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The aim of the International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is to contribute to intersciences coupling applied electromagnetics, mechanics and materials. The journal also intends to stimulate the further development of current technology in industry. The main subjects covered by the journal are:
- Physics and mechanics of electromagnetic materials and devices
- Computational electromagnetic in materials and devices
- Applications of electromagnetic fields and forces
The three interrelated key subjects - materials, electromagnetics and mechanics - include the following aspects: control, micromachines, intelligent structure, inverse problem, eddy current analysis, electromagnetic NDE, magnetic materials, magnetoelastic effects in materials, bioelectromagnetics, magnetosolid mechanics, magnetic levitations, applied physics of superconductors, superconducting magnet technology, superconducting propulsion system, nuclear fusion reactor components and wave propagation in electromagnetic fields.
Authors: Bonnard, Charles-Henri | Jamshidpour, Ehsan | Fontchastagner, Julien | Didier, Gaëtan | Zandi, Hamidreza | Takorabet, Noureddine
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper aims to improve the efficiency, affordability, and safety of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) devices. While wireless inductive charging is common in devices like smartphones, charging electric vehicles presents significant challenges due to high frequency electromagnetic fields that can be dangerous for users and those nearby. Current systems are expensive due to the use of specialized materials and components. By developing WPT systems with drastically reduced frequency levels, this research has the potential to significantly impact the widespread adoption of affordable, safe, and efficient WPT devices for high-power applications like electric vehicle charging. In fact, using lower frequencies allows …us to build WPT systems with far less expensive materials, e.g. no need of Litz wires and ferrites that can be replaced by single core copper wires and classical magnetic steels. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through simulation using MATLAB Simulink® and experimental tests. The results indicate that it is possible to maintain good performance, reduce limitations and costs, and improve user acceptance of WPT systems by considerably lowering the frequency of electromagnetic fields that are classically used in such systems. Show more
Keywords: Wireless energy transfer, Inductive Power Transfer (IPT), Electric Vehicles (EVs), wireless charging system, resonant coupling
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230239
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Hamidouche, Rayane | Mezani, Smail | Lubin, Thierry | Hamiti, Tahar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This paper deals with the design and test of a contactless capacitive power converter operating at a frequency of 1 MHz, intended to supply the excitation winding of an 80 kW wound rotor synchronous machine. The methodology integrates the electromagnetic design of the rotor and its impact on the different parameters of the converter. To verify the validity of the concept, a first prototype was built by using surface-mounted capacitors grounded on the structure of a 1 MHz Class E resonant power converter. Then, a more representative capacitive contactless coupler was designed and implemented. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results …have shown the limits of the proposed contactless power transmission. Special attention was paid on losses and efficiency which are crucial for this application. Show more
Keywords: Contactless power converter, capacitive power transfer, wound rotor synchronous machine, high-frequency class E converter
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230245
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Mysiński, Michał | Jędryczka, Cezary | Demenko, Andrzej | Macyszyn, Łukasz
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The paper presents the results of research on the spatial distribution of the multi-phase, distributed windings in electric machines. The focus was on the analysis of the harmonics of the current linkage spatial distributions. To perform calculations for different windings patterns, taking into account the number of phases, pole pairs, and the number q of slots per pole and phase, the dedicated code was developed in the Matlab environment. Nine different multi-phase windings were studied, for which magnetomotive force (MMF ) was determined to investigate the harmonic content and total harmonic distortion. The obtained results were compared with a …reference three-phase symmetric system. Studies were also carried out on torque ripple and power density for different numbers of winding phases. Show more
Keywords: Multi-phase electrical machines, current linkage harmonics, finite element method, THD
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230242
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Zhu, Junda | Barmada, Sami | Ceraolo, Massimo | Fontana, Nunzia | Musolino, Antonino
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: In this article, a magnetic shield for automotive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems is proposed. Its innovative feature consists in the positioning of the shield, that is part of the Ground Assembly (GA) of the WPT system. Passive coils, assembled in an array-like structure to build the shields properly located near the transmitting coils are investigated. Currently, there are a variety of shielding methods, each of them with its peculiar feature. The proposed method is simple and does not increase the transmitting and the receiving coil sizes, a constraint that is often critical from a practical and an economical point …of view. The main characteristic of the proposed shielding method is the location of the shielding coils on the same level as the GA. The results here presented are validated by Finite Element (FE) based simulations and are referred to an experimental prototype of wireless charging systems for electric vehicles operating at 85 kHz with a transmitted nominal power of 3.3 kW. The results show that the proposed shield reduces the leakage magnetic flux density in the system up to 37% with a marginal impact on the transmission efficiency, complying the SAE J2954 international standard. Show more
Keywords: Resonant coil matrix, shielding, wireless power transfer
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230207
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Bergfried, Christian | Späck-Leigsnering, Yvonne | Seebacher, Roland | Eickhoff, Heinrich | Muetze, Annette
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Finite element models of electrical machines allow insights in electrothermal stresses which endanger the insulation system of the machine. This paper presents a thermal finite element model of a 3.7 kW squirrel-cage induction machine. The model resolves the conductors and the surrounding insulation materials in the stator slots. A set of transient thermal scenarios is defined and measured in the machine laboratory. These data are used to assess the finite element model.
Keywords: Finite element method, electrical machines, insulation system, thermal stresses, numerical field simulation
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230233
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Roger, Daniel | Rossi, Mathieu | Komeza, Krzysztof | Napieralska, Ewa | Cambier, Jérôme
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: This article proposes a design of windings for medium-frequency transformers (MFTs) at the heart of high-power Solid-State Transformers (SSTs). With aluminum interleaved foils of the correct thicknesses, it is possible to obtain low winding losses and a very low leakage inductance well adapted to high-power SSTs able to operate in the medium-voltage grid (5–20 kV). The MFT equivalent resistance and leakage inductance are determined using an analytical model based on Dowell’s hypotheses. Several interleaved winding configurations are analyzed and compared to the standard structure made of two concentric foil coils. The experimental validation is made with short-circuit tests of an MFT …fed by a low-level square voltage source at several kHz, which can provide the necessary high current. Show more
Keywords: Solid-State Transformer (SST), medium frequency transformer (MFT), aluminum-foil winding, grain oriented electrical steel (GOES) wound core
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230404
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Aomar, Lyes | Ikhelef, Nabil | Taibi, Ahmed
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the fundamentals of an original method of shaft alignment for rotating machines based on the principle of wireless power transfer (WPT) process. WPT alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than existing methods (conventional mechanical methods or Laser-optical method) and can result in reduced power consumption and minimized mean time between failures. Shaft alignment is an important factor in the proper functioning and longevity of machinery. Proper shaft alignment ensures that the rotating shafts of a machine are in a straight line and rotate on the same axis. …This contributes to reducing the wear and tear on the bearings and other components of the machine, leading to improved reliability and longer service life. A high precision WPT alignment system has been designed with the primary coil placed in the driver machine, as an electrical motor, and the secondary coil placed in the driven machine, as a pump. The calculation of the magnetic interactions between both coils (primary and secondary coils), in particular the mutual inductance and coupling coefficient, perfectly explains deviations in the shaft (angular misalignment and parallel offset) and aligns entirely with measurement results, with a difference of approximately 4%. This new alignment method with magnetic interactions has proven effective in designing and implementing actual shaft alignment. WPT alignment offers precise shaft alignment tools for proper alignment of shafts and reduces troubleshooting issues. Show more
Keywords: Coupling coefficient, magnetic interactions, mutual inductance, shaft alignment, wireless power transfer
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230235
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Zhang, Yang | Kong, Wanqi | Luo, Jiming | Mu, Yanlong | Li, Ting | Decker, Duane
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: As one sort of flux modulation machine based on magnetic gear effect, field-modulated machine features with low speed large torque. A novel hybrid excitation field-modulated machine (HEFMM) is proposed by introducing the concept of hybrid excitation, the flux modulation poles (FMPs) and excitation winding of which are emplaced in stator teeth and the adjacent FMPs. It can be maintained wide speed range operation through the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening with no increasing machine bulk, as well as the numbers of stator and rotor slot. The working principle of proposed machine is deeply studied, as well as basic electromagnetic characteristics …are calculated by finite element method, including no-load magnetic flux linkage, no-load back electromotive force, cogging torque and output torque. In addition, the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening are analyzed. Finally, one prototype with one kilowatt was built and its static characteristics were tested. The results show that the proposed HEFMM has the features of high torque density, small cogging torque and wide speed range, which is promising candidate for electric vehicle direct drive field. Show more
Keywords: Vernier machine, magnetic field regulation, hybrid excitation, wide speed range
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220288
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Zuidema, Gerlof | Krop, Dave C.J. | Lomonova, Elena A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: A multiple-input and multiple-output planar actuator is proposed, which utilizes mechanically driven stator magnet arrays to levitate a permanent magnet mover. A state of levitation and actuation is obtained by mechanically altering the orientation of the stator magnets to control the forces and torques on the mover. A challenge for the design and control of the actuator is inverting the relationship between the force and stator magnet rotation angles, as there is no closed-form analytical solution. In this study, a feed-forward neural network is applied to model the forward relation between stator magnet angle input and a force and torque …output to reduce the forward computation time for the design process and for error estimation in real-time applications. Additionally, the neural network is considered for inverting the solution for a motion profile sampled at 1000 Hz. The developed forward model is able to calculate the forces and torques on the mover a factor 10 faster than the equivalent charge or Fourier model with an absolute error of 3 mN and 0.1 mNm for the forces and torques, respectively, and a feed-forward neural network is able to accurately learn an inverse solution for small motion profiles. Show more
Keywords: Magnetic levitation, permanent magnets, inverse problem, neural network
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230221
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Wang, Yi Duan | Yang, Guo Lai | Wu, Qing Le
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: As a new type of braking method, the eddy current brake (ECB) is nowadays widely applied in life and military. The ECB can generate the strong resistance by the magnetic field, and obtaining the accurate magnetic induction distribution is essential in the ECB modeling. This paper proposes an analytical model of a cylinder ECB used in the artillery that operates under the intense impact load. This model takes the axial edge effects into consideration in both static and dynamic conditions. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and working principle of this ECB. Secondly, a multilayer theory with virtual region is …proposed to calculate the magnetic induction distribution considering the end effect. Thirdly, Finite Element Method (FEM) model is established to describe the spatial variation of the magnetic field in different conditions. Finally, the analytical model is compared with the FEM model to prove its validity and predict the working characteristic of the ECB under the intense impact load, the max recoil displacement and speed range both meet design and work requirements. Show more
Keywords: Analytical model, eddy current brake, multilayer theory, axial edge effect
DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230157
Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
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