International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 64, issue S1

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Wiak, Slawomir

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many-objective problems, characterized by a high-dimensional objective space, are a source of challenge for standard methods of multi-objective optimization. An evolutionary algorithm based on the concept of least-conflict solutions is here presented; the shape design of a IPM motor is considered as the case study. In particular, optimization problems dealing with 3 and 4 objective functions have been solved, respectively.

Keywords: Many-objective optimization, evolutionary computing, finite-element analysis, inverse magnetostatics, permanent-magnet motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209510

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S131-S142, 2020

Authors: Pile, Raphaël | Le Besnerais, Jean | Devillers, Emile | Degrendele, Karine

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The analysis of noise and vibrations under electromagnetic excitations (e-NVH) in electrical machines requires to study the stator mechanical response when excited by Maxwell stress waves. In particular, the notion of unit-wave Frequency Response Function (FRF) is often used in e-NVH simulations to model the mechanical response under electromagnetic excitations and troubleshoot noise issues. However, it is not possible to directly measure the unit-wave FRF on the electrical machines and validate the model. Instead, the Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is often compared to a Finite Element (FE) model in order to fit the numerical parameters (damping, boundary conditions, etc.). This paper …is presenting a complementary approach to fully numerical e-NVH analysis. It is a new hybrid methodology based on experiments for the mechanical FRF and simulation for the magnetic excitations. This is performed with dedicated experimental measurements and post-processing. The new methodology builds an equivalent unit-wave FRF from experimental measurements. The methodology is validated with the diagnose of electromagnetic noise issues for an experimental benchmark Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (SPMSM). Show more

Keywords: Magneto-mechanical analysis, electrical machine, vibration, SPMSM, magnetic force, frequency response function

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209511

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S143-S154, 2020

Authors: Nobahari, Amin | Vahedi, Abolfazl | Takorabet, Noureddine

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Various design approaches have been studied for performance improvement of permanent magnet motors, especially for electric vehicles application. This paper deals with an effective concept that is based on adopting non-traditional geometries for permanent magnet poles. The study focuses on a general methodology for optimal sizing of the rotor poles’ pre-defined geometrical parameters considering certain objectives. For this purpose, the artificial neural network is employed for creating an accurate and simple model to be used in a multi-objective optimization procedure. An interior crescent-shaped permanent magnet motor for an electric motorcycle is studied as a typical case study to prove the …performance of the proposed method. Finite element models are developed to create the required dataset for the modeling stage as well as to verify the results. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet motors, design optimization, permanent magnet shaping, ANN model, torque profile, electric motorcycle

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209512

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S155-S166, 2020

Authors: Balavoine, François | Bauw, Grégory | Cassoret, Bertrand | Romary, Raphaël

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, two passive solutions for noise reduction of PWM-fed induction machines are compared: the use of LC filter connected between the PWM inverter and the machine, and a three-phase damper wound inside the machine and connected to three capacitors. Firstly, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of each solution are recalled. The equivalent electrical circuits used for the study are also explained. Then, the effectiveness of both solutions in terms of voltage harmonic reduction and harmonic flux density reduction is discussed. The weight and size criteria are also studied. Results are given for two different power ranges of induction …machines: 4 kW and 55 kW, and for two different switching frequencies of the PWM inverter: 3 kHz and 8 kHz. Show more

Keywords: Induction machine, PWM, passive, LC filter, damper, harmonics, noise

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209513

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S167-S177, 2020

Authors: Takahara, Kazuaki | Hirata, Katsuhiro | Niguchi, Noboru | Amazutsumi, Tomoya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (multi-DOF) actuating systems are usually composed of several single-DOF motors, which results in large, heavy and complicated structures. In order to solve these problems, various multi-DOF spherical actuators have been actively studied. However, a large number of current phases are required in the spherical actuator. In this paper, in order to reduce the number of current phases, a 3-DOF spherical actuator with auxiliary poles which is driven using 5-phase currents is proposed. Finally, the torque characteristics of the proposed actuator are evaluated through 3-D finite element analysis.

Keywords: Multi-degree-of-freedom, spherical actuator, auxiliary pole

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209514

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S179-S189, 2020

Authors: Domin, Jarosław

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The growing applications area of an electromagnetic launcher lead to numerous researches on new constructions and analyzes of existing and novel solutions of this type of device. The typical solutions with a coil or rail drive (named coil-gun and rail-gun) as well as a new hybrid construction which is a combination of these two types of drives are known. The paper presents the construction and mathematical model of the hybrid electromagnetic launcher (containing coil-gun and rail-gun module) with pneumatic assists, but the main purpose of this paper is to present measurement and simulation results of rails deformation for an electromagnetic …launcher with rails (rail-gun module). The computer simulations were made using Inventor Professional software. In the measurement system the laser displacement sensor was used. Show more

Keywords: Railgun, electromagnetic launcher, hybrid electromagnetic launcher, coilgun, electrodynamic force

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209515

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S191-S202, 2020

Authors: Iatcheva, Ilona | Saykova, Ilonka

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper deals with modeling and analysis of coupled electro-thermal processes during the pulsed electric field treatment of cellular materials for extraction of bioactive compounds. Subject of consideration is evaluation of heat effects: appearance of local thermal spots and high temperature gradients in the treated tissue. The presence of these phenomena is important for the processing: it aids the process of electroporation and thereby is useful for the extraction, but also could cause overheating and deterioration of the product quality. The analysis is provided using the finite element method, applied to the coupled time-dependent electric and transient thermal field problem. …The mechanisms of heat transfer are studied by numerical simulations corresponding to the parameters (type and duration of electric pulses) of experimental examination of the processes of extraction of substances from vegetable seeds. Two steps are considered in the modeling: before and after electroporation. The field analysis after electroporation is carried out for correspondingly changed size and properties of the contact area between the cells. The obtained results can be used for adjustment of the process parameters in order to improve the yield of the extracted substances, without risk of overheating and degrading the quality of extracted product. Show more

Keywords: Coupled electro-thermal field modelling, cellular materials, finite element method, heat effects, electroporation, pulse electric field, substances extraction

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209518

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S203-S220, 2020

Authors: Bijak, Joanna | Trawiński, Tomasz | Szczygieł, Marcin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To represent energy gathered in energy harvester, it is necessary to simulate movement of the energy harvester parts. The aim of this article is to present a new way to simulate movement of energy harvester in point of view of robotic approach. The power buoy is one of the best examples to show potentiality of modelling such mechanism as robotic chain. In the article two ways of buoy’s motion are presented. As a result it occurs that it is possible to use robots kinematic chain theory to present kinematic chain of energy harvesting system.

Keywords: Energy harvesting, homogenous transformation, wave energy harvester, buoy movement

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209519

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S221-S233, 2020

Authors: Rymarczyk, Tomasz | Kozłowski, Edward | Tchórzewski, Paweł | Kłosowski, Grzegorz | Adamkiewicz, Przemysław

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The article presents machine learning methods in the field of reconstruction of tomographic images. The presented research results show that electric tomography makes it possible to analyze objects without interfering with them. The work focused mainly on electrical impedance tomography and image reconstruction using deterministic methods and machine learning, reconstruction results were compared and various numerical models were used. The main advantage of the presented solution is the ability to analyze spatial data and high speed of processing. The implemented algorithm based on logistic regression is promising in image reconstruction. In addition, the elastic net method was used to solve …the problem of selecting input variables in the regression model. Show more

Keywords: Electrical tomography, inverse problem, logistic regression

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209520

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S235-S252, 2020

Authors: Bekir, Wissem | Amraoui, Lilia EL | Gillon, Frédéric

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents an optimization method that deal with control techniques for electrical machines, in order to impose a displacement with a minimum of energy consumption. It’s a generic method; However, its application to electrical machines is complex for implementation. The present work provides the shape of the optimal solution. Moreover, a resolution technique related to the nature of the model is proposed, which facilitate the numerical resolution of costate problem. The method is applied to hybrid stepper motor and the obtained results are then analyzed.

Keywords: Efficiency, optimal control, dynamic programming, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, hybrid stepper motor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209522

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S253-S267, 2020

Authors: Lasek, Pawel | Habelok, Krzysztof | Stepien, Mariusz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The design considerations of AC machines with windings made of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are presented in the following paper. The considerations were narrowed to permanent-magnet excited machines, although the results can be extrapolated to many other machine types as general guidelines. The influence of basic machine parameters and coefficients during the design of such machines are considered in order to estimate operating conditions of HTS windings. The number of poles, number of slots or slot dimensions, coil placement, and arrangement, are taken into account with the intent to fully utilize features of superconducting materials such as the capability of conducting …high current density without significant losses. The attention is placed on low power machines, below 1 kW, operating at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). For analysis purposes, the finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field and its effect on the critical current of the HTS coil. The numerical analysis is carried out in ANSYS software. Show more

Keywords: Electric motors, high-temperature superconductors (HTS), finite element method (FEM)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209523

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S269-S278, 2020

Authors: Habelok, Krzysztof | Lasek, Pawel | Stepien, Mariusz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The influence of permanent magnet excitation on HTS coil in transverse-flux linear motor is analyzed. Numerical analysis using finite-element method is carried for two commonly used magnet arrays - alternating and Halbach. The influence of magnet arrangements on critical current density of HTS winding operating in temperature of liquid nitogen of 77 K is examined. The goal is to find optimal air gap size and magnet span to assure the best performance of the motor where anisotropy of superconductor is taken into account.

Keywords: Critical current density, electric linear motor, high-temperature superconductors (HTS), magnetic flux, permanent magnets

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209524

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S279-S286, 2020

Authors: Di Barba, Paolo | Dughiero, Fabrizio | Forzan, Michele | Lupi, Sergio | Mognaschi, Maria Evelina | Sieni, Elisabetta

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In industrial manufacturing process for tube production the stress relieving is achieved by heating the part to be treated at a very uniform temperature. In the paper, the optimized design of an inductor for stress relieving at temperature close to 600° is considered. The design of the inductor is initially performed by means an automated-design using optimization algorithms and objective functions that are minimized. In the range of obtained solutions, some of them appear more promising in terms of heating uniformity. Starting from these improved solutions, a technologically acceptable solution is proposed. This technological feasible solution is selected between the …ones obtained by means of a multi-objective optimization procedure and suitably adapted in order to achieve not only the technological targets but also a cost-effective design. Show more

Keywords: Multi-objective evolutionary optimization, multi-physics analysis, finite elements, induction heating

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209525

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S287-S296, 2020

Authors: Güney, Ömer Faruk | Çelik, Ahmet | Bozkurt, Ahmet Fevzi | Erkan, Kadir

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the electromagnetic and mechanical analysis of an axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor for high speed (12000 rpm) rotor which is vertically suspended by magnetic bearings. In the analysis, a prototype AFPM motor with a double-sided rotor and a coreless stator between the rotors are considered. Firstly, electromagnetic analysis of the motor is carried out by using magnetic equivalent circuit method. Then, the rotor disk thickness is determined based on a rotor axial displacement due to the attractive force between the permanent magnets placed on opposite rotor disks. Hereafter, an analytical solution is carried out to determine the …natural frequencies of the rotor-shaft system. Finally, 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to verify the analytical results and some experimental results are given to verify the analytical and numerical results and prove the stable high-speed operation. Show more

Keywords: Electromagnetic modeling, high speed, axial flux permanent magnet motor, mechanical stress analysis, rotor vibration analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209526

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. S1, pp. S297-S310, 2020