International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 75, issue 4

Authors: Wang, Yi Duan | Yang, Guo Lai | Wu, Qing Le

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As a new type of braking method, the eddy current brake (ECB) is nowadays widely applied in life and military. The ECB can generate the strong resistance by the magnetic field, and obtaining the accurate magnetic induction distribution is essential in the ECB modeling. This paper proposes an analytical model of a cylinder ECB used in the artillery that operates under the intense impact load. This model takes the axial edge effects into consideration in both static and dynamic conditions. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and working principle of this ECB. Secondly, a multilayer theory with virtual region is …proposed to calculate the magnetic induction distribution considering the end effect. Thirdly, Finite Element Method (FEM) model is established to describe the spatial variation of the magnetic field in different conditions. Finally, the analytical model is compared with the FEM model to prove its validity and predict the working characteristic of the ECB under the intense impact load, the max recoil displacement and speed range both meet design and work requirements. Show more

Keywords: Analytical model, eddy current brake, multilayer theory, axial edge effect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230157

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 355-372, 2024

Authors: Yu, Caofeng | Yang, Kun | Peng, Jingjing | Wei, Yijun | Shen, Gang | Li, Baokun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A coaxially integrated macro-micro composite actuator (MMCA) with large stroke and high accuracy is proposed by combining a voice coil motor (VCM) with the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA). The magnetic circuit model of the macro-motion part is established based on the driving principle of VCM, and the multi-field coupling model of the micro-motion part is established based on the Jiles-Atherton model. The finite element method was used to analyze the relationship between displacement, output force, velocity, acceleration, and time of the macro-motion part under different currents, the magnetic flux density, output force, and displacement curves of the micro-motion part, and …the mutual influence between the macro and micro motion parts were analyzed. The prototype of the MMCA was developed, and an experimental test platform was built. The results show that the MMCA macro-motion displacement curve can fit the simulation curve well during open-loop positioning, and when the current size of the input macro-motion coil is 4 A, the experimental curve of the MMCA is the most consistent with the simulation curve. When closed-loop control, the motion curve of the drive can well follow the set displacement curve, in which the maximum stroke of the prototype developed is 50 mm, the positioning error of the macro-motion part is less than 20 μm, the maximum stroke of the micro-motion part is 40 μm, and the overall positioning accuracy of the MMCA is 0.14 μm. The research results provide a new idea and theoretical basis for further optimization and development of precision positioning platform with high precision and large stroke. Show more

Keywords: Finite element analysis, macro-micro composite actuator, positioning accuracy, precision motion workbench

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230236

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 373-392, 2024

Authors: Zhang, Yang | Kong, Wanqi | Luo, Jiming | Mu, Yanlong | Li, Ting | Decker, Duane

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As one sort of flux modulation machine based on magnetic gear effect, field-modulated machine features with low speed large torque. A novel hybrid excitation field-modulated machine (HEFMM) is proposed by introducing the concept of hybrid excitation, the flux modulation poles (FMPs) and excitation winding of which are emplaced in stator teeth and the adjacent FMPs. It can be maintained wide speed range operation through the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening with no increasing machine bulk, as well as the numbers of stator and rotor slot. The working principle of proposed machine is deeply studied, as well as basic electromagnetic characteristics …are calculated by finite element method, including no-load magnetic flux linkage, no-load back electromotive force, cogging torque and output torque. In addition, the processes of flux-enhancing and flux-weakening are analyzed. Finally, one prototype with one kilowatt was built and its static characteristics were tested. The results show that the proposed HEFMM has the features of high torque density, small cogging torque and wide speed range, which is promising candidate for electric vehicle direct drive field. Show more

Keywords: Vernier machine, magnetic field regulation, hybrid excitation, wide speed range

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-220288

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 393-405, 2024

Authors: Yang, Guangxin | Pan, Jiabao | Wang, Daoming

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Magnetorheological materials refer to field-response smart materials whose properties are controllable with a magnetic field, including fluid, grease, elastomer, and gel. The unique magnetorheological effect exhibited by these smart materials is a physical phenomenon where physics and engineering intersect and has extensive application prospects in modern machinery. In electro-mechanical systems, magnetorheological materials offer a superior design method for mechanical devices used in the fields of transmission, damping, and braking. It is important to control the magnetorheological materials for advancing the design philosophy of modern electro-mechanical devices. Hence, this paper presents a recent progressive review on the fundamentals of magnetorheological materials …and numerous applications. Firstly, an introduction to the magnetorheological effect and different types of magnetorheological materials are presented in this review. Then, the individual and coupled effects of sedimentation, temperature, and magnetic field on magnetorheological materials are discussed. Finally, magnetorheological materials-based devices have been extensively reviewed, including actuator, clutch, damper, brake, pump, valve, and robot, thus aiming to provide useful information for facilitating the design of complex electro-mechanical systems. Show more

Keywords: Magnetorheological materials, magnetorheological effect, stability, reliability

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230195

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 407-443, 2024

Authors: Wei, Yanqun | Zhang, Jingjing | Hu, Qiang | Ma, Lizhen | Yao, Zeen | Yang, Jing | Jin, Lian | Yao, Qinggao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As one of the key components of synchrotron injection and extraction system, the perturbation of the beam generated by the septum magnet in the non-deflection direction will directly affect the orbit matching of the injected and extracted beam. Reducing the leakage field during the development of the septum magnet is a crucial one. Based on the theory of electromagnetic field, the leakage field analysis of septum magnet was carried out by using the electromagnetic field analysis software-Opera. In order to reduce the leakage field, the variation of the leakage field with different shielding structures were analyzed, and the shielding structure …was optimized by using the parametric scanning finite element numerical calculation optimization method. Eventually, a leakage field shielding structure with multilayer metal plate combination was proposed, which significantly reduced the leakage field of the septum magnet. Furthermorethe magnetic field and leakage field were measured by using the Hall probe, and the measurement results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. Show more

Keywords: Septum magnet, leakage field, magnetic shielding, structural design, optimization analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230078

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 445-457, 2024

Authors: Lv, Pin | Ma, Haotian | Su, Xunwen | Xu, Donghui | Liu, Ziyang | Liu, Lulu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to weaken the torque ripple caused by cogs torque and increase the output torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Improved Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (IMOSSA) and Spearman correlation analysis. Firstly, the improved strategy of Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Algorithm (MOSSA) was proposed, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm was further verified by the performance test of the algorithm. Then, the motor simulation model was established, and the high correlation parameters were filtered out by Spearman correlation analysis. The response surface model was established …by Response Surface Method (RSM), and the regression equation was given. The IMOSSA was used for iterative optimization. Through optimization, the experimental results show that under the premise of meeting the efficiency design requirements, the average output torque of the motor is increased by 21.35%, the torque ripple and cogging torque are reduced by 45.04% and 39.17% respectively, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet motor, multi-objective optimization, spearman correlation analysis, Improve Multi-Objective Salp Swarm Algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230121

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 459-477, 2024

Authors: Zhao, Hanyu | Zhang, Yueyue | Tu, Jianjian | Zheng, Fan | Li, Jiale

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The coupling of magnetic, thermal and structural force fields exists in the design, manufacture and operation of the magnetic core of transformer and motor, which makes the experimental data obtained from the standard magnetic properties measurement inconsistent with the actual problem. In order to obtain the magnetic properties measurement data of soft magnetic materials such as electrical steel sheet under multiple physical factors, the magnetic circuit structure was improved on the basis of the standard single sheet tester. At the same time, anti-bending clips made of polyether ether ketone were installed in order to prevent the bending deformation of the …sample sheet during the application of tensile stress which would lead to uneven force. Then0 this basic structure of the tester under the coupling of temperature and stress is designed. In order to further improve the excitation performance of the tester and the magnetization uniformity of the sample, combined with COMSOL and MATLAB co-simulation, adaptive genetic algorithm was used to optimize the size of the yoke and excitation coil, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution in the measurement area of the sample. Finally, by combining simulation and specific experiments, the loss measurement results of a single sheet tester under different ambient temperatures and different stresses are studied, which proves that the tester is feasible and accurate, and the variation law of complex magnetic characteristics of electrical steel sheets under multiple physical fields is summarized. Show more

Keywords: Single sheet tester, multiple physical factors, adaptive genetic algorithm, COMSOL, MATLAB

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230162

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 479-495, 2024

Authors: Yue, Qiming | Yang, Panpan | Li, Zixuan | Wen, Yongshuang | Zhang, Leian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The critical speed of eddy current braking is a vital parameter in the design of eddy current braking devices. Currently, most simulations and experiments are used to determine the critical speed, which means a lot of time costs. This paper presents two laws of critical speed variation to help designers more quickly determine the critical speed of a particular eddy current braking device. At first, the structure and the critical speed principle of permanent magnet rotary eddy current brake (PMRECB) are described. Secondly, the finite element analysis is used to verify the accuracy of the two laws. Finally, the validity …of the finite element model is confirmed by the eddy current braking test. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet rotary eddy current brake (PMRECB), conductor plate conductivity, PMRECB size, critical speed, finite element analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-230292

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 497-508, 2024