International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 64, issue 1-4

Authors: Diguet, Gildas | Sebald, Gael | Nakano, Masami | Lallart, Mickaël | Cavaillé, Jean-Yves

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magneto Rheological Elastomers (MREs) are composite materials based on an elastomer filled by magnetic particles. Anisotropic MRE can be easily manufactured by curing the material under homogeneous magnetic field which creates column of particles. The magnetic and elastic properties are actually coupled making these MREs suitable for energy conversion. From these remarkable properties, an energy harvesting device is considered through the application of a DC bias magnetic induction on two MREs as a metal piece is applying an AC shear strain on them. Such strain therefore changes the permeabilities of the elastomers, hence generating an AC magnetic induction which can …be converted into AC electrical signal with the help of a coil. The device is simulated with a Finite Element Method software to examine the effect of the MRE parameters, the DC bias magnetic induction and applied shear strain (amplitude and frequency) on the resulting electrical signal. Show more

Keywords: Energy conversion magnetic composite, shear strain

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209350

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 439-446, 2020

Authors: Chai, Wenping | Kwon, Byung-il

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a new rotor shape design with optimum reverse 3rd harmonic for wound field synchronous machines to effectively enhance the saliency ratio and reduce the torque ripple in a micro electric vehicle traction system. Due to the enhanced saliency ratio, the reluctance torque is expected to be improved. The air gap flux density distribution is reshaped by the new rotor shape method, which benefits the low torque ripple. By contrast, the reverse 3rd harmonic injection is much more suitable than the general 3rd harmonic injection for increasing the effective air gap length along the q -axis for a …high saliency ratio. Subsequently, three amplitudes of the reverse 3rd harmonic are studied and it is found that the optimum reverse 3rd harmonic is 1/6 of the fundamental one. To verify the effectivity of the proposed design, the original model and the ICS model are compared. Finally, all the motor characteristics, such as back electromotive force, cogging torque, and electromagnetic torque, are predicted using a 2-D finite-element method with the aid of JMAG-Designer. Show more

Keywords: WFSMs, rotor shape design, saliency ratio, average torque, torque ripple

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209351

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 447-455, 2020

Authors: Chen, Ning | Jiao, Xikai | Tan, Ruoyu | Zheng, Jieji | Fan, Shixun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a multi-parameter model of an ultrasonic motor for speed control. Firstly, the model is divided into the steady-state part and the dynamic part, and then the speed mapping relationship of amplitude, frequency, phase difference is described by linear function, exponential function, and hyperbolic tangent function, respectively in steady-state modeling. The least-square transfer function identification is used in the dynamic velocity modeling. This paper also constructs a modeling flowchart from the discrete models to the state-space function based on the pairwise combination of parameters, which can realize the flexible control of different parameters. Finally, the error box diagram …of the model and the comparison between the measured results and simulation ones both verify the effectiveness of the model. Show more

Keywords: Traveling wave ultrasonic motor, speed model, driving parameters, identification

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209352

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 457-464, 2020

Authors: Katagiri, Takuya | Chen, Guanren | Yusa, Noritaka | Hashizume, Hidetoshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, a TE01 mode converter was developed to locate an axial crack on the inner surface of a metal pipe. Three-dimensional finite element simulation was conducted to evaluate the effect of inserted coaxial cables on the transmission characteristic of the mode converter. The result showed that the energy of TE mode microwaves leaned to transmit to one side when the cables penetrated with inclination. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the mode converter, experimental verification was conducted. The mode converter was fabricated based on the simulation result. Microwaves were emitted through the pipe wall of the converter to …propagate on both sides (‘right side’ and ‘left side’) of a pipe with an artificial slit. Compared with the signals from each side, the reflection from the slit on the right side was more significant than that on the left side. This result is consistent with the numerical simulation result. Show more

Keywords: Nondestructive testing, metal pipe, surface crack, microwave, time-of-flight, TE01 mode, mode conversion

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209353

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 465-472, 2020

Authors: Wang, Ning | Wang, Huifang | Yang, Shiyou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A high order distribute circuit model of a laminated busbar is proposed in order to accurately simulate the fast turn-on and turn-off transients of a modern power electronic device. In the model, the predominant stray parameters of the loop inductance and the stray capacitance are considered. Moreover, a model order reduction (MOR) technique using the zero-pole elimination technique is presented to combat the high complexity of the extremely computationally expensive circuit model. The MOR methodology is implemented in two phases. The first phase is to compute the reduced order frequency model. In the second phase, this reduced model is synthesized …into a circuit model in a netlist representation (RLC elements), which can be integrated in any SPICE-like circuit solver. Finally, the proposed model and methodology are used to solve the transient performances of a prototype IGBT based inverter, showing excellent agreements with the experimental results. Show more

Keywords: Laminated busbar, stray parameters, model order reduction, synthesized equivalent circuit

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209354

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 473-482, 2020

Authors: Sato, Hayaho | Maruo, Akito | Igarashi, Hajime

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the three-dimensional modeling of soft magnetic composite (SMC) based on the discrete element method. The proposed method makes it possible to take the possible contact among the magnetic particles in SMC as well as the distributed particle size into consideration. Based on this modeling, the macroscopic B -H characteristics is computed with the finite element method considering magnetic saturation. It is shown that the three-dimensional model of SMC can have larger initial permeability in comparison with the two-dimensional model even if they have the same filling factor.

Keywords: Discrete element method, homogenization method, soft magnetic composite

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209355

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 483-492, 2020

Authors: Tang, Jian | Wang, Rongbiao | Zhang, Jikai | Kang, Yihua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: As a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor, the magnetic head has been gradually applied to non-destructive testing. Compared with the single coil and the coil with an iron core, the magnetic core can converge the weak leakage magnetic field because it can form a magnetic circuit to transmit the leakage field to the coil wound thereon. So that it has a higher sensitivity. However, in practical applications, it’s found that the pose error of the head affects its sensitivity. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of the tilt of the head on the magnetic core’s ability to sense leakage magnetic field, and …then the influence is verified by simulations and experiments. The study finds that, when tilted around two horizontal axes, the larger the tilt angle is, the larger the signal is. When tilted around the vertical axis, the larger the tilt angle is, the smaller the signal is. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic head, coil, sensor, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing, nondestructive testing (NDT)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209356

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 493-500, 2020

Authors: Wang, Rongbiao | Tang, Jian | Deng, Zhiyang | Kang, Yihua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is widely applied in the online detection of steel pipes. Different magnetizing directions are required for the detection of defects in different directions. As the speed of online MFL testing increases, the motion induced eddy current (MIEC) effect becomes significant, and the direction of the MIEC is perpendicular to defects in the same direction as the magnetization. Therefore, the magnetic field signal generated by the MIEC perturbation is analyzed by simulation and compared with MFL signal. It is found that the amplitude of the magnetic field signal generated by the MIEC perturbation increases with the …rise of the rotational speed and magnetization. In high rotational speed and strong magnetization, the amplitude of the magnetic field signal caused by MIEC perturbation is greater relative to the amplitude of the MFL signal, providing a possibility for detecting defects that are parallel to the direction of magnetization. Show more

Keywords: Motion induced eddy current (MIEC), circumferential defects, MIEC perturbation magnetic field

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209357

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 501-508, 2020

Authors: Qian, Hai | Qiu, Yuexiang | Yang, Yang | Xie, Fuzhe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The temperature field within a layered arch subjected to Dirichlet Boundary Conditions is investigated based on the exact heat conduction theory. An analytical method is shown to obtain the temperature field in the arch. Because of the complex of the temperature boundary conditions, the temperature field is divided into two parts with the linear superposition principle. The first part is a temperature filed from the temperature boundary conditions on the lateral surfaces. The second part is from the temperature conditions on the outside surfaces expect the influence from the two edges. The temperature solution of the first part is constructed …directly according to the temperature boundary conditions on the lateral surfaces. The temperature solution of the second part is studied with transfer matrix method. The convergence of the solutions is checked with respect to the number of the terms of series. Comparing the results with those obtained from the finite element method, the correctness of the present method is verified. Finally, the influences of surface temperature and the thickness-radius ratio h ∕r 0 on the distribution of temperature in the arch are discussed in detail. Show more

Keywords: Layered arch, heat conduction theory, temperature, the transfer matrix, Dirichlet boundary conditions

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209358

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 509-516, 2020

Authors: Huang, Haiyang | Wang, Cheng | Lai, Xiongming | Chen, Jianwei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to select the window function and window size adaptively before getting the results, we proposed adaptive moving window principle component analysis (AMWPCA) based OMA method to identify modal shapes and modal natural frequencies of slow LTV structures with weekly damped only from non-stationary vibration response signal online. The adaptive is achieved in two ways: change the window function or window size. We develop an adaptive indicator as the basis for window function and window size changes. Our adaptive approach is to make the difference between adjacent eigenvalues not too small. The operational modal parameter identification results in non-stationarity …response signal dataset of a three-degree-of-freedom structure with slow time-varying mass show that comparing with fixed size moving window principle component analysis, our AMWPCA method can identify the modal shapes and modal frequencies better. Show more

Keywords: Moving window, adaptive, window function, linear time-varying structure, operational modal analysis, principle component analysis

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209359

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 517-524, 2020