | Li, Heng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Building energy consumption (BEC) prediction is very important for energy management and conservation. This paper presents a short-term energy consumption prediction method that integrates the Fuzzy Rough Set (FRS) theory and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, and is thus named FRS-LSTM. This method can find the most directly related factors from the complex and diverse factors influencing the energy consumption, which improves the prediction accuracy and efficiency. First, the FRS is used to reduce the redundancy of the input features by the attribute reduction of the factors affecting the energy consumption forecasting, and solves the data loss problem caused …by the data discretization of a classical rough set. Then, the final attribute set after reduction is taken as the input of the LSTM networks to obtain the final prediction results. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, this study used the actual data of a public building to predict the building’s energy consumption, and compared the proposed model with the LSTM, Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation (LM-BP), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models. The experimental results reveal that the presented FRS-LSTM model achieves higher prediction accuracy compared with other comparative models. Show more

Keywords: Short-term energy consumption prediction, fuzzy rough set, long short-term memory, QuickReduct, public buildings

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201857

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5715-5729, 2021

Authors: Tong, Mingyu | Duan, Huiming | Luo, Xilin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In view of the uncertainties in short-time traffic flows and the multimode correlation of traffic flow data, a grey prediction model for short-time traffic flows based on tensor decomposition is proposed. First, traffic flow data are expressed as tensors based on the multimode characteristics of traffic flow data, and the principle of the tensor decomposition algorithm is introduced. Second, the Verhulst model is a classic grey prediction model that can effectively predict saturated S-type data, but traffic flow data do not have saturated S-type data. Therefore, the tensor decomposition algorithm is applied to the Verhulst model, and then, the Verhulst …model of the tensor decomposition algorithm is established. Finally, the new model is applied to short-term traffic flow prediction, and an instance analysis shows that the model can deeply excavate the multimode correlation of traffic flow data. At the same time, the effect of the new model is superior to five other grey prediction models. The predicted results can provide intelligent transportation system planning, control and optimization with reliable real-time dynamic information in a timely manner. Show more

Keywords: Intelligent transportation, short-term traffic flow forecasting, grey model, tensor decomposition

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201873

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5731-5741, 2021

Authors: Guo, Yiming | Zhang, Hui | Xia, Zhijie | Dong, Chang | Zhang, Zhisheng | Zhou, Yifan | Sun, Han

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The rolling bearing is the crucial component in the rotating machinery. The degradation process monitoring and remaining useful life prediction of the bearing are necessary for the condition-based maintenance. The commonly used deep learning methods use the raw or processed time domain data as the input. However, the feature extracted by these approaches is insufficient and incomprehensive. To tackle this problem, this paper proposed an improved Deep Convolution Neural Network with the dual-channel input from the time and frequency domain in parallel. The proposed methodology consists of two stages: the incipient failure identification and the degradation process fitting. To verify …the effectiveness of the method, the IEEE PHM 2012 dataset is adopted to compare the proposed method and other commonly used approaches. The results show that the improved Deep Convolution Neural Network can effectively describe the degradation process for the rolling bearing. Show more

Keywords: Rolling bearing, Deep Convolution Neural Network, remaining useful life prediction, dual-channel input

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-201965

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5743-5751, 2021

Authors: Kreinovich, Vladik

Article Type: Book Review

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189730

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5753-5755, 2021

Authors: Kreinovich, Vladik

Article Type: Book Review

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189731

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 5757-5758, 2021